목 적: 국내에 유통되고 있는 안경렌즈에 대하여 ISO 국제 규정에 준하여 광학적 특성에 대한 품질을 검 토하고 현행 기준 규정에 미비점이 있다면 보완할 점을 제시하고자 한다. 방 법: 국내에서 유통되는 3개사(국산 2개사와 수입 1개사)의 단초점렌즈, 이중초점렌즈 그리고 누진굴 절력렌즈 총 356개를 선정하여 구면굴절력, 원주굴절력과 축 그리고 가입도 굴절력을 ISO 국제 규정을 적용 하여 평가하였다. 결 과: 단초점렌즈는 대부분 적합판정을 받아 우수한 것으로 평가되었으나 이중초점렌즈는 15%가 원용 부 굴절력의 오차가 허용기준을 벗어나는 것으로 나타났다. 누진굴절력렌즈는 굴절력 1개와 원주축 3개, 가 입도 2개에서 허용오차를 벗어났다. 결 론: 국내 유통렌즈의 품질은 비교적 우수하였으나, 일부에서 광학적 특성의 개선이 요구되고 국제 규 정에 적합한 규격을 의무적으로 표시할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

We report on the effects of TiO2 doping power on the characteristics of multicomponent TiO2-ITO (TITO) electrodes prepared by a multi-target sputtering system with tilted cathode guns. Both as-deposited and annealed TITO electrodes showed linearly increased sheet resistance and resistivity with increasing TiO2 doping power. However, the TITO electrodes exhibited a fairly high optical transmittance regardless of the TiO2 doping power due to the high transparency of the TiO2. Although the annealed TITO showed much lower sheet resistance and resistivity relative to the as-deposited samples, the electrical properties of the annealed samples exhibited similar dependence on the TiO2 power to the as-deposited samples. In addition, it was found that doping of an anatase TiO2 in the ITO electrode prevented the preferred (222) orientation of the TITO electrodes. Although the TITO electrode showed higher sheet resistance and resistivity than that of the pure ITO electrode, it offers a very smooth surface and usage of a low-cost Ti element. It is thus considered a promising multicomponent transparent conducting electrode for cost-efficient flat panel displays and photovoltatics.

Glass was fabricated using refused coal ore obtained from the Dogye coal mine in Samcheok. We additionally used soda ash and calcium carbonate to make a glass with the chemical composition of soda-lime glass, and we also used white, brown, and green glass cullet to make various kinds of colored glass. Transparent glass was fabricated by melting batch materials including refused coal ore at 1550˚C for 1 hr in an electrical furnace. The light transmittance and color chromaticity were measured by a UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer. Transparent glass with a light transmittance of over 80% was fabricated using normal refused coal ore and white glass cullet. Various kinds of colored glass with a light transmittance of 30-80% were fabricated using refused coal ore and brown or green glass cullet. The light transmittance of the mixed color glass samples, fabricated using normal refused coal ore and brown glass cullet and green glass cullet, indicated 30-47%, a relatively low value, in the condition of a cullet ratio of 20-50%. The characteristics of the color chromaticity of the glass samples were indicated in a chromaticity diagram by x-coordinates, y-coordinates, Y (lightness). The values of x-coordinates and y-coordinates were moved with a regular directional property according to the kind and amount of glass cullet. Therefore, we concluded that refused coal ore can be used for raw materials of color glass products like art glass and glass tile.

Mo thin films were used for the back electrode because of the low resistivity in the Mo/CuInGaSe2 contact inchalcopyrite solar cells. 1µm thick Mo thin films were deposited on soda lime glass by varying the Ar pressure with the dc-magnetron sputtering process. The effects of the Ar pressure on the morphology of the Mo back electrode were studied andthe relationships between the morphology and electro-optical properties, namely, the resistivity as well as the reflectance of theMo thin films, were investigated. The resitivity increased from 24µΩ·cm to 11833µΩ·cm; this was caused by the increasedsurface defect and low crystallinity as the Ar pressure increased from 3×10−3 to 3×10−2Torr. The surface morphologies ofthe Mo thin films changed from somewhat coarse fibrous structures to irregular and fine celled strucutures with increased surfacecracks along the cell boundaries, as the Ar pressure increased from 3×10−3 to 3×10−2Torr. The changes of reflectances in thevisible light range with Ar pressures were mainly attributed to the surface morphological changes of the Mo thin films. Thereflectance in the visible light range showed the highest value of 45% at 3×10−3Torr and decreased to 18.5% at 3×10−2Torr.

