This study was performed to investigate the effect of rice bran dietary fiber powder on serum lipid levels, bowel function, and mineral absorption in rats. Four weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats(SD rat) were divided into four groups : control group fed 5% cellulose as a fiber source, RB10 fed 5% of cellulose and 10% of rice bran dietary fiber powder, RB20 and RB30. The animals were fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Serum lipid levels were not significantly different among the groups. But, fecal total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) excretion increased in the RB30 group. Fecal weight and fecal water content were higher in the rice bran added groups than those in the control group. Transit time was significantly shorter in the rice bran fiber-added groups than that in the control. Weight of the stomach and large intestine in the RB20 and RB30 groups were significantly greater than those in the other groups. Absorption rates of Ca, Mg, P, and Zn decreased significantly in the RB30 group compared to those in the other groups. A high amount of rice bran increased fecal lipids, including TC, TG and HDL-c. Rice bran increased fecal weight and fecal water content and shortened gastrointestinal transit time. However, a high level of rice bran diet decreased mineral absorption rates.

This surfactant can be used as a cosmetics and chemical dispersants. The variation of critical micelle concentration(CMC) with temperature for N-eicosyl pyridinium bromide over the range 40℃ to 60℃ has been measured by drop methods. Thermodynamic quantities for micellization of N-eicosyl pyridinium bromide in water have been calculated by polynominal equation.

새만금 간척지에서 동계 사료작물의 재배 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 2009년 가을부터 2011년 봄까지 염분농도가 다양한 토양조건에서 청보리, 호밀, 밀, 트리티케일, 귀리 등을 공시하여 생육특성,생초 및 건물수량 등을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출현율과 입모율은 토양에 염분이 거의 없는 시험구에서 84%와 79%인 반면, 토양 염농도 0.2% 시험구에서는 73%와 64%, 토양 염농도 0.3% 시험구에서는 52%와 40%, 토양 염농도 0.4% 시험구에서는 37%와 22%이었다. 2. 사료작물별 출현율과 입모율은 호밀, 밀, 트리티케일 및 청보리는 비슷하였으며, 귀리는 상대적으로 낮았다. 3. 초장은 토양 염농도가 높을수록 현저히 단축되었으며, 토양 염농도 0.3% 이상 시험구에서는 단축정도가 매우 컸다. 4. 생초 및 건물수량은 토양에 염농도가 거의 없는 시험구 대비 토양 염농도 0.2% 시험구에서 66~77% 수준이었으나, 토양염농도 0.3% 이상 시험구에서는 30~61% 수준이었다. 5. 사료작물별 생초수량은 호밀 >밀 >청보리 >트리티케일 >귀리 순으로 많았으며, 건물수량은 밀> 호밀=청보리> 트리티케일> 귀리 순으로 많았다. 6. 따라서 새만금 간척지에서 동계 사료작물의 재배가 가능한 토양 염농도는 공시작물의 생육특성, 생초 및 건물수량 등을 종합해 볼 때 0.2% 이하이고, 염류토양에 대한 적응력이 높은사료작물은 호밀, 밀, 청보리, 트리티케일 이었다.

본 연구는 식물공장에서 청경채와 상추의 발아조건과 육묘배지 및 육묘 시 양액농도가 묘의 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 청경채와 상추의 발아율은 광의 유무와 온도처리(15, 20, 25℃) 간에 유의적 차이가 없었으나, 육묘배지 간에는 우레탄스펀지의 경우 파종 전 후 수분관리 유 무에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. 즉, 우레탄스펀지 배지에서 파종전 후 수분관리를 하지 않았을 경우 암면에 비해 발아율이 현저히 낮았으나, 수분관리를 해주었을 때에는 암면보다 발아율이 높았으며, 묘의 생육도 암면과 차이가 없었다. 그리고 청경채의 생체중은 EC 1.0dS·m-1에서 1.5dS·m-1에서보다 1.8배 무거웠고, 0.5dS·m-1에서보다는 6배 무거웠다. 상추의 생체중 또한 EC 1.0dS·m-1이 1.5dS·m-1와 0.5dS·m-1에 비해 1.7배와 3.5배 각각 무거웠다.

