Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify trends in disaster nursing education and conduct a systematic review of the characteristics of simulation-based disaster education programs for nursing students. Method: In May 2020, 12 electronic databases were used to conduct a literature search using Korean and English keywords. Simulation, disaster, nursing, and education were among the search keywords. Fourteen studies were selected. The risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies was used to assess study quality. Results: A total of 14 non-randomized studies were selected. Simulation was mainly conducted using high-fidelity simulators and virtual reality simulations. Disaster scenarios included situations such as a bus crash, earthquake, tornado, and toxic chemical exposure in mass casualty incident nursing or disaster drills. There were differences in the methods of simulation interventions, and we found that disaster related nursing competencies such as disaster knowledge, disaster preparedness, disaster performance, confidence, self-efficacy, and ethical reasoning improved in nursing students after the intervention. Conclusion: Disaster nursing education aims to improve nursing students’ disaster competencies. Future research should examine significant risk of bias control for confounding variables, attrition bias, and outcome evaluation.

This study aims to review observational methods for assessing postural loads such as OWAS, RULA and REBA, and to compare them, based on the literature survey. The literature was searched through academic database of ScienceDirect using the key words of observational methods, OWAS, RULA and REBA. The results exhibited that of the thee methods, RULA was cited in the literature and applied to manufacturing industries the most frequently. Although it has been known that RULA is appropriate for assessing upper body postures, it has been applied to healthcare and social work activities, agriculture, forestry, fishing, construction, mining and quarrying, which require unstable lower limb postures. The countries where more number of relevant studies have been carried out were USA, India, Brazil, UK, etc. It was recommended that of the three techniques, RULA may be better for assessing postural loads, because it evaluated postural loads more highly, irrespective of industry, work type and lower limb postures, and its assessment results had higher agreement rate with experts’ assessments than those of OWAS and REBA. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as a guideline for selecting an appropriate observational method.

참외는 유용한 농업생명자원이면서, 생약 및 한약으로 활용할 수 있는 아주 유용한 자원이다. 참외의 생약명(Medicinal name)은 Melonis Pedicellus이며, Cucurbitaceae에 속하는 Cucumis melo Linné의 초본 꽃받침으로 한약재로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Melonis Pedicellus의 한약 특성을 조사하고 Melonis Pedicellus를 함유 한 34개의 한약 포뮬러를 검토하였다. 이 연구는 꼭지 소재 기반 한약재에 대한 추가 연구를 바탕으로 미활용 한약재의 가치를 제고할 수 있다고 사료된다. 먼저 각 국가의 공정서 및 고문헌 분석을 통해 과체 한약재의 기원을 비교하였다. 특히 중국, 일본, 대만이 아닌 남북한의 약전에서 특이점을 찾아볼 수 있었다. 둘째, Melonis Pedicellus에서 발견된 성분을 조사하였다. 지방산 화합물이 가장 많았으며 셋째로는, Melonis Pedicellus 의 생약학적 관점으로 요약하였다. 그것은 구토 성질이 매우 강하기 때문에 구토 요법에 특별히 사용되어 온 사실을 검증하였다. 끝으로 3세기부터 20세기까지의 31편의 고문을 분석하였고, Melonis Pedicellus를 포함하는 34개의 한약재 포뮬러가 문헌에서 발견되었다. Melonis Pedicellus는 주로 구토 요법에 사용되었기 때문에 대부분의 한약 제제가 구토 요법에 상관성 있게 한약재의 본질이 그 공식에 정확히 반영되었음을 의미한다. 이 연구는 Cucumis melo Linné의 꽃받침이 한약재로 사용되어온 근거를 마련했다. Melonis Pedicellus의 기원은 대부분의 동아시아 국가에서 언급되지 않기 때문에 더 확대하여 조사 범위를 넓혀서 연구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 한국한의학연구원 제공 전통의학정보포털(KIOM Oasis Portal)과 전북대학교 한국과학문명학연구소에서 제공하는 고의서 빅데이터를 활용하여 고문헌 정보를 효율적으로 확보하였다. 앞으로 과체(瓜蔕)뿐만이 아니라 감꼭지, 연밥 꼭지, 가지 꼭지 등 다양한 식물들의 꼭지를 연구한다면, 무심코 버릴 수 있는 소재에서 현대적 가치를 발견할 수 있는 좋은 소재가 될 것으로 사료된다.

