동아(冬瓜, wax gourd, Benincase hispida) 추출물과 프로바이오틱 유산균(Lactobacillus casei와 Bifidobacterium bifidum) (이하 유산균이라 한다)의 생리활성을 분석하였다. 동아 추출물은 안기오텐신전환효소의 활성을 47.9%, 티로시나제의 활성을 13.2% 저해하였고, 항산화 활성을 23.4% 나타냈다. 설사 증세자 120명에게 동아 추출물 제제를 72시간 복용시킨 결과 117명이 개선되었고, 6∼12시간째에 개선율이 가장 높았다. 개선율은 80%가 치료되는 상태를 기준하였다. 유산균제제는 안기오텐신전환효소의 활성을 21.4% 저해하였다. 설사 증세자 120명에게 유산균 제제를 72시간 복용시킨 결과 108명이 개선되었고, 24시간째에 개선율이 가장 높았다. 이들 결과를 바탕으로, 과민성대장증후군 개선을 위한 동아 추출물과 유산균을 함유한 제제(tablet)를 개발하였다. 이 제품은 안기오텐신전환효소의 활성을 27.1% 저해하였고, 항산화 활성을 20.3% 나타냈다. 인체폐암 A549 세포에 100 ㎍/㎖ 및 250 ㎍/㎖ 농도로 이 제제를 가하여 24시간 반응시킨 결과, 세포 증식을 67% 억제하였고, 동아 추출물 제제나 프로바이오틱 유산균 제제 단독으로 작용시킨 것보다 억제율이 높았다. 또 이 제제를 인체대장암 HCT116 세포에 100 ㎍/㎖ 농도로 가한 결과, 24시간 후 세포 증식이 70% 억제되었고, 동아 추출물 제제나 유산균 제제 단독으로 작용시킨 것보다 개선율과 개선 속도가 높았다. 이 제제를 설사형, 변비형, 일반형의 과민성대장증후군 증세자 164명에게 72시간 복용시킨 결과 100% 개선시켰으며, 개선율은 3∼6시간째에 가장 높았고, 동아 추출물 제제나 유산균 제제 단독으로 사용한 것보다 개선율과 개선속도가 높았다.

We analyzed the viable population changes of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, on seeds and roots after bioformulation at varying time intervals during the storage. The viable population of E681 on tested crop seeds sustained log 4-5 cfu/seed after 300 days of seed treatment. The ability of root colonization and inhibition of fungal mycellial growth was not influenced even after 300 days of seed treatment. The seed-soaking treatment returned better results than powder formulation, in increasing the initial population of E681 on plant roots. Collectively, it was found that E681 is a durable and stable biological control agent for application to crop seeds.

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Agarum cribrosum as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of the general and antioxidant activities of Agarum cribrosum were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash were 45.4%, 15.0%, 2.3% and 33.1%. The calories of Agarum cribrosum were 262.3 kcal and total dietary fiber of Agarum cribrosum was 34.0%. The protein contained a total of 18 different kinds of amino acids. The content of amino acids was 12, 402.42 ㎎/100 g. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, Na and Mg, implying that Agarum cribrosum is an alkali material. The antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), reducing power, and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). All antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum extract increased the concentration of the dependents. Total phenolic contents of Agarum cribrosum extract were 34.1±2.56 ㎎/g, and total flavonoids contents were estimated at 4.9±0.26 ㎎/g. General nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in Agarum cribrosum were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that a follow-up study of Agarum cribrosum through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information or sources of functional foods.

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using cultured wild ginseng roots as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of cultured wild ginseng roots were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 61.72%, 17.36%, 0.23% and 10.90%, respectively. Further, the calories of cultured wild ginseng roots were 323.97 kcal. Total dietary fiber was 82.13%. The protein contained a total of 18 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of amino acids were 16.15 g. The K was the largest mineral followed by P, Ca, and Mg, which means cultured wild ginseng roots is alkali material. The contents of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were 0.23 g, and 0.62 g, respectively. Crude saponine content was 25.87 ㎎/g. Total phenolic contents of cultured wild ginseng roots were 11.2 ㎎/g, and total flavonoids contents were estimated as 4.2 ㎎/g. The electron donating ability of cultured wild ginseng roots were 24.7～31.6%. The nitrite scavenging activity was pH dependent, and was highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The cultured wild ginseng roots extract showed the highest reducing power (0.06) at the concentration of 1, 000 ㎍/㎖. Based on the above results, we deemed that the cultured wild ginseng roots might have potential antioxdant activities.