Odorous compounds were monitored and dispersion modeling was conducted using AERMOD model. for Songtan Industrial Complex (SIC) located in Mogok-dong, Pyeongtaek city. The complex odor at the target area showed an average dilution ratio of 4.5 and low ammonia concentrations were observed (78.3 ppb). Sulfide, methyl iso-buthyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone and styrene were not detected. The toluene concentration showed as 1233.3 ppb, which was the highest in the target compounds. The diffusion effect of odorous pollutants by wind was confirmed by descending order of concentration, inner-SIC (282 ppb) > downwind site (182 ppb) > upwind site (11.6 ppb). The results of the modeling demonstrated that the complex odors on the west and, south, north and east of the boundaries were dilution ratios of 10 24 and 20, respectively indicating the north and the east of SIC were more vulnerable to odor pollution than other regions.

MAO(Micro-Arc Oxidation) method was used to make surface on 6063 Al specimen. This study was focused on an influence of voltage, density of electrolyte and a period of treatment on the change of surface microstructure by using SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). The microstructure shows higher roughness and thicker oxidized layer with increase of voltage and maintaining period of treatment. The density of electrolyte affected a formation of more dense surface and increase of a oxidized layer.

The effect of oxygen on the shape memory characteristics in Ti-18Nb-6Zr-XO (X = 0-1.5 at%) biomedical alloys was investigated by tensile tests. The alloys were fabricated by an arc melting method at Ar atmosphere. The ingots were cold-rolled to 0.45 mm with a reduction up to 95% in thickness. After severe cold-rolling, the plate was solution-treated at 1173 K for 1.8 ks. The fracture stress of the solution-treated specimens increased from 450 Mpa to 880 MPa with an increasing oxygen content up to 1.5%. The fracture stress increased by 287MPa with 1 at% increase of oxygen content. The critical stress for slip increased from 430 MPa to 695 MPa with an increasing oxygen content up to 1.5 at%. The maximum recovery strain of 4.1% was obtained in the Ti-18Nb-6Zr-0.5O (at%) alloy. The martensitic transformation temperature decreased by 140 K with a 1.0 at% increase in O content, which is lower than that of Ti-22Nb-(0-2.0)O (at%) by 20 K. This may have been caused by the effect of the addition of Zr. This study confirmed that addition of oxygen to the Ti-Nb-Zr alloy increases the critical stress for slip due to solid solution hardening without being detrimental to the maximum recovery strain.

Red-orange phosphors Gd1-xPO4:Eux3+ (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized with changing theconcentration of Eu3+ ions using a solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures, surface morphology, and optical propertiesof the ceramic phosphors were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), andphotoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry. The XRD results were in accordance with JCPDS (32-0386), and the crystalstructures of all the red-orange phosphors were found to be a monoclinic system. The SEM results showed that the size ofgrains increases and then decreases as the concentration of Eu3+ ionincreases. As for the PL properties, all of the ceramicphosphors, irrespective of Eu3+ ion concentration, had orange and red emissions peaks at 594nm and 613nm, respectively. Themaximum excitation and emission spectra were observed at 0.10mol of Eu3+ ion concentration, just like the grain size. Anorange color stronger than the red means that 5D0→7F1 (magnetic dipole transition) is dominant over the 5D0→7F2 (electricdipole transition), and Eu3+ is located at the center of the inversion symmetry. These properties contrasted with those of a redphosphor Y1-xPO4:Eux3+, which has a tetragonal system. Therefore, we confirm that the crystal structure of the host materialhas a major effect on the resulting color.

