It is well known that oral pathology is an essential bridge between basic and clinical science in dental field. Although oral pathology has been introduced to Korean dental science since 1945, there is not yet presented about oral pathologic history. The purpose of this study were to summarize and to introduce Korean oral pathologic history in serial form for Korean oral pathologist.

동석기는 특이한 이력을 소유한 인물로 하와이 사탕수수밭 노동자로 노동이민을 가서 성실한 면을 인정받아 공부를 한 후 북감리교회 목사, Christian Church(그리스도의 교회, 유악기) 목사, Church of Christ(그리스도의 교회, 무악기) 전도자(환원운동가), 독립운동가(민족주의자)로 활동하였던 지도자였다.본 연구는 한국교회에 아직도 생소하게 느끼고 있거나 혹 이단은 아닌지 생각하는 그리스도인들이 있을 정도인 그리스도의 교회운동 즉 환원운동을 소개하고자 하는 목적을 가지고 시작된 연구이다. 환원운동은 성서로 돌아가자(성서권위회복운동), 초대교회로 돌아가자(원형의 교회 회복운동), 그리스도의 교회로 일치를 이루자(교회일치운동)는 운동을 말한다. 그러나 본 연구가 한 교파를 소개한다는 오해가 있을 수도 있으나 오늘처럼 혼탁한 교파주의와 비성서적 교회들에게는 광야의 외침이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.동석기의 헌신으로 미국 워싱톤교회 장로회의 결정에 의해 한국에 선교사들이 입국하여 체계적인 선교를 하였다. 또한 미국 오토크릭교회로 하여금 그리스도대학교 부지구입비, 건물 건축비, 학교운영비를 부담하도록 하는데 공을 세웠다. 그리고 동석기의 환원운동에 매료된 강명석, 강순명, 장성만 같은 인물들이 합류하여 환원운동과 그리스도의 교회를 확산시켰다.

구글 어스를 비롯한 인터넷 지도와 세계적인 지명관련 데이터베이스인 미국의 NGA의 GEONet지명 서버 같은 경우 정작 지명 사용자인 현지의 한국인이 이해하지 못하는 서양식 지명이 많이 발견된다. 특히 이러한 서양식 지명은 해안지명과 해저지명에 가장 흔하게 발견되고 있다. 그 지명들의 역사적인 유래를 정확히 파악할 수 있다면, 지명표준화라는 측면에서 오류 지명을 시정하고 정확한 지명이 사용될 수 있도록 할 수 있다는 점에서 매우 중요하다. 실제 18세기부터 한국해역에 자주 출몰한 서양 선박들은 통상을 요구하거나 선교의 자유를 요구하거나 아니면 단순히 포경을 비롯한 어업활동을 위해 한반도 해역을 통과하면서 언어의 장벽과 정부의 쇄금정책에 의해 현지지명을 알 수 없었고, 이러한 이유로 그들의 해도에 자신들의 명명방식에 따라 서양 명칭을 부여한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서 깊이 다루지 못한 러시아, 네덜란드 및 미국의 역할에 대한 연구가 더 이루어질 필요가 있다.

This study examined the historical changes in Jeon. The Korean dictionary was analyzed to analyze the modern definition of Jeon. To investigate the change in the type and cooking methods of Jeon, 36 cookbooks from the late 1800s to 1999 were analyzed. The cooking method for Jeon, such as the ingredient, quantity and how to cooking were presented systematically since 1935. The main ingredients of jeon in modern cookbooks are seafood 36.0%, vegetables 30.2% and meat 20.3%. Jeon made with seafood or vegetables, chopped meat put in each main ingredient or meatballs with minced meat, etc. meat was used to make Jeon in a variety of ways. The cooking method for Jeon in a frying pan is the most basic method. After trimmed materials, adding flour, eggs and oil are the most common way. Making dough with grain flour or ground potatoes, green beans, legumes, etc., and mixing the ingredients in a pan-frying methods appeared to be under the influence of other countries recipes. Modern food culture, introducing new ingredients and cookware, has changed. As a result, jeon cooking methods and the application of the material have varied. The type of jeon and cooking methods are expected to increase further and become more diverse.

It is well known that oral pathology is an essential bridge between basic and clinical science in dental field. Although oral pathology has been introduced to Korean dental science since 1945, there is not yet presented about oral pathologic history. The purpose of this study was to summarize and to introduce Korean oral pathologic history in serial form for Korean oral pathologist.

