이산화탄소는 온실가스로써 대기 중에 축적되어 지구의 온도를 지속적으로 상승시킨다. 화석 연료 기반의 전력 생산에서 발생되는 이산화탄소는 상당량을 차지하며, 향후 수십 년간 화석연료 의존도 는 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 대기 중으로 배출되는 이산화탄소를 분리하는 기술개발 은 매우 시급하다. 이산화탄소 분리 기술은 크게 전처리, 후처리, 순산소 연소 방식으로 나뉘며, 본 연구 에서는 후처리 제거 공정을 중심으로 제올라이트, 활성탄, MOF 소재의 이산화탄소 분리 특성을 비교하 고, 공정기술에 대해 분석하였다.

가압경수로의 일차계통 제염을 위해 개발된 HYBRID 제염제의 재료부식 특성을 틈부식 시험방법을 사용하여 수행하였다. 기존 제염제의 부식특성과 비교하기 위하여 상용 제염제인 OA, CITROX 제염제의 부식특성도 함께 평가하였다. 시험재료 는 가압경수로의 일차계통의 주 재료인 Alloy 600과 304 SS을 대상으로 시험하였다. 틈부식 시험은 가혹조건의 부식시험 으로써 내식성이 강한 원전 구조재료의 건전성을 짧은 시간에 잘 확인할 수 있었다. 시험결과 OA와 CITROX 제염제에서는 crevice 시편 표면에 pitting과 IGA가 나타났으나 HYBRID 제염제에서는 국부부식이 전혀 발생되지 않았다. 무게감소 측정 결과 HYBRID 제염조건에서는 1.3×10-3 μm/h 이하의 매우 낮은 부식속도를 나타내었다. 반면에, OA 제염제의 경우 Alloy 600은 4.0×10-2 μm/h 로 비교적 균일한 부식율을 나타내었으나, 304 SS의 경우 pH = 2.0 이하에서 급격한 가속부식을 나타 내었다. HYBRID 제염제의 경우 일반부식에서뿐만 아니라 crevice 부식조건에서도 거의 부식이 일어나지 않아 PWR 계통 제염 시 산화막 용해 후 제염제가 계통재료에 노출되어도 재료의 건전성이 입증되었다.

Asbestos was a general term applied to certain fibrous minerals long popular for their heat-resistance, tensile strength, acoustic insulation and inexpensive price. Despite its many uses, asbestos is a hazardous material. Inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious health problems, such as lung cancer, asbestosis and mesothelioma. According to the compliance regulations for asbestos-related materials in Korea, all kindergartens have to be inspected for asbestos materials before April 2014. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of asbestos containing materials in kindergartens in Gwangju, Korea. We investigated 93 kindergartens between January and May in 2014. Asbestos types and contents were analysed using the polarized light microscopy (PLM). Kindergartens facilities that featured ACM(Asbestos Containing Material) included ceiling textiles that contained chrysolite/amosite in amounts between 2 and 5% and gaskets that contained chrysolite in amounts between 15 and 35%. Also, wall cement flat boards contained chrysolite in amounts between 10 and 15%. In this study, risk assessment of asbestos material showed that all kindergarten materials were classified as Low grade when assessed by the Korea Ministry of Employment and Labor guideline method.

Titanium alloys are extensively used in high-temperature applications due to their excellent high strength andcorrosion resistance properties. However, titanium alloys are problematic because they tend to be extremely difficult-to-cut material. In this paper, the powder synthesis, spark plasma sintering (SPS), bulk material characteristics and machin-ability test of hybrid Ti2AlC ceramic bulk materials were systematically examined. The bulk samples mainly consistedof Ti2AlC materials with density close to theoretical value were synthesized by a SPS method. Random orientation andgood crystallization of the Ti2AlC was observed at 1100℃ for 10 min under SPS sintering conditions. Scanning electronmicroscopy results indicated a homogeneous distribution and nano-laminated structure of Ti2AlC MAX phase. The hard-ness and electrical conductivity of Ti2AlC were higher than that of Ti 6242 alloy at sintering temperature of 1000℃~1100℃. Consequently, the machinability of the hybrid Ti2AlC bulk materials is better than that of the Ti 6242 alloy formicro-EDM process of micro-hole shape workpiece.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to break away from the workforce method using cold-mix asphalt mixtures and has a constant quality and has develop repair materials of pre-production asphalt-precast types. METHODS: The selection of the repair material was determined as the results obtained through physical properties of materials and the field applicability. In case of repair materials, values obtained through Marshall stability test & the dynamic stability test & retained stability test as well as the site conditions was considered. In case of adhesive, test results were obtained through examination of the bond strength(tensile, shear) and the field applicability of the adhesive was examined through combined specimens to simulate field applications. RESULTS : According to the results of laboratory tests, in the case of repair materials, Marshall stability and dynamic stability, retained stability of cold-mix reaction type asphalt mixture is the highest. In the case of adhesive, two-component epoxy-urea has a very high bonding strength(tensile, shear) was most excellent. According to the results of field tests, when epoxy-urea was excellent workability. Also, the repair body through actual mock-up test did not occur large deformation and fracture after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS : A suitable repair material is cold-mix reaction type mixture of asphalt-precast, a suitable adhesive is a two-component epoxy-urea.