We examined the effects of biological activity Phellinus linteus mycelium culture with cassiae semen extract. Firstly, the optimal temperature, initial pH and culture period for mycelial growth in a liquid culture of P. linteus were determined, and they were 30℃, pH 5.0 and 8 days respectively. The five herbal materials were examined against several health functional efficacies, and, as a result, Cassiae semen was chosen, with its superior inhibitory effects in β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities(95.3%, 80.9%, 96.1 and 24.2%, respectively). P. linteus fruit body was investigated on β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and they were 54.7%, 81.9%, 30.0% and 20.1%, respectively. Accordingly, C. semen was used in the following experiment, to give an additive functional effect on the P. linteus. As the amount of C. semen in the cultural media increased, mycelial weight and β-glucan contents also increased, but final pH was not influenced. In addition, the β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, and α- glucosidase inhibitory activity increased. P. linteus mycelium culture showed higher activities in the other three tests above, except for electron donating activity, when C. semen was added to the medium before cultivation.

We analyzed the contents of γ-oryzanol, which is contained in brown rice of the nation rice varieties Chucheong, Heukjinju and Sindongjin, by HPLC. Furthermore we also performed experiments on its biological activity, to prove the effectiveness of rice bran. The contents of γ-oryzanol contained in hulled rice showed 1, 587 ppm for Heukjinju, followed by Chucheong(1, 038 ppm), and by Sindongjin(472 ppm). In anti-oxidative activity, we performed an experiment, by measuring the radical scavenging activity of DPPH. Heukjinju showed the best effect, and Chucheong showed the worst effect. In cholesterol lowering activity, Heukjinju showed the best activity and Sindongjin showed the worst effect. In anti-bacterial activity as well, Heukjinju showed the best activity, and Sindongjin showed the worst effect. Through these experiments, we compared the contents of γ-oryzanol, which is contained in hulled rice(Chucheong, Heukjinju, Sindongjin). Also, we found the anti-oxidation effect, cholesterol lowering effect, and anti-bacterial activity of the γ-oryzanol extracts. Based on our research, we expect that γ-oryzanol can work as a new drug, or nutritional supplement.

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Crataegi fructus as a natural food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and biological activities were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 85.6%, 2.4%, 1.9% and 0.4%, respeectively. Further, the calories of Crataegi fructus was 369.1 kcal. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 852.26 ㎎ and 1, 178.29 ㎎, respeectively. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P, Mg, which means Crataegi fructus is an alkali material. Crataegi fructus extracts slightly(17.6～32.8) inhibited α-glucosidase activity. However, there is no inhibitory activity against α-amylase. In terms of proteslytic activity, Crataegi fructus extracts showed a strong activity than pancreatin(used as a positive control). These results indicate that Crataegi fructus can be used as a natural resource for material aiding digestion.

마늘종의 영양학적 특성 및 생리활성 물질에 대한 기초자료를 확보하고자 생 마늘종과 데친 마늘종의 이화학적 성분을 비교․분석하였다. 생 마늘종의 수분은 85.14±0.35%, 조단백 및 조지방은 0.79±0.26% 및 2.96±0.03%였으며 비타민 C는 생 마늘종이 7.07±0.84 mg/100 g으로 더 높았다. 총 페놀 및 플라 보노이드 함량은 데친 마늘종에서 더 높아 각각 17.89±1.46 및 8.68±0.24 mg/100 g이었다. 총 클로 로필 함량은 생 마늘종이 6.86±0.60 mg/100 g이었으며 데친 마늘종에서는 6.70±0.46 mg/100 g으로 유의차가 없었다. Total pyruvate는 생 마늘종이 24.63±1.59 mM/g으로 데친 마늘종에 비해 높았고 thiosulfinate는 생 마늘종이 183.76±26.56 mM/g으로 유의적으로 높았다. 알리신 함량은 데친 마늘종 이 생 마늘종에 비해 45%나 높게 측정되었다. 무기물 중 칼륨의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 총량은 생 마늘 종에서 더 높았다. 마늘종의 생리활성 규명의 일환으로 생 마늘종과 데친 마늘종으로 물과 주정 추출물 을 각각 제조하여 각 추출물의 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 분석한 결과, 총 페놀 화합물은 3.49±0.11~3.75±0.29 mg/100 g으로 유의차가 없었고, 플라보노이드 함량은 1.79±0.01~3.68±0.01 mg/100 g으로 데친 마늘종의 물 추출물이 가장 높았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과, 데친 마늘종 물 추출물의 소거능이 85.09±0.28%로 가장 높았다. 항균활성은 생 마늘종 물 추출물이 가장 높아 실험 된 4종의 균주 모두에 항균활성이 있었으나 다른 추출물에서는 활성이 미약하거나 없었다.