 ,  , The Korean Society of Applied Entomology (KSAE) celebrates its First 50 years history this year, 2011. It began in the year 1962, as the Korean Society of Plant Protection (KSPP) to discuss all aspects of plant protection including entomology and plant pathology. At that time it was one of the earliest scientific ones among agricultural societies in Korea. Before liberation from the Japanese colonial rule there were a few scientific societies for Japanese scientists only in the Korean Peninsula. It seemed that there was a single exception, in medical field, formed by and operated for Korean ethnics. Right after the liberation, Korean scientists rushed to form new scientific societies in the fields of mechanical engineering, architecture, textile, internal medicine, biology, etc. in 1945, mathematics, chemistry, metallurgy, etc. in 1946, and so on. But agricultural scientists had to wait for more time before setting up their own scientific society, Korean Agricultural Society(韓國農學會), comprising all agricultural subfields, in 1954. They had annual meetings and published their own journal every year until 1962. Then those working in the plant protection field established their own KSPP, right after their section meeting in 1962. At that time the total number of participants for KSPP were only around 50. KSPP scientists were interested in plant pathology, agricultural chemicals, weed science, or bioclimate, besides entomology. They had annual meetings once or twice a year until 1987 and published their own journal, Korean Journal of Plant Protection (KJPP), once a year at the earlier years but soon gradually increasing the frequency to four times a year later. Articles on entomology and plant pathology occupied about 40% each, but the number of oral or posters were a little bit higher on plant pathology than entomology, with the rest on nematology, agricultural chemicals, or soil microarthropods. There also had a number of symposia and special lectures. The presidentship lasted for two years and most of president served only one term, except for the first two. The current president should be 28<, SUP>, th<, /SUP>, .

이현필은 호남의 그리스도교 신비주의자요 성자로 알려진 이세종, 최흥종, 강순명의 영향을 입고 ‘예수를 잘 믿기 위한 순수 신앙 운동’을 위해 수도원 공동체를 한국에 최초로 설립한 그리스도교 수도원운동의 선구자이다. 그가 설립한 동광원은 ‘예수를 닮아 예수처럼 살아보자’는 순수 신앙운동을 하는 공동체로서 어느 교파에도 소속하지 않고 독자적으로 운영되고 있다. 그런데 제자들이 자신을 우상화 하면서 고기와 약을 먹지 않는 자신의 행위를 동광원의 계율로 만들어 율법이 되어버린 일이 발생하였다. 이에 예수보다 자신이 높아진 역적이라고 선언하면서 스스로 생선국물을 마시고 병원에 입원하여 치료를 받음으로 예수의 보혈만이 구원을 가져온다는 것을 몸소 보여주면서 율법주의에서 벗어나는 길을 제시해 준 지도자였다. 이렇게 살았던 이현필을 당시 한국교회는 이단이라고 정죄하였는데, 그 근거는 그의 강론을 들은 교인들이 교회를 이탈하므로 교세가 약해지자 목회자들이 퍼트린 유언비어에 기인한다. 즉 성서적인 문제가 아닌 기득권 세력의 횡포, 당시 교회들이 받아들일 수 없는 신비주의 영성과 철저한 금욕주의적인 삶, 호남 신비주의 선구자인 이세종의 제자라는 이유 때문에 비주류 세력으로 보는 오해 때문이었다. 끝으로 강조하고 싶은 것은 이현필의 순수 신앙운동은 한국교회사 특히 호남교회사에서 소홀히 다룰 수 없는 중요한 운동이라는 점이다. 그러므로 한국교회가 개혁과 갱신의 방향을 이현필의 교회관, 순수 신앙운동의 정신, 더 나아가 그의 신비주의 영성에서 찾아야 초대교회와 같은 순수성을 회복 할 수 있다고 제언하고 싶다. 특히 이현필의 순수 신앙운동의 정신인 ‘예수를 닮아 예수처럼 살자’는 주장은 한국교회에 ‘제자도’를 소개한 옥한흠의 제자훈련 모토와 맥을 같이한다고 보면서 이 부분에 대한 연구의 필요성을 제기하고 싶다.