A high-quality CIGS film with a selenization process needs to be developed for low-cost and large-scale production. In this study, we used Cu2In3, CuGa and Cu2Se sputter targets for the deposition of a precursor. The precursor deposited by sputtering was selenized in Se vapor. The precursor layer deposited by the co-sputtering of Cu2In3, CuGa and Cu2Se showed a uniform distribution of Cu, In, Ga, and Se throughout the layer with Cu, In, CuIn, CuGa and Cu2Se phases. After selenization at 550˚C for 30 min, the CIGS film showed a double-layer microstructure with a large-grained top layer and a small-grained bottom layer. In the AES depth profile, In was found to have accumulated near the surface while Cu had accumulated in the middle of the CIGS film. By adding a Cu-In-Ga interlayer between the co-sputtered precursor layer and the Mo film and adding a thin Cu2Se layer onto the co-sputtered precursor layer, large CIGS grains throughout the film were produced. However, the Cu accumulated in the middle of CIGS film in this case as well. By supplying In, Ga and Se to the CIGS film, a uniform distribution of Cu, In, Ga and Se was achieved in the middle of the CIGS film.

Nano-sized SnO2 thick films were prepared by a screen-printing method onto Al2O3 substrates. The sensing characteristics were investigated by measuring the electrical resistance of each sensor in a test box as a function of the detection gas. The nano-sized SnO2 thick film sensors were treated in a N2 atmosphere. The structural properties of the nano SnO2with a rutile structure according to XRD showed a (110) dominant SnO2 peak. The particle size of SnO2:Ni nano powders at Ni 8 wt% was about 45 nm, and the SnO2 particles were found to contain many pores according to the SEM analysis. The sensitivity of the nano SnO2-based sensors was measured for 5 ppm CH4 gas and CH3CH2CH3 gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in the target gases. The results showed that the best sensitivity of SnO2:Ni and SnO2:Co sensors for CH4 gas and CH3CH2CH3 gas at room temperature was observed in SnO2:Ni sensors doped with 8 wt% Ni. The response time of the SnO2:Ni gas sensors was 10 seconds and recovery time was 15 seconds for the CH4 and CH3CH2CH3 gases.

This study investigated changes in cognitive ability of intellectual and disability people by supplying two different condition of oxygen (21%, and 92%), during visual matching task. 10 males (average 28.7±4.7 years), and 13 females (average 34.1±7.2 years) in intellectual and disability people were selected as the subjects for this study. The each run consisted of four phases, i.e., Rest (2 min.), Adaptation (1 min.), Control (2 min.) and Task (2 min.). The analysis of cognitive performance with 92% oxygen administration when compared to 21% oxygen revealed that the response time decreased. This result supports the hypothesis that hyperoxic air increase oxygen saturation level in the blood, lead to more available oxygen to the brain, thus increase the ability of cognitive processing of intellectual and disability people.

국내의 말 산업 확대와 승마인구 저변확대에 따른 승용말 생산의 필요성이 대두되고 있으나, 현재 대부분의 승용말은 경주 퇴역마 또는 고가의 수입말을 활용하고 있다. 따라 서 우수하고 경제적인 승용말의 국내 생산이 필요하며, 이에 따른 인공수정 및 수정란이 식 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 말의 발정동기화 처리법에 따른 난소와 혈중 호르몬 농도의 변화를 조사하였다. 공란말 및 수란말의 발정동기화는 CIDR-Plus, 경구용 프로제 스테론(Regumate) 및 PGF2a를 이용하였다. CIDR-Plus 및 Regumate는 투여 시작부터 3 일간격으로 채혈 및 초음파 검사를 하였고, PGF2a는 투여전 및 투여 후 3일간격으로 채 혈과 호름파 검사를 하였다. CIDR-Plus 삽입 전 프로제스테론 농도가 평균 1.02 ng/ml, 3 일, 6일 및 9일째 각각 1.10 ng/ml, 4.21 ng/ml 및 8.90 ng/ml이었고, 9일째 PGF2a를 투 여하여 배란유도한 후 3일째에 0.04 ng.ml로 급격히 감소하였다. 한편 Regumate는 투여 전, 투여 후 3일, 6일 9일 및 PGF2a 투여 후 3일째에 각각 평균 0.04 ng/ml. 0.03 ng/ ml, 1.59 ng/ml, 8/84 ng/ml 및 0.93 ng/ml이었다. 발정 증상이 없는 번식말에 PGF2a 투 여전 혈중 프로제스테론 농도는 평균 2.45 ng/ml였으며, PGF2a 투여로 평균 0.03 ng/ml 미만으로 감소하였다. CIDR-plus는 발정 증상이 대체로 미약하였고, 기구 삽입에 따른 질 의 발적과 염증소견이 관찰되었다. Regumate는 급여 후 황체의 크기가 6일째에 평균 3.2 cm로 성장하였고, PGF2a 투여 후 황체 소실 및 난포의 성장이 관찰되었다. 본 연구 를 통하여 말의 발정동기화는 경구용 프로제스테론이 기구에 비하여 효과적인 것으로 판 단된다.

