In order to investigate the basic vegetation information for the efficient management of the Sorbus commixta habitat in Korea, 31 plots in Mt. Chiri area were selected of which vegetation types were classified in phytosociological method and ecological characteristics were identified. As a result, the habitat was classified as S. commixta community group which was then subdivided to Prunus padus group and Picea jezoensis group. Prunus padus group was classified in Ainsliaea acerifolia subgroup and Magnolia sieboldii subgroup, while the Picea jezoensis group was classified in Rhododendron mucronulatum subgroup and Echinopanax horridum subgroup. Thus, the forest vegetation of S. commixta was classified in 1 community, 2 groups and 4 subgroups, and found to have 4 vegetation units in total.

Genetic variation and structure of 9 subpopulations of Symplocarpus renifolius Schott ex Tzvelev on Mt. Cheonma, in Korea, were determined via starch-gel electrophoresis. The genetic diversity at 10 loci for 8 isozymes (P99=66%, A=2.26, Ho=0.212, He=0.230) was found to be considerably higher than that seen in other long-lived perennial plants. On the whole, the genotype frequencies were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Approximately 5%(θ=0.049) of the total variability was among subpopulations. The high levels of observed genetic diversity in S. renifolius were attributed to a universal outcrossing system and other specific factors like differences in age classes and widely scattered individuals around the main distribution. Heterozygosity was highest at a mid-range of elevation(450m~600m). The lowest heterozygosity at lower elevation was attributed to the possible origin of seeds transported by water from upstream regions during the monsoon season. Spatial structure in a subpopulation evidenced a strong autocorrelation between closer individuals within 3~4m of distance. This was assumed to be attributable to the restricted seed dispersal characteristics of S. renifolius. In accordance with the findings generated in this study, some implications regarding the conservation of S. renifolius at the Mt. Cheonma were also presented.

The vascular plants in the Mt. Manduk was listed 560 taxa composed of 110 families, 345 genera, 488 species, 1 subspecies, 67 varieties and 4 forms. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 4 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order; No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151) and Prunus yedoensis (No. 110). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 12 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Pseudostellaria multiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Stewartia koreana, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis and Aster koraiensis. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 7 taxa were recorded; Carex okamotoi, Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Vaccinium oldhami, Paulownia coreana, Asperula lasiantha and Saussurea seoulensis. Specific plants by floral region were total 32 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class Ⅴ, Wistaria floribunda in class Ⅳ, 5 taxa (Girardinia cuspidata, Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Stewartia koreana, Asperula lasiantha) in class Ⅲ, 3 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana and Caryopteris incana) in class Ⅱ and 22 taxa (Pinus koraiensis, Hosta capitata, Chloranthus japonicus, Salix glandulosa, Juglans mandshurica, etc.) in class Ⅰ. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 14 families, 36 genera, 44 species, 2 varieties, 46 taxa and naturalization rate was 8.2% of all 560 taxa of vascular plants. Wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing. Therefore, continuous control and conservation measures are needed on the ecosystem of Mt. Manduk.

것대산에는 79과 199속 266종 35변종 5품종 등 총 306분류군의 식물이 조사되었다. 남사면부에는 붉은병꽃나무, 참빗살나무, 황새냉이, 붉나무, 때죽나무, 작살나무, 길마가지나무, 올괴불나무 등이, 북사면의 경우 아까시나무, 떡갈나무, 밤나무, 갈참나무, 뽕나무, 생강나무, 회잎나무, 노린재나무, 미나리아재비, 점나도나물, 세잎양지꽃이 조사되었다. 성상별 분포의 경우 교목류는 굴참나무, 가죽나무 등 27분류군, 아교목류는 오리나무, 산뽕나무 등 29분류군, 관목류은 싸리, 개암나무 등 47분류군, 초본류는 각시붓꽃, 대사초 등 173분류군, 덩굴류는 인동, 청미래덩굴 등 30분류군으로 조사되었다. 한국특산식물은 호랑버들 등 7분류군이 조사되었고 귀화식물은 오리새 등 총 16분류군이었다. 자연파괴도와 귀화율은 약 6.0%, 5.2%로 분석되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 승마, 물박달나무, 붉은병꽃나무, 홀아비꽃대 등 26분류군이었다.

