The study aim is to investigate the free radicals scavenging and spermatogenic potentials, as well as to analyze any reproductive toxicity of ethanolic extract of Mucuna prureins (M. pruriens) Linn. in spermatozoa, under different dosages in normal male rat. Normal rats were randomly selected and suspension of the extract was administered orally at the dosages of 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg body weight of the different groups of male rats (n=6) once in a day for 60 days and grouped as group II, III and IV respectively. Saline treated rats served as control -group I. On the 60th day the animals were sacrificed and the epididymal sperm were subjected to various analyses like level of ROS production, LPO, enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant, morphology, morphometry, chromosomal integrity and DNA damage. Results showed significant reduction in ROS production and peroxidation and significant increase in both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in all concentration treated groups when compared with control. Results from all the drug treated groups showed good sperm morphology, increased sperm count and motility. There was no DNA damage and showed normal chromosomal integrity even in 250 mg/kg dose. When compared with control all the three extract treated groups showed increased ROS scavenging activity. However, group II (200 mg/kg) showed significant changes in all the parameters. From the present study it was confirmed that the M. pruriens has potential to improve the sperm qualitatively and quantitatively through scavenging the excess ROS with any adverse side effects. These observations suggest that ethanolic seed extract of M. pruriens may serve as anti-oxidant that can exploit to treat the oxidative stress mediated male factor infertility.

Procymidone is a fungicide with anti-androgenic properties widely used to protect fruits from fungal infection, which induces an excessive reactive oxygen species production in male reproductive organs. In this study, to clarify whether procymidone affect the cellular antioxidant system of prostate at onset of puberty, gene expression patterns of the representative antioxidant enzymes such as cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx (PHGPx), selenoprotein P (SePP), cytoplasmic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and manganese SOD (SOD2) were investigated in the rat ventral prostates exposed to procymidone using real-time RT-PCR analyses. Seven-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats castrated at 6 weeks old were treated with procymidone (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day) orally for 7 consecutive days after testosterone propionate (0.4 mg/kg per day) administration by subcutaneous injection. As compared to normal control animals, GPx1 mRNA expression in prostates significantly increased by the administration with TP and/or procymidone. However, PHGPx and SOD1 mRNA levels significanatly decreased by over 25 mg/kg of procymidone treatment and SePP and SOD2 mRNA levels was significanatly reduced by over 50 mg/kg of procymidone treatment. These findings indicate that procymidone may affect the antioxidant system of prostatic cells in up-regulation mode of GPx1, but in down-regulation modes of PHGPx, SePP, SOD1, and SOD2, suggesting that procymidone may affect differently the cellular antioxidant system of prostate according to the exposure doses.

약용식물 중 산형과 식물 18종 32점에 대한 항산화 및tyrosinase 저해 활성을 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산형과 식물 15종의 32점은 항산화 활성, tyrosinase 저해 활성을 나타내기 위한 실험재료로 사용되어졌다. Bupleurum falcatum L.(Shoot), Torilis japonica D. C. (Whole)에서 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 높게 나타났다. Foeniculum vulgare Gaeriner (Flower) 는 항산화 활성과 tyrosinase 저해 활성이 높게 나타났다. 항산화 활성은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 고도의 유의한 부의상관관계를 보였고, 총 플라보노이드 함량 간에는 유의한 부의 상관관계를 보였으며 tyrosinase 저해 활성은 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 항산화 활성 함량과 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 총 폴리페놀은 총 플라보노이드 함량 간에는 고도의 유의한 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이 중 Foeniculum vulgare Gaeriner (Flower)는 항산화 활성과 tyrosinase 저해 활성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이들 식물들에 대한 추출용매 및 추출조건에 따른 추출효율을 검토하고, 추가적인 생리활성 능력을 검정하는 등 보다 정밀한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

고등식물은 고정된 장소에 서식하기 때문에 주변 환경의 오염에 따른 부정적 영향을 회피할 수 없다. 대기 오염 지역과 청정지역에 서식하는 가로수의 이온화 방사선에 대한 효소활성 변화를 이용하여 대기오염 정도를 진단하는 방법을 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 오염된 대기 속에 서식하며 대기에 포함된 오염물질로부터 지속적으로 산화스트레스를 받아온 식물체의 경우 이를 극복하기 위한 수단으로 생화학적 저항성을 발달시키게 된다. 항산화 효소와 자유라디칼 제거능,

Antioxidant agent, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane were prepared and investigated the antioxidant activity on recycled rubber mat manufactured with waste tire powder. Mechanical properties of rubber mat are influenced by many factor such as compounding ingredients and state of cure, process of rubber, and fillers. Our study aim is to investigate influence of antioxidant activities on ozone cracking and the thermal aging time. In this work, the degradation of recycled rubber mat was studied and suggested mechanism to involve two-type of degradation, thermal aging and cracking both of which can be contained antioxidant or non-antioxidant agent.