국외에서 승용말 번식에서 인공수정 및 수정란이식의 활용도가 높지만, 국내에서 사육 되는 말은 대부분이 경주마로 자연종부로만 번식을 하고 있다. 인공수정 등 번식기술의 국산화를 위해서는 발정주기의 난포 변화와 난포 변화에 따른 호르몬 변화 등의 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 말 발정기의 난포크기에 따른 프로제스테론과 에스트로젠의 변 화 및 난포 크기에 따른 배란유도와 인공수정 결과를 조사하였다. 말의 난포 크기가 발정증상 개시부터 2 cm, 3 cm 및 4 cm 이상에서 혈액내 프로제스 테론과 에스트로젠을 분석하였다. 발정개시 후 난포의 크기에 따라 hCG를 이용 배란을 유도하였고, 배란 유도 후 24 및 40시간에 동결정액으로 2회 인공수정 하였다. 발정기의 말에서 혈액내 프로제스테론 농도는 난포의 크기가 각각 2 cm, 3 cm 및 4 cm에서 평균 9.09 ng/ml, 13.04 ng.ml 및 1.40 ng/ml로서 4 cm에서 급격하게 감소하였 다. 한편 에스트로젠농도는 각각 평균 59.20 pg/ml, 48.5 pg/ml, 및 41.07 pg/ml로서 차이 가 없었다. 배란유도 시점의 난포 크기가 임신율에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 난포 크 기가 4 cm 미만에서는 임신율이 0%였으나, 4 cm 이상에서는 60%였다. 배란유도 후 인 공수정 시점의 난포 크기가 임신율에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 난포 크기가 5 cm 미 만은 임신에 실패하였으나, 5 cm 이상에서 60%의 임신율을 나타냈다. 본 연구를 통하여 발정기 말의 배란유도 및 인공수정 시점에 주기적인 초음파 검사를 통한 난포 크기의 확인이 인공수정의 임신율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

Numerous studies have suggested that dietary flavonoids contribute to prevent cardiovascular disease. Onion contains many functional phytochemicals such as quercetin. The aim of this study was to examine whether onion peel extracts supplementation affect blood lipid profiles and blood coagulation in animal model. Total 48 Sprague-Dawley male rats at 5 weeks old were divided into 6 groups with different diets(C: control, HF: high fat diet, HFOE 0.01%: high fat+onion peel extract 0.01% diet, HFOE 0.02%, HFOE 0.05%, HFOE 0.1%) for 8 weeks. Onion peel extract supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol, while total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not affected. Hematological parameters(hematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet count) and blood coagulation parameters(prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen) were not significantly different among 6 groups. However, activated partial thromboplastin time of HFOE 0.05% group was significantly longer than that of HF group. These results indicate that onion peel extract supplementation displays hypocholestrolemic effects but does not seem to have anti-coagulation effects in high fat fed SD rats.