2005년 3월부터 11월까지 전북 강천산 군립공원에 자생하는 유관속식물을 대상으로 조사한 결과 조사지역내에 분포하는 식물은 97과 253속 328종 45변종 6품종 등 총 379분류군으로 관찰되었다. 조사 지역에서 분포하고 있는 379종류의 식물자원의 유용도를 분석한 결과 총 315종류의 자원식물로 분류되었으며, 식용자원(E)은 161종류(51.1%), 초지자원(P)은 121종류(38.4%), 약용자원(M)은 147종류(46.6%), 관상자원(O)은 82종류(26.0%), 목재자원(T)은 11종류(3.4%), 공업원료자원(I)은 14종류(4.4%)로 나타났다. 한국특산식물은 14과 16속 16분류군으로 조사지역내 분포하는 총 379분류군 중 약 4.2%이었으며, 특정식물 중 III~V등급 식물은 9과 9속 9분류군으로 소산식물 379분류군의 약 2.3%로 나타났으며, 진화식물은 11과 15속 14종 1변종의 15분류군으로 우리나라 전체 귀화식물 225 종류의 6.7%에 해당되었다.

본 연구는 석불산 일대의 관속식물상과 식생을 조사하여 식물종의 분포 양상을 알림으로서 식물자원의 효율적 이용에 일조하고자 수행한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 석불산 일대의 관속식물상은 96과 249속 293종 2아종 43변종 3품종 1재배종으로 총 342종류가 확인되었다. 희귀식물에는 나도개감채(보존우선순위; 169번)와 쥐방울덩굴(151번)이 확인되었으며, 특산식물에는 민땅비싸리, 산철쭉, 개나리(식재종), 병꽃나무, 개비자나무, 지리대사초, 은사시나무(식재종)가 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종에는 V등급과 II등급에 해당하는 식물은 출현하지 않았으며, IV등급에는 등나무가(식재종), III등급에는 나도개감채, 단풍나무가, I등급에는 개비자나무, 민바랭이새, 굴참나무, 참느릅나무, 송악, 쥐방울덩굴, 산돌배, 예덕나무, 물오리나무, 말오줌때, 동백나무(식재종), 거지덩굴, 장구밥나무, 정금나무, 큰엉겅퀴로 총 18종류가 확인되었다. 귀화식물에는 11과 26속 32종 2변종으로 총 34종류가 확인되었으며, 귀화율은 전체 342종류의 관속식물 중 9.9%로 분석되었다. 석불산 일대의 식물군락에는 조사구내에 출현하는 식물들의 우점도와 군도를 조사한 후 종조성표를 작성하여 군락을 선정한 결과, 3개의 조사구는 소나무군락으로, 1개의 조사구는 곰솔군락으로 분류되었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the flora of Mt. Bongrae in Busan from February 2004 to May 2005. The flora in the surveyed area were identified 291 taxa that belonged to 82 families, 201 genera, 251 species, 35 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, evergreen broad trees were identified 21 taxa, naturalized plants 30 taxa, especial plants decided by Ministry of Environment 24 taxa. By the vegetation of each slope, in northeast slope, it was dominanted such as Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community, Amorhpa fruticosa community, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium-Hedera rhombea community, north-northeast slope, it was distributed both Pinus thunbergii community and board-leaved tree community. In the southwest slope of coast site, it was presented plantation plants, according to altitude distributed such as natural vegetation, evergreen broad trees, warm-temperate plants. In southeast slope, it was to represent secondary vegetation such as Alnus firma community as a forest fire. Underside was mainly to search herbs such as naturalized plants and cruciferous family as a vegetable garden. In northwest slope, it was searched trees such as Pinus thunbergii community, Lindera obtusiloba, Styrax japonca, Prunus sargentii, Aralia elata, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Akebia quinata and herb layer such as Osmunda japonica, Allium thunbergii, Liriope platyphylla, Corydalis ochotensis, Scilla scilloides, Viola orientalis. Around the top, it was distributed such as Rhododendron mucronulatum-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community, Carpinus coreana, Viburnum erosum, Sorbus alnifolia.