The basis of the cobalt demand analysis by use was established via the investigation and analysis of the cobalt materials flow, and the overall cobalt metal material and parts industry structure in Korea was examined to determine the cobalt material flow. The markets of the cobalt material for machinery were studied, including their interrelations, via market and study trends, and relevant plans were examined. The results of the study indicated that the advanced core technology for advanced industry and technology-intensive industry development is required to structurally innovate the parts materials and basic materials industries and to upgrade the catch-up industry structure to the new frontier structure.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the LOHAS tendency of new seniors' and its effects on the attitude and purchase intention for environmental-friendly food materials. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from random sample of 162 senior customers in Seoul and Kyunggi area. The LOHAS tendency of new seniors can be divided into three factors; environmental-friendly, sustainability and sociality. Environmental problems affected the environmental-friendly factor the most while manufacturing techniques for sustainable products and recycling habits were key variables for the sustainability factor. The idea of companies sharing their value system of LOHAS tendency was the most significant for the sociality factor. Each of these LOHAS tendency factors influenced the purchase intention of the new seniors.

Stroke is the most basic element in modern Chinese character structure unit, normalization and standardization of stroke cannot only be essential to literacy teaching, and writing, retrieval and computer processing of Chinese characters, but can further improve normalization and standardization levels of Chinese characters. However, there are lots of disputes about many issues of stroke in academia, and contents about stroke in modern Chinese teaching materials in colleges and universities are inconsistent. Ten representative teaching materials of Modern Chinese are selected in this article to take strokes in these teaching materials as study object for comparison and analysis of classification, names and sequence of strokes, so as to give suggestion to normalization and standardization of strokes. The teaching materials involved in this article include: Modern Chinese (the 4th revised edition) written by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong in 2007, referred to as “Huang and Liao‟s Version”; Modern Chinese written by Hu Yushu in 1992, referred to as “Hu‟s Version”; New Modern Chinese written by Zhang Bin in 2002, referred to as “Zhang‟s Version 1”; Modern Chinese written by Zhang Zhigong in 1982, referred to as “Zhang‟s Version 2”; Introduction to Modern Chinese written by Shao Jingmin in 2001, referred to as “Shao‟s Version”; Modern Chinese written by modern Chinese teaching and research office of Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Peking University in 2000, referred to as “Bei‟s Version”; Modern Chinese Character Outline written by Su Peicheng in 2001, referred to as “Su‟s Version”; Modern Chinese Tutorial written by Xing Fuyi① in 1986, referred to as “Xing's Version"; Modern Chinese written by Zhou Yimin in 2006, referred to as “Zhou's Version”; Modern Chinese written by Ma Guorong in 1990, referred to as “Ma's Version”.

Commercial activated-carbon used as the electrode material of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was posttreated with various acids and alkalis to increase its capacitance. The carbon samples prepared were then heat-treated in order to control the amount of acidic functional groups formed by the acid treatments. Coin-type EDLC cells with two symmetric carbon electrodes were assembled using the prepared carbon materials and an organic electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the EDLC was measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among the various activated carbons, the carbon electrodes (CSsb800) prepared by the treatments of coconutshell-based carbon activated with NaOH and H3BO5, and then heat treated at 800˚C under a flow of nitrogen gas, showed relatively good electrochemical performance. Although the specific-surface-area of the carbon-electrode material (1,096m2/g) was less than that of pristine activated-carbon (1,122m2/g), the meso-pore volume increased after the combined chemical and heat treatments. The specific capacitance of the EDLC increased from 59.6 to 74.8 F/g (26%) after those post treatments. The equivalent series resistance of EDLC using CSsb800 as electrode was much lower than that of EDLC using pristine activated carbon. Therefore, CSsb800 exhibited superior electrochemical performance at high scan rates due to its low internal resistance.