In this study, we fabricated a polymer light emitting diode (PLED) and investigated its electrical and optical characteristics in order to examine the effects of the PFO [poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2-7-diyl) end capped with N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-4-aniline] concentrations in the emission layer (EML). The PFO polymer was dissolved in toluene ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 wt%, and then spin-coated. To verify the influence of the TPBI [2,2',2"-(1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole)]electron transport layer, TPBI small molecules were deposited by thermal evaporation. The current density, luminance, wavelength and current efficiency characteristics of the prepared PLED devices with and without TPBI layer at various PFO concentrations were measured and compared. The luminance and current efficiency of the PLED devices without TPBI layer were increased, from 117 to 553 cd/m2 and from 0.015 to 0.110 cd/A, as the PFO concentration increased from 0.2 to 1.0 wt%. For the PLED devices with TPBI layer, the luminance and current efficiency were 1724 cd/m2 and 0.501 cd/A at 1.0 wt% PFO concentration. The CIE color coordinators of the PLED device with TPBI layer at 1.0 wt% PFO concentration showed a more pure blue color compared with the one without TPBI, and the CIE values varied from (x, y) = (0.21, 0.23) to (x, y) = (0.16, 0.11).

Optical characteristics and structural changes depending on CuO content in phosphate glasses that are used in near-infrared (near-IR) filters were investigated. With phosphate glasses that contain 1-9 mol% CuO, changes in optical transmittance, optical absorption, and color coordinate were measured with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. An XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis was performed to determine valence of copper ion that influences optical characteristics in near-IR filter glasses. Structural changes in glasses depending on CuO content were also analyzed by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) and Raman spectrophotometers. From the UV-VIS spectrophotometer results, strong absorption peaks at 220 & 900 nm were found and transmittance was decreased. The color coordinates of the glasses were shifted to the green color direction with CuO addition for increasing absorption of long wavelength range spectra, in spite of the amount of Cu2+, which gives a blue color to glasses, and which was increased in XPS results. Also, structural de-polymerization of glasses with CuO addition were found by FT-IR and Raman results.

In this study, we analyzed the effect of silicon oxynitride matrix on the optical properties of Au nanoparticles dispersed on composite film and explored the effectiveness of the silicon in fine tuning the refractive index of the composite film for applications in optical waveguide devices. The atomic fraction of nitrogen in SiOxNy films was controlled by varying the relative flow ratio of nitrogen gas in reactive sputtering and was evaluated optically using an effective medium theory with Bruggeman geometry consisting of a random mixture between SiO2 and Si3N4. The Au nanoparticles were embedded in the SiOxNy matrix by employing the alternating deposition technique and clearly showed an absorption peak due to the excitation of surface plasmon. With increasing nitrogen atomic fraction in the matrix, the surface plasmon resonance wavelength shifted to a longer wavelength (a red-shift) with an enhanced resonance absorption. These characteristics were interpreted using the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory. The formation of a guided mode in a slab waveguide consisting of 3 μm thick Au:SiOxNy nanocomposite film was confirmed at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm by prism coupler method and compared with the case of using SiO2 matrix. The use of SiOxNy matrix provides an effective way of controlling the mode confinement while maintaining or even enhancing the surface plasmon resonance properties.

Heck coupling 반응을 이용해서 poly{2-[2-(2,5-bis-dodecyloxy-4-propenyl-phenyl)-vinyl]- 7-methyl-fluoren-9-one(PFone), poly{2-[2-(2,5-bis-dodecyloxy-4-propenyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-7-methyl-fluoren-9-ylidene}-malonitrile(PF2CN)을 합성하였다. 합성한 중합체의 광학적, 전기화학적 특성을 흡수, 형광분광법 및 cyclic voltammetry(CV)를 통해 확인하였다. PFone과 PF2CN 필름의 흡수 극대치는 410 nm과 410.5 nm에서 나타났다. PFone 및 PF2CN의 최대 발광파장은 각각 633과 635nm로 나타났다. PFone과 PF2CN의 band gap은 각각 2.06eV 과 2.36eV이고 CV를 통해 측정한 LUMO 에너지 준위는 -3.36eV 와 -3.46eV로 나타났다.

PAQ(poly-2-[2-(2,5-Bis-dodecyloxy-4-vinyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-anthraquinone)과 PAN4CN(poly- 2-{2-[2-(2,5-Bis-dodecyloxy-4-vinyl-phenyl)vinyl]-10-dicyanomethylene-10H-anthracen-9-ylidene}-malononitrile)을 Heck coupling reaction을 이용하여 합성하였다. 합성한 중합체의 전기적, 광학적 특성은 UV-visible spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra 및 cyclic voltammetry 측정을 통해 확인하였다. 흡수 스펙트라 측정 결과, thin film에서의 흡수극대치는 PAQ 와 PAN4CN은 334nm에서 나타났고, 용액에서는 PAQ 338nm, PAN4CN은 336nm 나타났다. 발광 극대치의 측정결과 PAQ는 thin film에서 420nm와 용액상에서는 416nm, PAN4CN은 thin film에서 395nm와 용액에서는 550nm로 각각 나타났다. PAQ과 PAN4CN의 band gap은 각각 2.16 eV, 2.04 eV이고 CV를 통해 LUMO 준위는 -3.64eV, -3.52eV로 나타났다.