Worldwide, oral cancer accounts for 2%–4% of all cancer cases. It is estimated that more of 90% of all oral neoplasms are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aims of this study were to evaluate follow-up outcomes in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone who underwent primary radical resection and reconstructive surgery by fibular free flap or CAD-CAM T-mesh with pathological study on two cases. In this article, two cases of mandibular reconstruction in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are reported. A 68-year-old male patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the left mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, a enterocutaneous fibular free flap from right leg was used to cover the intraoral mucosal defect. The other 51-year-old female patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the right mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, reconstruction was done with a reconstruction plate and a fibula free flap from right leg. Unfortunately, fibular free flap was lost due to infection of the flap at post-operative 1month, secondary reconstruction using a custom-made type T-mesh and iliac PCBM was done to repair on the mandibular defect after four years postoperatively. The customized CAD-CAM T-mesh was made prior to the operation according to mirror image of remained jaw. Patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are required an accurate segmental mandibulectomy immediate reconstructive surgery with various methods and followed by adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy in order to improve the quality of life through the restoration of the oral function and esthetics after surgery. Postoperative CCRT was determined according to the final pathologic findings such as lymph node metastasis and main lesion free margin safety, and this has an essential relationship in the prognosis of postoperative recurrence. We reviewed reliable treatment options on two patients of OSCC in mandible with pathologic findings.Worldwide, oral cancer accounts for 2%–4% of all cancer cases. It is estimated that more of 90% of all oral neoplasms are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aims of this study were to evaluate follow-up outcomes in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone who underwent primary radical resection and reconstructive surgery by fibular free flap or CAD-CAM T-mesh with pathological study on two cases. In this article, two cases of mandibular reconstruction in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are reported. A 68-year-old male patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the left mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, a enterocutaneous fibular free flap from right leg was used to cover the intraoral mucosal defect. The other 51-year-old female patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the right mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, reconstruction was done with a reconstruction plate and a fibula free flap from right leg. Unfortunately, fibular free flap was lost due to infection of the flap at post-operative 1month, secondary reconstruction using a custom-made type T-mesh and iliac PCBM was done to repair on the mandibular defect after four years postoperatively. The customized CAD-CAM T-mesh was made prior to the operation according to mirror image of remained jaw. Patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are required an accurate segmental mandibulectomy immediate reconstructive surgery with various methods and followed by adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy in order to improve the quality of life through the restoration of the oral function and esthetics after surgery. Postoperative CCRT was determined according to the final pathologic findings such as lymph node metastasis and main lesion free margin safety, and this has an essential relationship in the prognosis of postoperative recurrence. We reviewed reliable treatment options on two patients of OSCC in mandible with pathologic findings.

This paper studied the origin of Myeongnyundang(明倫堂), the common name of the main lecture halls at confucian schools in ancient China. Through an extensive investigation of local chronicles, biographies, decrees and construction essays, it found the first Myeongnyundang were titled on the main hall of a local school in the early Southern Song(南宋) period, and it might become the most popular name due to Zhuxi (朱熹), a famous confucian scholar in the Southern Song dynasty. In Yuan(元) period, it almost become the fixed name for the main lecture hall at local confucian schools, and even the official government documents began to use it as a common noun since the beginning of Ming(明) dynasty.

Child education (xiaoxue, 小學) literature of the original manuscript of Yupian quoted includes approximately eleven kinds, and the quotation of the literature is about 2,936 times. What is found, in comparison with the standing version of child education literature, is that there are many lexical and expressional relations worth examining and distinguishing in the original manuscript of Yupian quoted, which includes those of characters of the borrowing, the misused, the variant form, the mutual usage, and so on. The value of research into the words and expressions in child education literature of the original manuscript of Yupian quoted is in fact inestimable especially in terms of philology, lexicology, and literary studies. Not only can it explain the abovementioned relations but calibrate the variant forms, folk characters, and semantic errors in dictionary entries. Moreover, it can supplement the errors in omission, and also offer some materials of differentiation between the original manuscript of Yupian and the standing version of child education literature.