본 연구는 피복자재와 전기발열체에 의한 포도 유목의 휴면기와 수액이동기 꽃눈 피해를 경감하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1. 저온 환경제어시스템에서 보온력 차이는 볏짚 +부직포 > 부직포 > 볏짚 > 무피복 순으로 높았으며, 볏짚 +부직포 2중피복에서 온도 저하 지연 효과가 가장 좋았으나, 12시간 처리에서는 피복자재별 보온력 차이가 거의 없었다. 2. 휴면기 꽃눈 피해는 캠벨얼리와 MBA가 비슷하였으며, 거봉에서 높았고, 무피복 > 볏짚 > 부직포 > 볏짚 +부직포 순으로 낮았다. 볏짚 +부직포는 −20℃ 6시간 저온처리부터 꽃눈 피해가 발생하여 보온 효과가 높았다. 3. 수액이동기 –10℃ 저온처리에서 꽃눈 피해는 휴면기와 비슷한 경향이었으며, 품종 간에는 차이가 없었으며, 휴면이타파된 수액이동기 저온에서 꽃눈 피해가 더 크다. 4. 전기발열체 +부직포는 −5℃ 3시간 처리에서 휴면기 –20℃에서 −4.8℃, 수액이동기는 −10℃에서 −4.3℃ 주간부 내부온도가 유지되어 방한에 효과적이었다. 5. 짚 +부직포은 휴면기에는 꽃눈 피해가 발생하는데 지연 효과가 있으나 수액이동기에는 효과가 적었으며, −5℃ 설정 전기발열체 +부직포에서는 꽃눈 피해가 발생하지 않았다.

본 연구는 Colletotrichum 속에 따른 친환경 자재들의 고추 탄저병 방제 효과 차이를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 포자 발아억제 효과는 가용성 황과 BP 혼합 미생물 제제가 각각 90.4 - 99.3%와 83.4 - 96.6%를 나타내어 가장 효과적이었다. 균사 생육 억제 효과는 BP 미생물 제제가 83.5 - 98.3%로 가장 효과적이었다. 무상처 과실의 예방 효과는 수산화동이 85.5 - 93.1%, 상처 낸 과실의 예방 효과는 가용성 황이 75.4 - 79.5%로 가장 효과적이었다. 무상처 과실의 치료 효과는 가용성 황이 70.3 - 74.1%, 상처 낸 과실의 치료 효과는 C. dematium과 C. acutatum에서 30% 내외의 미미한 치료효과가 있었지만 다른 친환경 자재들은 그 효과가 없었다. 두 기내 실험에서 Colletotrichum 속에 따른 친환경 자재의 방제 효과가 대부분의 처리구에서 확인되었다. 포자 발아와 균사 생육의 억제 효과가 친환경 자재 특히 BP 혼합 미생물 제제에서 C. gloeosporioides이 높았고 C. capsici이 낮게 나타나 Colletotrichum속 간의 차이를 보였다. 고추 과실에서 Colletotrichum 속에 따른 친환경 자재의 방제 효과를 보면, 두 기내실험과 달리 일부에서 확인되었다. 무상처 과실의 예방 효과가 확인된 수산화동과 가용성 황 처리구에서 C. dematium에서 높고, C. capsici 및 G. cingulata에서 낮았다. 하지만 상처 낸 과실의 예방 효과와 무상처 과실의 치료 효과가 확인된 가용성 황 처리구에서 Colletotrichum 속에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다.

This paper suggests a specific model that could efficiently improve the interaction and the interface between WMS(Warehouse Management System) terminal and PDA terminal through real time processing in manufacturing shop. The proposed model shows that the new method can more efficiently perform to reduce processing time for shipping and receiving, compared with the current approach. As a result of the certain test among the main server, WMS system, and PDA terminal, it is noted in case of the new proposed system that the effects of proposed model are as follows: (a) While the receiving lead time for carrying by the current method was 2 hours, the receiving lead time by the new method was 20 minutes. (b) While the shipping lead time for carrying by the current method was 1 hours, the shipping lead time by the new method was 15 minutes. (c) While the inventory rate of accuracy by the current method was 85%, the inventory rate of accuracy by the new method was 98%.