Thin films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with various thicknesses were fabricated, and their optical andelectrical properties were investigated. The SWNTs of various thicknesses were directly coated in the arc-discharge chamberduring the synthesis and then thermally and chemically purified. The crystalline quality of the SWNTs was improved by thepurification processes as determined by Raman spectroscopy measurements. The resistance of the film is the lowest for thechemically purified SWNTs. The resistance vs. thickness measurements reveal the percolation thickness of the SWNT film tobe ~50nm. Optical absorption coefficient due to Beer-Lambert is estimated to be 7.1×10-2nm-1. The film thickness for 80%transparency is about 32nm, and the sheet resistance is 242Ω/sq. The authors also confirmed the relation between electricalconductance and optical conductance with very good reliability by measuring the resistance and transparency measurements.

This study is experimentally to analyze the heat transfer characteristics and photographic observation of bubble generation in saturated nucleate pool boiling. The photographs were taken of water boiling from heated nickel wires. The attempts is made to explain the different nucleate boiling of water. Some of the bubbles photographed were very close to the spherical shape, while others were close to the hemispherical. Also, a number of bubble had intermediate shapes that were called oblate bubbles. At least, heat transfer regions of three and possibly four were found to exist in nucleate boiling depended upon the mode of vapor generation. The vapor structure on the surface progressed through a sequence of first discrete bubbles, then vapor columns and vapor mushrooms, and finally vapor paths, as the surface temperature was increased. These individual vapor structures or combinations of them determine the mechanism of heat transfer in the four nucleate boiling regions.

Mg-doped and In-Mg co-doped p-type GaN epilayers were grown in a low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique. The effect of In doping on the p-GaN layer was studied through photoluminescence (PL), persistent photoconductivity (PPC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at room temperature. For the In-doped p-GaN layer, the PL intensity increases significantly and the peak position shifts to 3.2 eV from 2.95 eV of conventional p-GaN. Additionally, In doping greatly reduces the PPC, which was very strong in conventional p-GaN. A reduction in the dislocation density is also evidenced upon In doping in p-GaN according to TEM images. The improved optical properties of the In-doped p-GaN layer are attributed to the high crystalline quality and to the active participation of incorporated Mg atoms.

The effects of an addition of ZrO2 on the microstructure and electrical properties of MgO films as a protective layer for AC plasma display panels were investigated. MgO + a 200 ppm ZrO2 protective layer prepared by e-beam evaporation exhibited a secondary electron emission coefficient (γ) that was improved by 21% compared to that of a pure MgO protective layer. The relative density and Vickers hardness increased with a further addition of ZrO2. These results suggest that the discharge properties and optical properties of MgO protective layers are closely related to the relative density and Vickers hardness. The good optical and electrical properties of γ, at 0.080, a grain size of 19 μm and an optical transmittance of 91.93 % were obtained for the MgO + 200 ppm ZrO2 protective layer sintered at 1700˚C for 5 hrs.

진해만에서 분리한 중심목 규조류 S. costatum의 성장에 영향을 미치는 광량과 파장을 알기 위해 실내 실험을 수행하였다. 수온 20℃와 염분 30 psu의 환경조건에서 광량과 성장의 관계식은 μ=1.17 (I-5.25)/(I+81.8), (r=0.98)로 최대 성장속도는 1.17 day-1, 반포화광량(Ks)은 92.4 μmol photons m-2s-1 그리고 보상광량(I0)은

Suzuki coupling reaction으로 poly(10-hexylphenothiazine-3,7-diyl)(PT)을 합성하였고, Heck coupling reaction으로 poly(10-hexylphenothiazine-3,7-divinyl)(PTV)와 poly(10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazine-(2,5-bis(decyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene))(PTPPV)를 각각 중합하였다. 합성한 중합체의 전기적, 광학적 특성은 UV-vis spectra, PL spectra 및 cyclic voltammetry 측정을 통해 확인하였다. 흡수 스펙트라 측정 결과, 공중합체의 π-π* 전이가 관찰되었으며 thin film에서의 PT의 흡수 극대치는 285nm, PTV의 경우에는 309nm, PTPPV의 경우에는 443nm에서 나타났다. 박막계의 PT는 흡수 극대파장으로 여기하였을 때, 477nm에서 발광극대치를 나타내었고, PTV는 523nm, PTPPV는 556nm인 green 영역의 발광이 관측되었다. Cyclic voltammetry 측정으로부터 PTPPV는 가장 작은 band gap을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, PT에 비해 LUMO 준위가 낮게 관측되어 음극으로부터 전자 주입이 가장 쉽게 일어나는 것으로 나타났다.