Leiomyoma is a Benign tumor that develops in smooth muscles and is known to occur more in women in age between 40s and 50s. The most common site of leiomyoma is uterine (95 %). It occurred in oral region is very rare about 0.065 % and usually developed in upper and lower lips, palatal site, buccal site and tongues. The prognosis of leiomyoma is very positive. The recurrence rate is extremely low to 2 % below. In present study, we report a 78 year old female with a lesion located in temporomandibular joint cavity which was suspected as a malignant tumor. Additionally, this paper reports contains a literature review of oral leiomyoma. Rare location with painless leiomyoma of present case will be considered to be caution.

While efforts have been made to address fall-related injuries in older adults, the problem is unsolved to date. The purpose of this review is to provide a guideline for fall and injury prevention programs in older adults, based on evidence generated over the past 30 years. Research articles published between 1990 and 2020 have been searched on PubMed, using keywords, including but not limited to, falls, hip fracture, injuries, intervention, older adults, prevention, hip protector, vitamin D, safe landing strategy, and exercise. Total of 98 articles have been found and categorized into five intervention areas: exercise program, hip protector, safe landing strategy, vitamin D intake, and compliant flooring. Furthermore, the articles have been rated based on their study design: class 1, randomized controlled trials; class 2, nonrandomized controlled trials; class 3, experimental studies; class 4, all other studies. Exercise programs have shown to decrease the risk of fall, and associated injuries. Hip protectors, safe landing strategy, and vitamin D intake were effective in reducing a risk and incidence of hip fracture during a fall. Furthermore, compliant flooring has also decreased hip fracture risk without affecting balance. An integrated approach combining exercise program, wearing a hip protector, teaching safe landing strategies, scheduled vitamin D intake, and compliant flooring installation, is suggested to address fall-related injuries in older adults.

文化는 사회의 발전을 이끄는 ‘소프트 파워’라고 일컬어지지만 물질적 토대와 정치적 변화로부터 온전히 홀로 설 수 없다. 中國 宋代 목축업과 조리기술의 발달은 양고기를 중심으로 한 독특한 육식문화를 만들어내었고, 이는 신분과 계급의 상승이라 는 무거운 상징성을 가지게 되었다. 이에 반해, 돼지고기는 저급한 식재료에서 식문화의 중요한 위치로 점차 받아들여져 신분·지역을 아우르는 문화우월감의 상징이 되었다. 본 논문은 宋代 육식문화의 발달과정을 문헌에서부터 살펴보고, 이를 통해 당시 육고기에 대한 인식 변화와 문화 상징성을 고찰한 것이다.

생전예수재는 조선시대 수륙재와 함께 활발하게 설행되었던 불교의식 이다. 수륙재가 죽은 자의 안락을 위한 의식이었다면, 생전예수재는 산 자가 살아있는 동안 자신의 삶을 경계하고 죽은 후의 영원한 안락을 누 리기 위한 의식이자 신앙이었다. 때문에 생전예수재는 낮에 설행되었고, 수륙재는 밤에 설행되었다. 조선시대 생전예수재의 직접적인 명칭은 나 암 보우가 찬술한 글에서 처음 발견된다. 예수재는 왕과 왕실, 조상, 그리고 스승과 자신의 평안을 위해 설행되었다. 조선시대 불교가 탄압받고 소외받은 것은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 그 럼에도 불구하고 불교의식과 신앙은 단절되지 않고 그 전통을 계승하고 있었다. 특히 조선후기는 두 차례의 전쟁과 자연재해로 전염병과 굶주 림이 일어났다. 결국 많은 사상자가 발생했고 그들을 추모하고 안락을 기원하는 불교의식이 설행되었다. 조선의 불교전통이 단절되지 않고 계승될 수 있었던 이유였다.