고령인구 증가로 인해 건강에 관심이 증가하고 있는 상황에서, 생리활성을 지니고 있는 소재들에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 상황버섯은 항암효과가 있다고 소개된 바 있어, 식품보다 약재로 이용되는 빈도수가 많다. 항종양, 항염증 기능에 대한 연구는 보고되었으나 간기능 개선에 관련된 연구는 진행되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상황버섯 자실체 추출물과 균사체 배양액을 젖산균으로 발효한 1차, 2차 발효액의 간기능 개선효능을 확인하였다. Acetaminophen으로 유발된 간손상으로 인해 세포생존율이 79.9%로 감소하였으며 간기능의 지표인 ALT(82.0 ng/mL), AST(240.7 ng/mL), LDH(8.4 ng/mL)는 증가되었다. Acetaminophen과 상황 자실체 추출물 혹은 균사체 배양액을 발효한 시료를 동시 처리하여 세포생존율을 90.2～135.1%으로 증가하였으며 ALT는 55.3 ～ 90.9 ng/mL로, AST는 75.7 ～ 163.7 ng/mL로, LDH는 2.6 ～ 5.8 ng/mL로 감소되었다. 이러한 결과로 상황버섯 자실체 추출물 및 균사체 배양액 젖산균 발효물의 간 보호 및 간 기능 개선 효능이 있음을 확인하였다.

Materials with appropriate surface roughness and low surface energy can form superhy-drophobic surfaces, displaying water contact angles greater than 150°. Superhydrophobic carbon-based materials are particularly interesting due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. This review discusses the various techniques used to produce superhydrophobic carbon-based materials such as carbon fibers,carbon nanotubes, graphene, amorphous car-bons, etc. Recent advances in emerging fieldssuch as energy, environmental remediation, and thermal management in relation to these materials are also discussed.

수증기 투과성과 DMMP 방호성능을 가지는 cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) 기반의 선택투과막에 대해 여러가지 첨가제를 적용하여 CEES에 대한 방호성능 개선을 시도하였다. 시험결과, CAB/PEI 기반의 선택투과막은 수증기 투과성은 그대로 유지하면서(≥ 1,800 g/m²/day), CEES에 대한 방호성능의 개선을 보여주었다(7.1~11.5 µg/cm²․24 hr). 이 중, Ag+ 이온과 이온교환수지 혼합물을 포함한 CAB/PEI 선택투과막에서 가장 우수한 방호성능을 확보하였다. 그리고 시험한 모든 선택투과막은 생물학작용제를 모사할 수 있는 다양한 크기의 에어로졸 입자(0.005~3 µm)에 대해서도 방호성능을 가짐을 확인하였다.

Cathode materials and their precursors are prepared with transition metal solutions recycled from the thewaste lithium-ion batteries containing NCM (nickel-cobalt-manganese) cathodes by a H2 and C-reduction process. Therecycled transition metal sulfate solutions are used in a co-precipitation process in a CSTR reactor to obtain the tran-sition metal hydroxide. The NCM cathode materials (Ni:Mn:Co=5:3:2) are prepared from the transition metal hydroxideby calcining with lithium carbonate. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses show that the cathodematerial has a layered structure and particle size of about 10 µm. The cathode materials also exhibited a capacity ofabout 160 mAh/g with a retention rate of 93~96% after 100 cycles.

An orthotropic plastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composite material, is developed, which is simple and efficient to be implemented into computer program for a predictive analysis procedure of composite laminates. An orthotropic initial yield criterion, as well as work-hardening model and subsequent yield surface are established that includes the effects of different yield strengths in each material direction, and between tension and compression. The current model is implemented into a computer code, which is Predictive Analysis for Composite Structures (PACS). The accuracy and efficiency of the anisotropic plastic constitutive model and the computer program PACS are verified by solving a number of various fiber-reinforced composite laminates. The comparisons of the numerical results to the experimental and other numerical results available in the literature indicate the validity and efficiency of the developed model.

Odorous compounds produced from blackwater commonly cause domestic nuisance complaints. In this study, aseries of experiments was conducted to apply an electrolytic oxidation system to abate the odor problems fromblackwater. The electrolytic process removes odorous compounds from the liquid sources using direct and indirectoxidation; therefore, the system performance mainly relies on electrode materials. Four different electrodematerials, SS304, SS316, Ti, Ti/IrO₂, were applied, and the electrolytic oxidation showed that hydrogen sulfideand organic constituents were effectively removed. However, the weights of electrodes, SS304 and SS316, weredecreased by 7.5~8% due to the electrochemical decomposition from the anode surface. In order to improve thedurability and economical feasibility, SS304 was used as the cathode while Ti/IrO₂ was used as the anode. Theelectrode combination with the different materials (Ti/IrO₂:SS304) showed the same odor removal efficiency asthat using the same material (Ti/IrO₂:Ti/IrO₂). Consequentially, the electrolytic reaction to oxidize odorous andorganic constituents in humane manure was strongly affected by the electrode materials, and its combination needsto be carefully selected to achieve better performance.