The purpose of this paper was to research the history of Korean restaurants in Manhattan, NY in the 1960's-1970's. These Korean restaurants were the pioneers in the globalization of Korean food. It is assumed that 'Mi Cin' was the first Korean restaurant in Manhattan and opened on March 1st, 1960. In the 1960's, it is estimated that there were four Korean restaurants in Manhattan. In the 1970's, the number of Korean restaurants increased to more than 18, and their main menu items were divided into three types: Korean fusion menu such as 'Lunch Special' for American customers, beef barbecue menu for American and Korean customers, and Korean traditional menu for increasing Korean immigrants.

Since physical therapy was first introduced in Korea, it has been 50 years past and Korean physical therapy has made rapid progress. However, history or educational system of Korean physical therapy is still not known worldwide. Now, for Korean physical therapy to go beyond Asia and leap toward the world, endless studies, efforts and publicity are required. Korean physical therapy first began by missionaries dispatched from other countries like America and Canada with Korean War, which occurred in 1950. After the War, Korean Physical Therapy is devel˗ oped very fast. Korean Physical Therapy Association was founded in October 1, 1965 and many physical therapist were discharged. Korea became a full member of World Confederation of Physical Therapy(WCPT) in 1974, and held the 2nd Asia Pacific Confederation of Physical Therapy assembly in 1984 and WCPT assembly in 2005. Today, in 2010, licensed physical therapists are about 35,000 and there are physical therapy departments in 74 universities, and 17 uni˗ versities have master's or doctor's degree courses. And there are many academic journals(more than 10) related to physical therapy that are published. Many Korean physical therapists are working at various countries like America or Australia, and are acknowledged with excellent treatment technology and academic studies. This thesis aims to shed new light to the history and educational system reorganization of Korean phys˗ ical therapy and introduce it to the world, and establish the historical foundation to develop Korean physical therapy into the international level.

Human races have used various heating methods, since fire was founded in the world. It is very the important work to trace the history of Ondol, which originated and developed in the Korean peninsula. Especially, the study on ancient Ondol would contribute to improving the present heating methods and predicting future ones. In this paper, we shall study through the analysis of documents such as oriental ancient documents, the document of Choseon dynasty, Europe documents and American documents. In order to discover the origins of Ondol as one of the excellent heating method all over the world, This study aims at identifying the history of Ondol and characteristics in the Korean peninsula, through document analysis. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The first record about Ondol is related to Ondol at Kwankyesa in the border land between Gogooryo and the northeast of China. 2) Ondol built in the period of Balhae dynasty had single flue(Hanjool Gorae) and double flue(Doojool Gorae). 3) The overspreading of Ondol made the quality of Ondol poor in the last of Choseon dynasty. 4) If the layout of Bulmok had been poor, it might have caused the backflow of fire. 5) Korean Ondol has been used as a heating method for a long time and the period is longer than that of the west.

Since the introduction of Christianity in Korea, there has been a remarkable growth in the number of church members, despite its short history in the country. Subsequently, numerous churches have been and still are being founded in Korea, most of them being relatively new. Nevertheless, theological research conducted on the issue of ‘Church Planting’ has been not very fruitful. However, Peter Wagner began teaching about ‘Church Planting’ at the Fuller Theological Seminary in the USA from the end of the 1970s, which influenced Korean scholars in Korea. Due to his influence, many Korean scholars also started to study the topic of ‘Church Planting’ in Korea since the 1990s. Fortunately, since then, many Korean scholars have studied ‘Church Planting‘ in varieties of diverse ways in order to make the Korean Church stronger. When I look at context of the Korean Church nowadays, I get the impression that the foundation of new churches will carry on continuously. Moreover, ‘Church Planting’ has to occur throughout time, for the completion of the mission which was given to us by Jesus Christ. Therefore, it is my hope that theological research on ‘Church Planting‘ would continue to grow and become more successful in the future. In my study, I will research the relationship of the development of churches throughout time, from when they were first set up. My research will give good directions in order to create a strong church heading, thus be useful to show how to set up a strong, new church in Korea. First of all, in my study, I studied the meaning and necessity of ‘Church Planting’ in the Korean Church in Chapter II, followed by the introduction in Chapter I. I divided the form of ‘Church Planting’ in the Korean Church from the subject of church planting in Chapter III. In chapter IV, I subdivided the four forms of ‘Church Planting’ through each of the times, and I looked at the diverse characteristics of ‘Church Planting’ in the history of the Korean Church.