현대는 스마트폰이나 태블릿PC, 전용 단말기로 전자책을 읽을 수 있는 시대이다. 최첨단 시대일수록 네트워크에 기반을 둔 정보의 공유와 보존이 바탕을 이루는 디지 털화가 이루어져 있다. 즉 디지털화는 ‘정보의 공유와 보존’으로부터 나와야 하며 효 율적인 ‘공유와 소통’을 위한 작업이 이루어져야 한다. 이런 의미에서 세계 한자학자 들의 연구문헌 DB 구축은 종이라는 2차원적 정보매체를 세계 모든 사람에게 어디서 나 제공할 수 있는 3차원의 정보로 바꾸는 것으로 DB 속에 있는 다양한 정보를 공 유하고 소통할 수 있게 하는 작업이다. 그래서 본 연구에서 구축하고자 하는 세계 한자학자 연구문헌 DB는 현 시대에서 무엇보다 필요한 것이다. 구축된 세계 한자학 자 연구문헌 DB는 한자학사와 중국학, 언어학사 등의 넓은 영역에서 정확하고 통합적인 학술적 기초자료를 마련함으로써 앞으로 학계의 심화 연구 발전에 큰 역할을 하게 될 것이라 기대된다.

본 논문은 『玄應音義』를 중심으로 『新撰字鏡』의 문헌 인용 양상을 고찰하였다. 『字鏡』의 『玄應音義』 인용 양상을 보면, 표제자의 선정, 표제자 표음, 자의 및 예증, 이체자 정보 등 내용 구성면에서 폭넓게 『玄應音義』를 활용하고 있는데, 때로는 『玄 應音義』만으로, 때로는 『玉篇』이나 『切韻』 등 다른 문헌의 정보를 활용해 『玄應音義』의 부족한 점을 보충하여 사서로서의 가치와 효용성을 높였다. 그러나 인용 출처를 밝히지 않아 문헌 인용 관계가 명확하지 않은 점이나, 체제가 엄정하지 못하고 오류가 많다는 것은 이 책이 가진 한계이다. 따라서 광범위하고 정확한 문헌 인용 관계 연구와 석문의 교감을 통해 이 책이 가진 한자학·문헌학 가치를 재조명해야 할 필요 가 있다.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether food intake is effective in preventing diseases related to cognitive impairment. We searched English databases namely MEDLINE, PubMed and ScienceDirect from 2000 to May 2020, and Korean databases namely RISS, KISS, and DBPIA from 1990 to May 2020. We divided the data into 15 groups using the food group classification of the Korean Nutrition Society (KNS). The effect size (Cohen’s d) was estimated using a random-effect model, and a 95% confidence interval was calculated for each study. We included 17 cross-sectional studies and 7 cohort studies which involved 45,115 participants. As a result of analyzing the subgroups in the Asian population of both sexes, it was observed that grain intake has a protective effect against cognitive impairment. For females, pulses and fish also have a protective role against cognitive impairment. In the case of seaweed, a negative relationship was found with a moderate protective effect against cognitive impairment (Cohen’s d:-0.533, 95% CI: -0.939, -0.126; p=0.010) in Korean studies. Dairy products are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in the American and European population but drinking alcohol is associated with a lower impairment risk. These results provide a basis for formulating the dietary guidelines for preventing dementia for each country.

The purpose of this study was to select 30 representative Korean dishes by a systematic review of preferences and recognition of Korean foods. The papers for the review were located using the keywords ‘hansik’, ‘hanguk eumsik’ from DBpia, KISS, NDSL and RISS, and 18 relevant papers were finally short-listed. To analyze the preferences of Koreans and foreigners for Korean dishes, respondents were chosen from various regions such as Asia, Europe, South Pacific, Africa, and North/South America. A total of 4,053 respondents participated in the selected papers and Korean dishes were classified according to the content analysis based on books published by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). Among the main dishes, two kinds of cooked rice were selected, bibimbap and kimbap. Also, noodles, dumplings, and sliced rice cake soup varieties mul-naengmyeon, guksujangguk, mandu, and tteokguk were selected as main dishes. The side dishes selected included 6 kinds of soup, miyeokguk, yukgaejang, samgyetang, gomtang, seolleongtang, and galbi-tang. Other side dishes selected were six types of stews namely doenjang-jjigae, kimchi-jjigae, sundubu-jjigae, haemultang, maeuntang, and dakbokkeum- tang. Three kinds of grilled side dishes selected were bulgogi, galbi-gui, and samgyeopsal-gui. Galbi-jjim was selected in the category of braised or steamed foods. Tteokbokki and japchae were the stir-fried food selected. Pan-fried foods and fried foods selected included a kind of haemul-pajeon and dak-gangjeong respectively. Seasoned vegetables selected were samsaek-namul including gosari-namul, sigeumchi-namul and doraji-namul. Two kinds of baechukimchi and kkakdugi were selected as kimchies, and sikhye was selected in the category of beverages and teas. These results could be used as selection criteria in developing recipes for representative Korean menus.