본 연구에서는 생마늘 추출 숙성물의 용매 분획물에 대한 항산화 효과와 acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 저해 효과에 대해서 조사하였다. 생마늘 추출 숙성물의 헥산, 클로포름, 에틸아세테이트 및 물 분획물을 통한 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 각각 3.70, 23.63, 31.27, 2.35 mg/g으로 나타났다. 또한, 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power 및 linoleic acid를 활용한 지질의 자동산화 저해 효과에서 가장 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 추가적으로, PC12 신경 세포에서의 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 처리가 H2O2가 유발시키는 산화적 스트레스의 수준을 감소시켰다. 결국 생마늘 추출 숙성물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 농도 의존적으로 AChE를 저해한다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 본 연구는 생마늘 추출 숙성물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 PC12 신경세포에 있어서 산화적 스트레스 수준을 감소시키고, 또한 AChE 저해제로서 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

본 연구에서는 시판 비파나무잎차의 영양성분 분석 및 열수 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 효과를 조사하였 다. 일반성분은 수분 5.34%, 조단백 8.38%, 조지방 13.26%, 가용성 무질소물 46.21%, 조섬유 19.24% 및 조회분 7.57%순으로 함유하고 있었다. 비타민 C 함량과 총페놀 함량은 각각 0.47 mg/100 g 및 42.55 mg/g이였다. 무기성분은 Ca, K 및 Mg 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 그 함량은 각각 1,624.01, 1,099.66 및 192.70 mg/100g이었다. 비파나무잎차의 아미노산 분석 결과 glutamic acid (565.98 mg/100 g)가 가장 높게 함유되었고, 반면 가장 낮은 함량은 cystine (12.97 mg/100 g)이였다. 시판 비 파나무잎차 열수 추출물 농도 1,000 μg/mL를 기준으로 했을 때 각각 86.87%와 98.14%의 ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성을 보였으며, 환원력과 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)는 농도 의존 적 항산화 활성을 보였다. 따라서 시판 비파나무잎차는 항산화제와 같은 기능성 식품 소재로 이용가능성이 높을 것으로 생각된다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of amino acids complex and choline supplementation on the antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stability of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef. Fifteen months-old-Hanwoo steers were assigned into two groups and fed on a basal diets with or without amino acids complex (≥25% L-lysine monohydrochloride+≥8% DL- methionine)+choline (≥25% choline chloride) for 12 months. After slaughter, the M. longissimus from carcasses were stored at 4℃ for 7 days. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities were found to be unaffected by supplementation of amino acids+choline. After 2 days of storage, significant decline (p<0.05) in lipid oxidation (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) was observed when supplemented with amino acids+choline. However, supplementation of amino acids+choline maintained meat color as indicated by higher CIE L* (Lightness), a* (Redness), b* (Yellowness) and C* (Chroma) values during storage. It was therefore concluded that supplemental amino acids+choline could stabilize the lipid oxidation stability and meat color in Hanwoo beef.

The antioxidant activities of the methanol extract from Naematoloma sublateritium ,and its subfractions were assessed: ABTS+-radical-cation scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging, ferric reducing- and nitrite scavenging activity. The chloroform subfraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity except nitrite scavenging activity in which water subfraction showed the highest activity (50% scavenging at 48 mg/ml). The trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the chloroform subfraction was 649.40 μ mol/g of sample. This fraction also scavenged DPPH radical by 50% at 406.59 μg/ml. The highest ferric reducing activity was found in same subfraction (299.24 μmol FeSO4• 7H2O/g). Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions exhibited the highest contents of total phenolic compounds, with ferulic acid equivalents of 31.66 and 48.57 mg/g, respectively. The amount of flavonoid was at maximum in chloroform subfraction (18.66mg/g). The level of phenolic compounds may be correlated with the antioxidant activities of the subfractions. Therefore, the phenolic compounds in the subfractions were further identified by mass spectrometry using LC-MS/MS.

Antioxidant activities of Hericium erinaceum was in vestigated in subfractions of methanol extract such as hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water subfractions. Chlorofrom fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and showed the highest level of total phenolic contents. The level of total phenolics may be correlated with the antioxidant activities of the subfractions. Therefore, the phenolic compound in the chloroform subfractions exhibiting high antioxidant acticity was identified by mass spectrometry using LC-MS/MS. In addition, hot water extract of this mushroom were tested for antimutagenic activity by Ames Salmonellaassay.Thisextractshowed inhibitiory effect on the mutagenesis induced in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 and TA98 by the directly actingmutagen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(0.15μg/plate) and sodium azide (0.5μg/plate). The extract also inhibited mutagenesis induced in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 and TA98 by the indirectly actingmutagen 2-aminoanthracen(2μg/plate) at 5000μg/plate and 200 μg/plate, respectively.