This study tries to analyze the development of architectural technologies appeared in several tall buildings and large spatial structures from 1955 to 1999 in Korea. We suppose that these buildings represent the development of technology in Korean modern architecture. By the detailed analysis of these buildings, we can arrive at a conclusion as such; During the years 1955-1999, there existed a great changement in the eighties. We can find this fact very well in the domain of structural system and curtain wall system. In large spatial structures, the structural-system of shell and steel truss dome was replaced by that of space frame, space truss and cable truss with membrane. In tall building, the structural system of rigid frame and shear wall was replaced by tubular system, core and outrigger system. Korean architects introduced the aluminum curtain wall in the sixties, but its low technological level caused many problems in reality. Therefore, precast concrete curtain wall appeared from seventies as the main method for an outer wall in tall building. With the augmentation of height after 1980, PC curtain wall was replaced by the aluminum curtain wall of unit type and structural glass wall system. These systems help to stress the transparency in a tall building.

Owing to the energitic studies of the leading shcolars, some paradigmatic theories on the history of Korean dwellings have been suggested. They constructed periodization of their own and defined characteristics of each period with very limited historical materials. However the new historical materials have been discovered in the neighboring academic fields, which require to review the existing theories. This study aims at restructuring periodization in the history of Korean dwellings during the age of The prehistory and The ancient Kingdomes. Through the study, the existing theories on the same period are revived and evaluated based on the new materials. I suggest a new theory on the periodization and the characteristics of each period: a. the paleolithic period(6,000,000 B.P.-10,000 B.P.) : natural shelter, the emergence of man-made dwellings b. the neolithic period(10,000 B.P.-1,000 B.C.) : construction of pit house c. the bronze period(1,000 B.C.- 300 B.C.) : construction of semi-pit house d. the early metalic period(300 B.C. - 300 AD.) : construction of house on the ground level development of the Ondol system e. the ancient kingdomes period(300 AD - 700 AD): classification of housing type

Korean society is passing through a transitional period of great changes, and the musical community is no exception. Since the conclusion of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations in 1993, competition is everywhere and Koreans are under mounting pressure to get ahead, overcoming new challenges. Like it or not, there is no avoiding the competition in the changing world order, and the Korean musical community must study ways to respond to international trends. This essay is therefore aimed at providing a new approach to the Korean music history to the Korean musicians in order to enhance their historical consciousness. Under the circustance of recent trends for the World Trade Organization(WTO) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Developoment(OECD) in Korean society, the author proposes a suggestion to the music intellegences: what they have to do for the future musical world in Korea. The paper deals with 1) Introduction: the Reason why the History of Korean Music should be Reconsidered, 2) The Acceptance of Foreign Music in Ancient Period, 3) Musical Activities in China and Japan by the Three Kingdoms' Musicians. 4) The Hyangak Tradition in the Koryo˘ and Choso˘n Dynasties. 5) The Distortion of Historical Consciousness during the Japanese Colonial Period, 6.) Conclusion: A Proposal for the Subjectivity of Korean musicians. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the significance of restoring the subjectivity of Korean musicians lost during the Japanese colonial period(1910-1945) and post-liberation period in order to make a contribution to the historical development of Korean music and to participate in international music activities.

The history of vegetable preservation technology by salting and fermentation in Korea was reviewed from the Three Nations Era to the end of Chosun Kingdom, and the development of present day's Kimchi processing technology was traced back by using the classic books as well as recent review papers published in Korea. Although the written record on salting and fermentation of vegetables first appears in a 12th century literature (Dongkukisangkukjib, Gyu-Bo Lee 1168~1241), the use of salted/fermented vegetables could be dated back to the Three Nations Era (B.C. 37~A.D. 668) and even earlier period. The present type of Kimchi was gradually evolved after the introduction of red pepper into Korea in the 17th century. The descriptions on Kimchi fermention appeared in the literatures written in the period of 16th~19th centuries in Korea, Suunjapbang (1500~), Domundaijak (1611), Sasichanyocho (1656), Eumsikdimibang (1670), Chubangmun (1600~), Saekgyung (1676), Yorok (1600~), Sanlimkyungje (1715), Cheungbosanlimkyungje (1766), Kyuhapchongsoe (1800~), Imwonsipyukji (1827), Dongkuksesiki (1849) and Buinpylji (1855~) were reviewed.