The Korea native plants of south-east of Mt. Gumsan in the summer was 32 families and 77 species, then the compositae had the largest species as 16. The pteridaceae was I species. The south-west of Mt. Gumsan was 32 families and 72 species. The gramineae was 9 species, and selaginellaceae and aspidiaceae was 1 species, respectively. The north-east of Mt. Gumsan was 42 families and 100 species. The compositae was 9 species, and aspidiaceae was 5, polypodiaceae was 2, and pteridaceae was 1 species, respectively. The north-west of Mt. Gumsan was 43 families and 135 species. The compositae was 24 species, and aspidiaceae was 3, pteridaceae was 2, and lycopodiacea was 1 species, respectively.

The Korea native plants of south-east of Mt. Gumsan in the spring was 13 families and 31 species. The liliaceae was 10 species, the largest plants of them. The south-west of Mt Gumsan was 13 families and 23 species, the orchidaceae and cyperaceae were 5 species, respectively. Selaginellaceae was 2 species and polypodiaceae was 1 species. The north-east of Mt. Gumsan was 15 families and 32 species, Fumariaceae was 5 species and aspidiaceae was 1 species. The north-west of Mt. Gumsan was 29 families and 68 species, among of them, the compositae was 9 species. Aspleniaceae, lycopodiaceae, and aspidiaceae was 1 species, respectively.

Iris odesanensis Y.N. Lee is one kind of species among 54 endangered plant species designated by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. It is very rare native plant throughout the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the native Iris odesanensis in Mt. Naeyon for their distribution and ecological characteristics. They were mostly distributed mid-slope of the mountain from 443m to 498m altitude. They were located lower part of valley and provided enough humid condition. They had proper light and humidity conditions as they faced south south west, south south east, and south. They were also located at the places deciduous woody plants were distributed for proper light conditions for spring blooming. Iris flowered to use light at the period before the trees thickly covered with foliage. However this unfavorable light condition caused low percentage as 7.04% of blooming individuals in this study. In herbaceous, Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Becker, Carex siderosticta Hance, Erythronium japonicum Decne., Oxalis obtriangulata Max., Hepatica asiatica Nakai, Lilium tsingtauense Gilg et cetera were appeared well. We propose that proper pruning of upper branches of the deciduous trees is needed for suitable light condition of management of native sites.

본 연구는 충청북도 괴산군 연풍면 조령산 일대 분포하는 식물상을 체계적이고 객관적으로 분석하여 자연환경보전의 기초 자료 제공과 더불어 충청북도 내 분포하는 식물상의 데이터베이스화하는데 목적이 있다. 조사시기는 2004년 11월부터 2005년 9월까지 계절별로 조사를 수행하였고 조사경로는 A 경로(휴량림 입구~신선봉), B 경로(신선봉~마패봉), C 경로(조령 제3관문~마패봉), D 경로(용성골~깃대봉)로 구분하여 실시하였다. 관속식물상 조사결과, 85과 219속 299종 36변종 6품종 등 총 341분류군으로 관찰되었다. 산림청 지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 백작약, 꼬리진달래, 태백제비꽃 등 3분류군이 조사되었다. 한국특산식물은 개비자나무, 호랑버들, 매화말발도리, 조팝나무, 털조록싸리, 산앵도나무, 참배암차즈기, 병꽃나무, 고려엉겅퀴 등 총 9분류군이 확인되었다. 자원식물상 조사결과, 관상용 식물자원은 171종(50.1%), 식용식물자원은 222종(65.1%), 약용식물자원은 237종(69.5%), 기타용 식물자원은 146종(42.8%)으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 대덕산에 분포하는 식물자원의 종류를 조사하고 자생지 식생을 파악하여 종다양성 보존을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 대덕산에 분포하는 양치식물 이상의 관속식물은 81과 206속 358종 69변종 14품종 1아종으로, 총 442 분류군이 자생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 한국특산식물은 17분류군이었으며, 희귀식물은 홀아비바람꽃, 너도바람꽃, 등칡, 태백제비꽃, 금강제비꽃, 가시오갈피, 지리산오갈피나무, 대성쓴풀, 토현삼, 도라지모시대, 솔나리, 말나리, 나도개감채, 노랑무늬붓꽃, 개불알꽃 등 15 종류이었고, 귀화식물은 총 16분류군이었으며 귀화율은 3.6%로 낮았다 한편 생활형 조성은 H-D4-R5-e type으로 나타났으며, 식물의 유용도는 식용식물이 43.2%로 가장 높았으며, 목초용 41.0%, 약용 식물 32.8%, 관상용 12.6%의 순으로 나타났다. 식생은 신갈나무 군락군(Quercus mongolica community)과 가래나무 군락(Juglans mandshurica Community)으로 대표되며, 신갈나무 군락군은 사스래나무-신갈나무 군락(Betula ermanii-Quercus mongolica community)과 전형하위 군락(typical community)으로 세분되었다.