꿀풀과 허브의 부위별 메탄올 추출물에 대한 항산화, 항암, tyrosinase 저해활성을 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량을 검정한 결과, lemon balm의 leaves 추출물에서 629.48±0.90 mg GAE/g DW로 가장 높은 폴리페놀 함량을 확인하였고, rosemary의 whole 추출물에서 22.45±0.81 mg CE/g DW 로 가장 높은 플라보노이드 함량을 나타내었다. Rosemary(whole) 추출물은 항산화 활성이21.78±0.68 μg/ml로 대조구인 ascorbic acid(66.49±0.56 μg/ml)보다 3배 정도 강한 활성을 나타내었다. Sage의 whole로부터 얻은 메탄올 추출물은 암세포에 세포독성을 가지고 있었으며, 치은섬유아세포에서는 독성이 거의 없는 것을 확인할 수있었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성을 검정한 결과, sage의 whole (56.23±0.21 μg/ml)과 root(63.36±0.69 μg/ml)로부터 얻은 추출물은 대조구인 arbutin(69.56±0.15 μg/ml)보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이에 이들 식물들에 대해 추출용매 및 추출온도 등추출조건에 따른 최적 추출효율을 검토하고, in vivo 실험을 통해 생리활성 능력을 검정하는 등 보다 정밀한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

남해 약쑥을 새로운 기능성 식품의 재료로 활용하기 위하여 각 부위별 60% 에탄올 추출물에 대 한 항산화 활성을 In vitro 시스템에서 조사하였다. 남해약쑥의 부위별 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 잎 60% 에탄올 추출물에서 23.08 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 남해 약쑥의 부위별 60% 에탄올 추출물로 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과, 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따 른 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 잎에서 가장 높은 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성을 나타내었다. 환원력도 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 환원력이 증가하 는 경향을 나타내었으며, 환원력도 잎에서 가장 높게 나타났다. Linoleic acid를 이용한 자동산화 억제활성을 실험한 결과, 다른 부위보다 잎에서 가장 높은 자동 산화 억제활성을 나타내었고, MDA assay를 이용하여 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과, 일부 농도 의존적인 경향을 보였으며, 잎 200 μ g/mL 농도에서 71.38%의 항산화 활성을 보였다. 따라서 남해 약쑥 잎은 높은 항산화 활성을 바탕 으로 천연 항산화제로서의 활용가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다.

In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activities and nitrite scavenging ability in leaf and root of Youngia sonchifolia Max. The leaf powder contained 4.3% of water, 53.9% of crude carbohydrate, 21.6% of crude protein, 3.5% of crude fat and 16.7% of crude ash. The root powder contained 4.8% of water, 65.9% of crude carbohydrate, 17.4% of crude protein, 3.2% of crude fat and 8.7% of crude ash. The major mineral elements both in leaf and root powder were potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Contents of unsaturated fatty acids were higher than those of saturated fatty acids both in leaf and root powder. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of methanol extract in leaf were 3,922.4 mg/100 g and 1,903.2 mg/100 g respectively. In comparison,total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of methanol extract in root powder were 1,898.4 mg/100 g and 359.8 mg/100 g. The antioxidative activities of several solvents extract of leaf and root powder were investigated by measuring electron-donating ability using 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Of the each extracts, ethyl acetate extract of leaf and root powder showed relatively higher antioxidant activity; 94.3% in the leaf powder and 92.9% in the root powder. Nitrite scavenging ability was also highest in the ethyl acetate extract of leaf (45.4%) and root powder (28.8%). These results suggest that ethyl acetate extract of Youngia sonchifolia Max. can be used as a functional materials.

Pleurotus citrinopileatus was successfully cultivated and commercially available in Korea. The antioxidant, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase inhibitory activities and polyphenol contents of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus extracted with acetone, hot water and methanol (hereinafter referred to Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH). The antioxidant activities on β-carotene-linoleic acid in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 96.12%, 94.21% and 96.52%, respectively at the concentration of 20 mg/ml. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 30.12%, 35.42% and 29.02%, respectively at the concentration of 5 mg/ml. Tyrosinase inhibition activity in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 58.78%, 49.25% and 63.29%, respectively at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. Total polyphenol contents in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 18.99 mgGAEs/g, 16.73 mgGAEs/g and 18.66 mgGAEs/g. These experimental results suggested that fruiting bodies of P. citrinopileatus contained good physio-chemical substances for promoting human health.