The objective of this study was to examine effect of ethylene glycol for semen cryopreservation in Korean Jeju Black Bull. The semen was cryopreserved with extenders containing cryoprotectants (7% glycerol and 3%, 5%, 7% ethylene glycol) and packed to 0.5 ml straws. The semen straws were located above 3 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 min, 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min. And then frozen straw was plunged into LN2. Post-thawed sperm motility, viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol (72.5±5.00%, 54.88±0.66% and 46.00±2.40%; p<0.05). Motility and viability were similar between 7% glycerol and 5% ethylene glycol. However, the membrane integrity was significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol (34.69±4.64% vs 46.00±2.40%; p<0.05). The viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min than 3 cm for 5 min (viability: 55.81±2.94, 55.19±3.34 vs 47.94±3.48%; p<0.05 and membrane integrity: 44.94±3.51, 46.06±2.25 vs 40.38±1.03%; p<0.05). The percentage of capacitated sperm assessed by CTC staining, percentage of F pattern was higher in 7% glycerol, 5% and 7% ethylene glycol, and AR pattern was significantly higher in 3% ethylene glycol. F pattern was significantly increased in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min (p<0.05), but AR pattern was significantly increased in 3 cm for 5 min (p<0.05).

저농도의 SF6를 포함하고 있는 기체 혼합물(10% SF6/70% N2/19% O2/1% CF4)로부터 SF6를 분리 및 회수하기 위한 PSF막과 PC막의 성능에 대하여 연구하였다. 회수된 기체 내의 SF6의 농도와 회수율 그리고 혼합기체(N2/SF6, O2/SF6, CF4/SF6)의 선택도는 배출 유량과 온도의 함수로 측정하였다. PSF막과 PC막 모두 회수된 기체 내의 SF6 농도는 배출 유량이 증가하면서 감소하였으며 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 동일한 실험조건에서는 PSF막에서 회수된 기체 내의 SF6의 농도가 PC막에서보다 높게 나타났다. 최대회수율은 298.15 K과 배출유량 150cc/min에서 PSF막의 경우 95.9%이고 PC막의 경우 67.8%를 나타냈다. CF4/SF6를 제외한 N2/SF6와 O2/SF6의 실제 선택도는 PSF막이 PC막보다 더 높게 나타났다.

염료감응형 태양전지를 위한 겔 고분자 전해질막을 제조하였다. 고분자물질로는 Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)를 사용하였으며, 가소제로서 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)을 첨가하였고, 전해질염 및 I-/I3-의 공급원으로서 KI 및 I2를 첨가하여 고분자 전해질막을 제조하였으며, 이와 같은 고분자 전해질막을 바탕으로 염료감응형 태양전지를 제조하였다. 고분자 전해질 내의 가소제로서의 PEG는 95%의 함량으로 주입되었으며, 전해질 내의 EO 1 mole 당 KI mole 수([KI]/[EO] 비)가 0.022, 0.044, 0.066 및 0.088이 되도록 KI가 주입되었다. 이러한 방식으로 제조된 겔 전해질막은 상온에서 왁스(wax) 형태를 보였다. 낮은 KI 함량의 영역에서는 KI 함량이 증가하면서 전해질막을 통한 이온전도도가 증가하였으며, [KI]/[EO]비가 0.066인 때에 이온전도도는 최대값을 보인 후 0.088로 증가하면서 이온전도도는 감소하였다. 염료감응형 태양전지에 있어서는 고분자 전해질막 내의 KI 함량이 증가하면서 VOC는 지속적으로 감소하였다. 반면, JSC의 경우 낮은 KI 함량의 범위에서는 KI 함량이 증가하면서 JSC는 증가하였으며 [KI]/[EO]비가 0.044인 때에 JSC가 최대값을 보인 후 그 이상의 높은 범위에서는 KI함량의 증가에 따라 JSC는 감소하였다.