We tested the hypothesis that alpine plants have special physiological and biochemical mechanisms in addition to their structural adaptation in order to survive under extreme conditions. The photosynthetic organs of Pinus pumila were used to examine the seasonal changes in sugar concentration, antioxidative enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and reducing sugar were the highest in the leaves in April. But sugar contents in buds and inner barks did not respond sensitively on temperature change. Meanwhile superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity responded sensitively on the change of temperature and SOD in all tissues maintained high activity in April. Meanwhile anthocyanin content increased rapidly in June but the increase of anthocyanin content was not enough to prevent their tissues from the damage by the exposure of high temperature or other stress. In conclusion, under low temperature condition, P. pumila increased the concentration of soluble sugars and SOD activity in their tissues in order to overcome extreme environmental condition. But in summer, these stress defense system against high temperature might be disturbed slightly. This results in the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in three tissues by lipid peroxidation.

무등산지역에서 산출되는 화산암은 화순안산암, 무등산데사이트, 도곡유문암으로 구성되며 이들 화산암류는 공통적으로 사장석 반정을 포함하고 있다. 광학현미경 하에서 관찰된 사장석의 반복 쌍정 중 대부분은 알바이트 쌍정이며 일부가 페리클라인 쌍정을 보인다. 사장석들은 EPMA 분석 결과 화순안산암은 Ca 함량이 많은 안데신에, 무등산데사이트는 안데신에서 을리고클레이스에, 그리고 도곡유문암은 거의 순수한 알바이트에 해당한다. 광학현미경 하에서 판단이 어려운 알바이트와 페리클라인 쌍정은 전자현미경의 회절도형에서 쉽게 구분할 수 있다. 연구지역의 화산암에서 산출되는 사장석은 중간조성의 사장석이지만 빠른 냉각속도에 의해 생성되었기 때문에 상분리가 일어나지 않아[100] 방향의 전자회절도형에서 e-reflection이 나타나지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

동월계곡의 소산관속식물은 재배종을 포함하여 1문 4강 3아강 34목 84과 178속 210종 1아종 33변종 4품종으로 총 248 분류군으로 조사되었다. 본 지역과 우리나라의 남부·중부·북부·울릉도·제주도의 식물대와 공통분포 하는 분류군의 수를 비교하여 보면 남부와는 90.3%, 중부와는 98.0%, 북부와는 79.0% 울릉도와는 62.1%, 제주도와는 73.8%로 각각 나타났다. 한반도의 북부고유분자식물은 확인되지 않았으며, 중부고유분자식물은 3 분류군. 남부고유분자식물 1 분류군, 중북부고유분자식물 5 분류군. 남중부고유분자로는 23 분류군이 각각 분포하는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 자원식물은 식용 118 분류군, 약용 78 분류군, 공업용 46 분류군, 관상용 39 분류군, 목재용 14 분류군 그리고 섬유용 9 분류군과 한국특산식물 4분류군이 분포하였다. 전반적인 식생은 참나무류와 철쭉류가 혼생하는 혼효림이라 할 수 있고, 한반도의 식물구계로 볼 때 온대 중부와 남부의 경계지역으로 생각된다.

