The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic neural mobilization program on the changes in muscle activity and nerve conduction velocity (NVC) in stroke patients. The participants were sampled and randomly divided into experimental group I (n=12) who underwent arm neural mobilization and experimental group II (n=13) who underwent arm dynamic neural mobilization. As the pretest, peripheral NVC of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves were measured using the Viking Quest; the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi radialis activities were measured with sEMG. Each intervention program consisted of 10 trials per set and three sets per session. The intervention programs were performed once daily for four weeks (four days/week). Posttest measurements were taken equally as the pretest measurements. Significant differences in peripheral NVC in all sections of the radial and median nerves and wristbelow elbow and below elbow-above elbow areas of the ulnar nerve, as well as in muscle activity of all muscles except the biceps brachii. These findings indicate that dynamic neural mobilization was effective in increasing peripheral NVC and altering the muscle activity.

Doxorubicin has been used to treating cancers, including breast cancer, bladder cancer, and acute lymphocytic leukemia, however, few studies have investigated its anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we used mouse spleen cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a representative inflammatory agent to investigate the effects of doxorubicin. Specially, we investigated the effects of doxorubicin on metabolic activity, cell size, cell death, and cytokine production of LPS-treated spleen cells. Doxorubicin significantly decreased the metabolic activity, even when applied at relatively low concentrations (1.6-8 ng/mL). To investigate the potential mechanism, we measured the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the LPS-treated spleen cells using Rhodamine 123. Doxorubicin decreased MMP and cell size, and induced cell death. Furthermore, doxorubicin suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a representative cytokine, in LPS-treated spleen cells. Taken together, doxorubicin decreased metabolic activity and the production of inflammatory cytokines, while increasing the death of LPS-induced hyperactivated spleen cells. This results will enable broader application of doxorubicin, as an anti-inflammatory agent, in clinical and research fields.

본 연구는 국민건강보험공단의 장애와 건강통계 자료를 분석하여 장애인 건강검진 수검률을 살펴보고 건강검진에 따른 문제점과 향후 개선방안을 제시하고 건강검진 문진조사 결과를 바탕으로 장애인의 건강관리 형태 등을 소고하고자 한다. 연구대상은 장애인복지법 제2조에 따른 신체적, 정신적 장애로 오랫동안 일상생활이나 사회생활에서 제약을 받고, 2015. 12. 31. 기준 등록한 장애인2,479,080명중 건강검진과 건강형태 조사에 참여한 장애인으로 한정하여 정책적 의견을 제시하였다. 결론으로 장애인 건강검진은 첫째, 장애인에 적합한 건강검진 서비스를 준비하기 위해서는 장애인 당사자들의 의견이 필요할 것이다. 둘째, 장애유형 및 중증도별 건강검진 항목 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 장애 인건강검진 의료장비 및 편의시설에 대하여 고민해 보아야 할 것이다. 넷째, 서비스 제공자에 대한 인력확보와 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 다섯째, 장애인의 이동권을 확보할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. 장애인의 건강형태는 첫째, 장애인 건강증진을 위한 각 영역별 전문가 협의체를 구성하여야 할 것이다. 둘째 장애인 건강증진 프로그램과 이를 운영하는 시설 현황분석이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 장애인건강권 및 의료접근성 보장에 관한 법률에 나와 있는 중앙장애인 보건의료센터에서 장애유형 및 중증도별 표준화된 건강증진 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 지금까지 장애인 건강검진과 건강형태에 대한 내용을 살펴보고 이에 따른 정책적 의견을 제시하였다. 따라서 향후 연구로 본 연구에서 제시하고 있는 과제를 바탕으로 세부적인 연구들이 추진되길 바라며 장애인의 건강과 관련된 프로그램의 인과관계가 지속적으로 밝혀져야 할 것이다.