This study aims to estimate the in vivo hair growth effects of Dansam-Samultang. A total of 40, six-week-old C578L/ 6 male mice were classified into four groups (10 in each group): Control (C, distilled water), Positive control (PC, minoxidil 3%), Experimental I (El, Dansam-Samultang ethanol extact 2%), and Experimental 2 (E2, Dansam-Samultang toner type 2%). Samples (150 t`l) were applied percutaneously on the back, once a day, six days a week, for four weeks. Water and feed conswnption, and body weight were measured once a week, in addition, macroscopic hair growth was observed once a week. On the second and fourth week, we took skin tissues after an autopsy, and measured the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ` -glutamyl transpeptidase (r -GT) enzyme activity, and mRNA development of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-l), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-fl I (TGF-fl I). There were no significant differences among the groups in water and feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. In a macroscopic observation, hair growth effects showed in order of PC, El, E2, and C groups. Both ALP and 7 -GT enzyme activity showed significant increase (p<0.05) for the PC, El and E2 groups, compared to the C group. En the mRNA gene expressions of hair growth factors, IGF-1 and VEGF. were significantly greater for the PC, El and E2, compared to that of the C group, but significantly lower (p`<O.O5) in the mRNA expression of inhibitory factor, TGF- fi 1. From these results, it is estimated that Dansam-Samultang has positive effects on hair growth or hair loss prevention.

Mushrooms has been used for food ingredients since early times. Recently it is being used as a good pharmaceutical material or functional bio-material. Especially Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus and Inonotus are used for medicinal purposes. Ganoderma is a basidiomycete white rot fungus which has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries particularly in China, Japan and Korea. A great deal of work has been carried out on Ganoderma lucidum. The metabolites consist of mainly polysaccharides and terpenoids. At present, Ganoderma is a health food supplement to support cancer patients, yet the evidence supporting the potential of direct in vivo anticancer effects should not be underestimated. the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects and anti-inflammatory of Ganoderma lucidum in some kinds of human cell lines (Gastric:AGS, liver:HepG2, breast:MCF-7, lung:A549, uterine:Hela, Raw 264.7) we are examined the cell viability by MTT assay and effects of anti-inflammatory by NO assay. Anticancer and anti-inflammatory effect in the 10strains were selected.

Insulin/insulin-like peptide-binding protein (IBP) is abundantly found in venom of the solitary hunting wasp, Eumenes pomiformis (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). E. pomiformis IBP (EpIBP) is most similar to insect IBP-like proteins that are known to inhibit insect growth and insulin signaling. To investigate the toxicity and target protein, EpIBP was in vivo expressed by Escherichia coli. Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae injected with EpIBP showed a 20% lower pupation rate than the control larvae, although their body weight was not significantly different from the control when the larvae were provided artificial diet after the injection. EpIBP extended the larval stage without inducing paralysis of S. exigua larvae. To investigate the effects of EpIBP on caterpillar under a starvation condition, survivorship and body weight of the EpIBP-injected were evaluated without providing artificial diet until all the larvae died. The survivorship of the EpIBP-injected larvae was 24-36% higher than the control larvae at 4-5 d post-injection. The body weight of the control larvae reduced to 59% that is approximately 10% lower than the body weight of the EpIBP-injected larvae. These results suggest that EpIBP might inhibit the metabolism of the caterpillars, which is likely related with insulin-like peptide signaling pathway, suppress the loss of body weight and eventually extend the larval stage. An EpIBP-binding protein (EpIBPBP) isolated by immunoprecipitation was matched with a coiled-coil domain-containing protein of the fruit fly. The full-length sequence analysis of EpIBPBP is in progress.

Chitosan is widely used in cosmetics and medical fields. Special emphasis has been put on the chemical modification of chitosan to explore its full potential. We have described the synthesis and biological activity of novel peptide amino acid derivatives. The polyamino acid derivatives were synthesized by introducing alkylamine functional group on chitosan at C-6. The poor aqueous solubility of chitosan derivatives hinder both pharmacological studies and pharmaceutical development. To make amino acid coupled chitosan derivatives with improved biological effect and solubility, some attempts have been taken to consist of amino peptide group like aspartic acid and phenylalanine-aspartic acid derivatives onto chitosan C-6. The resultingly substituted chitosan was characterized by solubility in various solvents. We measured chitosan derivatives with 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Also, We were investigated on the physical properties and biological activities of these products.