국내 담수 어류 12과, 28속, 45종의 먹이원을 문헌 조사 한 결과, 동물류 먹이원은 16문, 24강, 54목, 126과, 212속으로 조사되었으며 식물류 먹이원은 10문, 18강, 42목, 63과, 82속으로 나타났다. 동물류 먹이원 중 가장 많은 어류가 섭식한 먹이원은 분류군에 따라 절지동물문, 곤충강, 파리목, 깔따구과로 조사되었으며, 식물류 먹이원은 돌말문, 윷돌말강, 반달돌말목, 반달돌말과로 조사되었다. SOM을 이용하여 45종 어류의 유형화 결과, 어류를 주로 포식하는 어류와 저서무척추동물을 포식하는 어류, 동물플랑크톤을 섭식하는 어류, 식물플랑크톤을 섭식하는 어류, 잡식성 어류 5가지 유형으로 나타났다. 네트워크 분석의 허브 점수가 높은 상위 5종의 어류는 블루길, 몰개, 수수미꾸리, 남방 종개, 새코미꾸리 순으로 나타났으며 먹이원 중 허브 점수가 높은 상위 5 종류의 먹이원은 파리목, 하루살이목, 이지목, 김발돌말목, 쪽배돌말목 순으로 조사되었다.

Purpose: Recently, with the increasing demand for a evidence-based practice model in the health care area, qualitative meta-synthesis studies that provide a comprehensive understanding of phenomena of interest has increased. This study was conducted to understand the concept of qualitative meta-synthesis and guide the application of appropriate methods. Methods: This study is a literature review to address and analyze concepts and methods used in qualitative meta-synthesis studies. Results: The definition and purpose of qualitative meta-synthesis, philosophical background, procedures and outcomes are described. And the meta-ethnography, which is widely applied, was described. In addition, grounded theory, critical interactive synthesis, and meta-study were briefly introduced. It is also desirable to evaluate the quality of the primary research paper by utilizing evaluation criteria and evaluation tools to select the primary research paper, which also affects the quality of qualitative meta-synthetic studies. It is necessary for the researcher to recognize the epistemological difference in qualitative meta-synthesis, to consider saturation of the primary research paper, and to minimize the decontextualization of the primary research paper. Above all, the creative interpretation of researchers should provide expanded knowledge and insights into the research area. Conclusion: By clarifying the purpose of qualitative meta-synthesis, the researcher should ensure justification for performing qualitative meta-synthesis. Researchers also need to make efforts to ensure methodological transparency in order to overcoming the limitations of qualitative meta-synthesis.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), also known as keratocystic odontogenic tumor, is a distinct clinicopathologic lesion that can be clearly identified by histologic examination. Clinically, OKC is characterized by a high recurrence rate. This report describes a rare case of OKC with mural calcification in the maxilla of a 47-year-old male patient. Orthopantomography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography showed full opacification with calcification and lateral wall resorption in the left maxillary sinus, destroying the sinus floor. Hard tissue deposits have rarely been reported in the connective tissue walls of OKC. The importance of calcified material formation to the biological behavior of OKCs is unclear. Although its prognostic value has not been studied, the presence of calcification materials does not appear to increase the risk of recurrence. Study of a number of samples would be needed to determine the nature of the correlation between the presence of calcified materials and recurrence.