This paper defines the common features of synbiotics based on the definition of probiotics and prebiotics, and reviews the effectiveness of synbiotic food. The concept of synbiotics is defined as ‘a mixture of prebiotics and probiotics that have a beneficial effect on the host, as a dietary supplement that alters living organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and improves their survival.’ Synbiotic food contains ingredients with beneficial microbes that are expected to improve interactions between microbial and useful substances. Synbiotic foods may have anti-cancer and immune system-boosting effects. Improved digestion, healthier bowel movements, and overall increased intestinal health has been reported were reported after increasing the healthy microorganisms within the intestinal tract. In addition, depending on the type of food containing the symbiotic ingredients, more consistent weight control, improvement of cardiovascular health, and lower blood glucose levels may also be expected. Unlike previous studies, this review of synbiotics has shown that it is necessary for synergistic effects to take place among microorganisms and components to be further studied. Further research is needed on the safety and ingestion of microorganisms contained in synbiotics.

This study examined the quality characteristics and anti-oral microbial activity of bamboo leaf jelly prepared with different 5 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis) leaf extract. The sugar contents of bamboo leaf jelly were increased significantly by increasing the level of bamboo leaf extract. The luminance and Hunter’s a values of the jelly samples increased with increasing bamboo leaf extract, but the 40% bamboo leaf jelly had the lowest Hunter’s b values. The hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness increased significantly with increasing bamboo leaf extract. Among the mechanical properties, only the flavor of the jelly with 30 and 40% bamboo leaf extract were increased significantly. The extract of bamboo leaves had strong antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobriuns, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia at a concentration of 40%. These results suggest that bamboo leaf extract can be useful in the production of high quality jelly.

The coupling of two semiconducting materials is an efficient method to improve photocatalytic activity via the suppression of recombination of electron-hole pairs. In particular, the coupling between two different phases of TiO2, i.e., anatase and rutile, is particularly attractive for photocatalytic activity improvement of rutile TiO2 because these coupled TiO2 powders can retain the benefits of TiO2, one of the best photocatalysts. In this study, anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized and coupled on the surface of rutile TiO2 powders using a microemulsion method and heat treatment. Triton X-100, as a surfactant, is used to suppress the aggregation of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and disperse anatase TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly on the surface of rutile TiO2 powders. Rutile TiO2 powders coupled with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are successfully prepared. Additionally, we compare the photocatalytic activity of these rutile-anatase coupled TiO2 powders under ultraviolet (UV) light and demonstrate that the reason for the improvement of photocatalytic activity is microstructural.

This study was to investigate the optimal condition of mixture ratio for development of functional food ingredient from Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran. First, oBrix was measured along with extraction time. Five kinds of mixtures of Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) were extracted in 95oC water over a one-hour period and the extraction yield was evaluated. We further evaluated β-glucan content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. As a result, both Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran showed a constant oBrix after 45 minutes of extraction time. The content of β-glucan was highest in the Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran mixture with a ratio of 3:7. As the ratio of rice bran increased in all mixtures, the antioxidant capacity also increased. In conclusion, to create a functional food ingredient the optimal mixing ratio of Sarcodon aspratus to rice bran is 3:7.

본 연구에서는 시설재배와 토경(매립) 복령의 성분 분석 및 생리활성 비교를 위해 연구하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과 산소가 45~46%로 가장 많이 포함하고 있었으며 다음으로 39~41%의 탄소, 6.06~6.1% 수소, 0.21~0.22% 질소로 나타났다. 그리고 시험을 실시한 복령 모두에서 황 성분은 발견되지 않았다. 시설 및 토경 재배 복령을 ICP 분석법으로 11종의 무기질을 분석한 결과 S, Fe, Mg, Zn의 함유량은 1년차, 2년차 모두 토경 재배 복령이 시설 재배 복령보다 많았으며 특히 Fe와 Zn의 함유량은 각각 약 3.1~4.9배, 3.6~3.9배 높았다. 50% 에탄올 복령 추출물의 DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거활성과 FRAP 방법을 실행하여 항산화 효과를 알아보았다. 복령 추출물 10 mg/ml의 농도에서 시설 및 토경 재배 복령의 DPPH IC50 값은 1년산 시설 재배(8.601mg/mL), 1년산 토경 재배(12.85mg/mL), 2년산 시설 재배(1.23mg/mL), 2년산 토경 재배(1.18 mg/mL)로 나타났으며 ABTS IC50값은 1년산 시설 재배(15.85mg/mL), 1년산 토경 재배(14.59 mg/mL), 2년산 시설 재배(3.9 mg/mL), 2년산 토경 재배(14.92 mg/mL)로 계산되었다. 연구에 사용한 복령의 항산화 활성은 농도 의존적인 증가를 보였고 2년산 시설 재배 복령이 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. FE-SEM을 이용하여 복령 입자의 초미세구조를 관찰한 결과 샘플간의 뚜렷한 차이점은 발견되지 않았다.

