Recent studies on enzyme reactions in organic solvents are revived. The reactions are classified into three categories: heterogeneous, biphasic and homogeneous systems. The following subjects are described and discussed about the heterogeneous system. 1) The maximal expression of enzyme activity in organic solvents in terms of water content, hydration of enzyme, and equilibriun of water between enzyme and substrate solution. 2) Solvent effect on the catalytic power of enzyme. 3) Thermostability and thermoreactivity. 4) Applications of the enzyme reactions to synthetic chemistry.

1978년 2월에 소곡주의 시험양조를 행하고 발효과정중의 성분변화와 미생물의 변화를 조사하였다. 밑술의 발효에서 3일만에 젖산균의 최우세미생물이 되고 술덧의 pH는 4.2로 낮아졌다. 그러나 7일에 가서는 최우세미생물이 젖산균에서 효모로 바뀌고, pH는 3.6이 되었으며, 술덧의 당화효소 활성도는 초기의 10에서 3.6으로 줄어들었다. 덧술의 발효과정중 pH와 산도는 큰 변화없이 pH 3.5∼3.7 및 산도 8.0∼8.8을 유지하였다. 20일까지는 에탄올 발효가 왕성하게 진행되었으나 40일 이후에서는 에탄올 18.5%에서 발효가 정지상태를 맞이하면서 발효하지 못한 환원당을 술덧에 남기기 시작했다. 술덧의 당화효소 활성도는 발효말기까지 지속되긴 했지만 너무 미약한 것으로 생각되었다. 60일간 발효기켜 여과한 소곡주 최종제품은 에탄올 18.8%, 환원당 5.0%, 총산 0.44%, 휘발산 0.057%, 아미노산 0.206% 및 extract 7.3%를 함유하였다. 관능 검사에서 소곡주는 시판되는 법주나 청주와 비슷한 수준의 좋은 평가를 받았다. 색은 담황색이고, 누룩의 맛과 냄새가 부드럽게 느껴지며, 신맛이 약간 강하였다.

A microorganism, isolated from soil and designated Pseudomonas sp13, produced two kinds of rhamnolipid in the medium containing glucose as carbon source. There were both rhamnolipid contain L-rhamnose and β-hydroxydecanoic acid. Coumpound A and B elucted chloroform-methanol mixed solution of silicic acid column chromatography and recrystallized from a mixture of ether and n-hexane. Studies on the structure of these products reveled that compound A is L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoic acid and compound B is L-rhamnopyranosyl-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoic acid.

Lipases catalyzed the transesterification reaction between esters and various primary and secondary alcohols in a 99% organic medium, porcine pancreatic, yeast, mold lipases can vigorously act as catalysts in a number of nearly anhydrous organic solvents. Various transesterification reactions catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase in hexane obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The dependence of the catalytic activity of the enzyme in organic media on the pH of the aqueous solution from which it was recovered is bell-shaped, with the maximum coinciding with the pH optimum of the enzymatic activity in water. The catalytic power exhibited by the lipases in organic solvents is comparable to that displayed in water. In addition to transesterification, lipases Can catalyze several other processes in organic media.

Lignocellulose and lignolic compounds were absolutely given much weight in the biosphere, and their degradation was essential for continuous biological carbon circulation, whereas aerobic cellulolytic microorganism dissolved the cellulose into their elements in the first stage, strict anaerobic cellulolytic microorganism`s role was taken a increasing interest through the recent research. It was reviewed that anaerobic microbial degradation process of lignocellulose and its derivatives (celljlose, lignin, oligolignol and monoaromatic compound), and function of anaerobic microorganism on the environmental ecology.

Biosurfactant have a low toxicity, good biodegradable, various structure. It can be used for a broad range of purposes in a large variety of different applications. Sorbitol mono alkyl ester synthesized by the Porcine Pancreatic lipase catalyzes transesterification reaction between a sugar alcohol and plant oils. We are examined the surface tension, emusion stability and critical micelle concentration were evaluated. Consequently It has a good properties of biosurfactant.

담배거세미나방 핵다각체병 바이러스(Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedroses virus: SINPV) 미생물살충제로 개발하기 위하여 기주식물, 온도 보관조건 및 태양광선에 의한 병원성 및 안정성에 대하여 조사하였다. 콩잎에 살포한 SlNPV의 담배거세미나방 3령과 5령 유충에 대한 은 각각 와 였으며 에 대한 은 3령과 5령에 대하여 각각 7.3일파 8.9일이었다. SINPV는 에서 4시간, 에서 1 10분 처리하였을 때 활성이 저하되었으며 처리시간이 길어질수록 급격한 활성감소현상을 보였다. 또한 SINPV는 동결보관이 나 보관보다 안정적인 활성을 유지하였다. 콩잎표변에 살포한 SINPV는 콩잎표변에 살포한 경우 3일 후에 불활화하였으나 콩잎 이면살포에서는 10일간 활성이 지속되었다.