식용버섯으로서 버들송이버섯의 우수성을 검증하고 재배면적과 소비의 확대보급을 위하여 일반성분, 무기성분, 총 폴리페놀 함량 그리고 전자공여능 등 몇가지 생리활성을 측정하였다. 일반성분은 조단백질이 38.3%로 높게 나타났으며, 무기성분은 K, P, Mg, Mn 및 Na 순으로 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열수추출물은 65.2㎍/㎖, 에탄올 추출물은 46.0㎍/㎖ 이었으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 열수추출물에서 12.5㎍/㎖, 에탄올 추출물에서 7.1㎍/㎖ 이었다. DPPH radical 제거 활성은 열수추출물에서 58.2%, 에탄올 추출물에서 79.2%의 free radical 제거활성을 보여 열수 추출물보다는 에탄올 추출물에서 항산화활성이 높았다. 버들송이버섯 추출물의 총 폴리페놀함량, 플라보노이드 함량 그리고 DPPH radical 제거 활성은 큰느타리버섯 또는 느타리버섯보다 함량이 많고 항산화활성이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 열수 추출물은 63.2%, 에탄올 추출물에서는 65.0%의 저해활성을 나타내어 추출용매에 따른 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. ACE 저해활성은 열수 추출물은 78.7%, 에탄올 추출물은 75.0%의 저해활성을 나타내어 열수 추출물에서 다소 높은 경향이었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 버들송이 버섯은 큰느타리버섯이나 느타리버섯 보다 폴리페놀 물질과 같은 항산화성분이 많고, 생리활성이 우수하여 식용버섯으로의 가치가 충분한 것으로 나타났다.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted from primarily cells of the peritubular capillary endothelium of the kidney, and is responsible for the regulation of red blood cell production. We constructed and expressed dimeric cDNAs in Chinease hamster ovary (CHO) cells encoding a fusion protein consisting of 2 complete human EPO domains linked by a 2-amino acid linker (Ile-Asp). We described the activity of dimeric hyperglycosylated EPO (dHGEPO) mutants containing additional oligosaccharide chains and characterized the function of glycosylation. No dimeric proteins with mutation at the 105th amino acid were found in the cell medium. Growth and differentiation of the human EPO-dependent leukemiae cell line (F36E) were used to measure cytokine dependency and in vitro bioactivity of dHGEPO proteins. MTT assay at 24 h increased due to the survival of F36E cells. The dHGEPO protein migrated as a broad band with an average molecular mass of 75 kDa. The mutant, dHGEPO, was slightly higher than the wild-type (WT) dimeri-EPO band. Enzymatic N-deglycosylation resulted in the formation of a narrow band with a molecular mass twice of that of of monomeric EPO digested with an N-glycosylation enzyme. Hematocrit values were remarkably increased in all treatment groups. Pharmacokinetic analysis was also affected when 2.5 IU of dHGEPO were intravenously injected into the tails of the mice. The biological activity and half-life of dHGEPO mutants were enhanced as compared to the corresponding items associated the WT dimeric EPO. These results suggest that recombinant dHGEPO may be attractive biological and therapeutic targets.

This study was carried out to analyse the biological activity in soybean pastes with the sword beans and general soybean pastes. The electron donating activity of soybean pastes with the sword beans(J2, J4) was higher than other soybean pastes with value of 81.5 ± 2.2% and 88.3 ± 0.7%, respectively. And the content of total phenol compounds was higher in J2 and J4 compared to the others with value of 1773.8 ± 2.9 mg/kg and 1785.7 ± 3.9 mg/kg respectively. ACE inhibitory effect was higher in J2 and J4 than other soybean pastes with value of 63.1 ± 1.0%, 62.1 ± 1.4%, respectively. And aglycone type(daidzein, genistein) isoflavone content was higher than glucoside type(daidzin, genistin). But tyrosinase inhibitory effect was not different among test samples. From the results, soybean pastes with the sword beans(J2, J4) have higher anti-oxidant activity and ACE inhibitory effect than other soybean pastes, therefore, it may have potential to prevent hypertension.

The hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (EPO) is required for the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of the stem cells that produce erythrocytes. To analyse the biological activity of the recombinant human EPO (rec-hEPO), we have cloned the EPO cDNA and genomic DNA and produced rec-hEPO in the CHO cell lines. The growth and differentiation of EPO-dependent human leukemic cell line (F36E) were used to measure cytokine dependency and in vitro bioactivity of rec-hEPO. MIT assay values were increased by survival of F36E cells at 24h or 72h. The hematocrit and RBC values were increased by subcutaneous injection of 20 IU (in mice) and 100IU(in rats) rec-hEPO. Hematocrit values remarkably increased at 13.2% (in mice) and 12.2% (in rats). The pharmacokinetic behavior with injection of 6 IU of rec-hEPO remained detectable after 24 h in all mice tested. The highest peat appeared at 2h after injection. The long half-life of rec-hEPO is likely to confer clinical advantages by allowing less frequent dosing in patients treated for anemia. These data demonstratethat ree-hEPO produced in this study has a potent activity in vivo and in vitro. The results also suggest that biological activity of ree-hEPO could be remarkably enhanced by genetic engineering that affects the potential activity, including mutants with added oligosaccharide chain and designed to produce EPO-EPO fusion protein.