천연도료 황칠자원을 보전하고 육성하기 위한 육종계획의 일환으로 한라산 황칠나무 천연집단의 식생구조, 공간분포 및 생육동태 등 생태적 특성을 조사한 결과, 중요치(Ⅳ)가 높은 수종은 구실잣밤나무, 서어나무, 황칠나무, 종가시나무, 가시나무, 동백나무, 당단풍 등인 것으로 조사되었으며 , 모든 조사구에서 공통적으로 출현한 수종은 구실잣밤나무와 서어나무 2종이었다. 층위별 황칠나무의 적산중요치는 상층에서 17.2%, 중층 12.9%, 하층 10.3%로 비교적 높은 우점도를 나타내고 있었으며, 분포형은 상층, 중층, 하층에서 확률분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 황칠나무 임분은 낙엽활엽수인 서어나무를 우점으로 하는 군집에서 종가시나무, 구실잣밤나무 등의 상록활엽수를 우점으로 하는 군집으로 진행되는 천이단계에 있었으며, 황칠나무는 이들 임분에서 주로 상층의 아우점종이거나 중층의 우점종으로 나타났다. Morisita's index를 통한 공간분포는 치수(seedling)와 어린개체 (sapling)들은 대체로 모수로서 추정되는 성숙목으로부터 떨어진 곳에 집중분포하는 경향을 보였으나, 성숙목(Mature tree)은 규칙 분포하는 양상이었다. 결론적으로, 황칠나무는 다른 상록활엽 수들과 동반하여 집단 확산이 일어나며 , 집단의 확산을 위한 치수의 발생과 생장에 있어서 주변의 임분구조에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 개체군의 동태를 예측한 결과, 낮은 직경급의 밀도가 높고 높은 직경 급의 밀도가 낮은 전형적인 역J자형 분포를 보였다.

Having the Seorak mountain National Park as an object of study, this research grasps the problems of the present environmental observatories through the awareness investigations of visitors towards the function of environmental observatories made by the evironmental education. In order to achieve this, a questionaire has been conducted for 26 days, starting from the 25th October 2002, directed towards 100 visitors to the Seorak mountain National Park about the maps and degree of satisfaction of the usage ofthe environment observatory and explanation program. The results of the analysis show that general satisfaction on the environmental observatories are valued very negatively. This informs us that the present environmental observatories under the environment education are not fullfilling entirely their functions. Supporting itself upon the basis of the visitors' questionaire, this research has attempted the resolution of the present problems having as an object of study the scenery and cultural resources present in the Seorak mountain National Park, and proposing an entertaining environmental education of the environment observatory’s constitution.

In this research, we have performed a T-test to see how the relationship between dependent variable or visual point level and independent variable or visual quantity is in order to clear up the correlation between pattern of visual point and visual quantity by the constituents of a view from a different visual point level and the results are as follows: 1) In case of the character of Mt.Uam landscape of the city, Uamsan is set as a fixed point and about a direction of view(D), the north is a datum point from which the range of direction is distributed within 180° westwardly and the visual range(R) is also within 2000m. An elevation is an average of 7.4° and the average story of the buildings is 3.85. Here the height of a story is about 4m so the average of the visual point difference is estimated at 15.4m. 2) The type of visual point is divided into the intersection group and the front of the highly used public buildings group. Double intersection types account for about 78.8%(52 spots) which forms a majority part of LCP. 3) The analysis of the difference of visual point level divided by eye level and that of the top of the buildings has been proved that there's a sharp difference resulted from t-test at 1% significant level. The significant difference of elevation from height difference(15.93m), however, has not been shown. 4) From the result of T-test about visual quantity by the elements of a view from a different visual point level, the visual quantity of mountain(VQM), sky(VQS), ground(VQG) is significant at about 1% each and that of building(VQB) is at about 5%. The difference in visual quantity of a mountain by the visual point level is at about 4% which can meet a marginal level of LCP necessary for evaluation of mountainscape.