표고 재배용 액체종균 배지조성은 대두박분 배지에 입도가 850 μm이하인 참나무분 0.3% 첨가 시 균사체 건중량이 457 mg으로 다소 높았으며, Laccase 활성도는 참나무분 첨가율별 대두박분 배지에 큰 차이가 없었으나 Cellulase 활성도는 CMC Agar Plate에서 26.4 mm로서 참나무분 첨가율별 대두박분 액체종균 처리구중에서 가장 우수하였다. 액체종균의 통기량이 증가할수록 이산화탄소 발생량이 증가하여 배양 7일째 최대치를 나타내었으며 균사체 건중량은 10일째 3.0g/l로 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 통기량이 증가할수록 이산화탄소 발생량, 균사체 건중량도 증가하였으며 0.6vvm 처리시 배지 증발율이 32%, 균사체 건중량이 3.5g/l로서 우수하였다. 선발된 액체종균을 톱밥 종균과 생산성 비교를 위하여 톱밥재배 봉지배지에 시험한 결과, 액체종균의 생육기간이 톱밥종균에 비해 1일 지연되었으나, 봉지당 유효 개체수와 수량에는 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

Background: The craniocervical flexion (CCF) exercise is one of the effective exercise in correcting forward head posture (FHP). However, some people with FHP achieve CCF with compensatory movements, for example, low cervical flexion using superficial neck flexors such as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. No study has yet investigated whether a dualpressure biofeedback unit (D-PBU) method to prevent low cervical flexion would be helpful in performing pure CCF movement. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the CCF using D-PBU method and the traditional CCF method on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the longus colli muscle (LCM) and the activity of SCM muscle in subjects with FHP. Methods: Twentyfour FHP subjects (male: 16, female: 8) were recruited for this study. All subjects performed CCF using two different methods: The traditional CCF method and the CCF using D-PBU method. The CSA of the LCM was measured via ultrasound, and surface electromyography was used to measure SCM muscle activity. Results: The change in CSA of the LCM was significantly larger during the CCF using D-PBU method (1.28±.09) compared with the traditional CCF method (1.19±.08) (p<.05). The SCM muscle activity using the CCF using D-PBU method (2.01±1.97 %MVIC) was significantly lower than when using the traditional CCF method (2.79±2.32 %MVIC) (p<.05). Conclusion: The CCF using D-PBU method can be recommended for increasing LCM activation and decreasing SCM muscle activity during CCF movement in subjects with FHP.

This study was to demonstrate the comparison of immunological activity between vegetable soup made by fresh and extruded radish in in-vitro (bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, and mouse splenocytes) and invivo models. In cell survival tests, extruded radish added to vegetable soup (EVS) and non-extruded radish added to vegetable soup powder (NEVS) were treated with bone-marrow derived macrophages, dendritic cells, and mouse splenocytes, and showed no cytotoxic effect at a dose below 1000 μg/mL. EVS treated cells had greater cell proliferation and cytokine [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-2, interferon (INF)-γ] production when compared to the NEVS treated group. Cell surface marker (CD 80/86, MHC class I/II) expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells was evenly increased in the EVS treated group. In in-vivo study, administration of EVS increased for the CD4 and CD8 T cell population in splenocyte and cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α) but not Th2 type cytokines (IL-4). Therefore, adding the extruded radish is a more effective method for vegetable soup to increase immunological activity against immune cells.