The effects of the dopant (Mn) ratio on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of alloy were studied in this research. The alloy was fabricated by a combination process of ball milling and high pressure pressing. Structural behavior of the sintered bulks were systematically investigated by XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy. With increasing dopan (Mn) ratio, the density and phase of the sintered bulks increased and maximum density of 94% was obtained in the 0.07% Mn-doped alloy. The sintered bulks showed fine microstructure of , and phase. The semiconducting phase of was transformed from phase by annealing

Samples of GaMnAs, GaMnAs codoped with Be, and GaMnAs simultaneously codoped with Be and Mg were grown via low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (LT-MBE). Be codoping is shown to take the Ga sites into the lattice efficiently and to increase the conductivity of GaMnAs. Additionally, it shifts the semiconducting behavior of GaMnAs to metallic while the Mn concentration in the GaMnAs solid solution is reduced. However, with simultaneous codoping of GaMnAs with Be and Mg, the Mn concentration increases dramatically several times over that in a GaMnAs sample alone. Mg and Be are shown to eject Mn from the Ga sites to form MnAs and MnGa precipitates.

The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of high strength TRIP/TWIP steels with the tensile strength of 600Mpa to 900Mpa grade was investigated using cathodically hydrogen charged specimens. TWIP steels with full austenite structure show a lower hydrogen content than do TRIP steels. The uniform distribution of strong traps throughout the matrix in the form of austenite is considered beneficial to reduce the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of TWIP steels. Moreover, an austenite structure with very fine deformation twins formed during straining could also improve the ductility and reduce notch sensitivity. In Ubend and deep drawing cup tests, TWIP steels show a good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement compared with TRIP steels.

The densification behavior of Al-20Si-5.5Fe-1.2Mg-0.5Mn powders was investigated through micro-structure analysis of sintered specimens. The specimens sintered in vacuum or in high purity (99.999%) nitrogen showed porous near-surface microstructures. The densification of near-surface part was enhanced by means of ultra-high purity (99.9999%) nitrogen atmosphere. The relationship between slow densification and oxide surfaces of Al alloy powders was discussed. And the effects of Mg addition, nitrogen gas, and humidity on densification were discussed. In addition, the rapid growth of primary Si crystals above the critical temperature was reported.

The dc resistivity and thermoelectric power of bilayered perovskite La1.4(Sr0.2Ca1.4)Mn2O7 weremeasured as a function of the temperature. In the ferromagnetic phase, ρ(T) was accurately predicted by a0+a2T2+a4.5T4.5 with and without an applied field. At high temperatures, a significant difference between theactivation energy deduced from the electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power, a characteristic of smallpolarons, was observed. All of the experimental data can be feasibly explained on the basis of the small polaron.

Mn-Fe oxide and Mn-Fe oxide/(50wt%/50wt%) were prepared by ball milling method. XRD data of the prepared samples revealed that hematite and ferrite phase coexisted. Water splitting at 1273K, after thermal reduction at 1573K, was performed 4 times for the samples. Hydrogen production amount was analyzed by GC with TCD detector. Water splitting capacity of Mn-Fe oxide was improved by ball milling with .

Sintering behavior of the Fe-0.8Mn-0.5C powder system was studied on the specimens with a density of ~7.0 g/cc sintered at 11200C for 30 min in a gas mixture of 7%H2/93%N2 with the inlet dew point of -600C. During the atmosphere monitoring (CO/CO2-content and dew point) was showed, that carbothermical reduction occurs in two different temperature ranges; three peaks of dew point profile also can be distinguished during sintering cycle as well. Following sintering the Mn-content distribution and microstructures around the Mn-source were micro-analytical evaluated; the results showed that manganese travels through porous iron matrix up to ~60 μm.

Manganese is an alloying element that improves the hardenability of steels. It could be a valid substitute in sintered steels, increasing mechanical properties. The hardenability of three low alloy Mn steels was studied to establish the influence of manganese on the heat treatments. The Grossmann approach was adopted, which uses cylinders with different diameters to induce different gradients of cooling rate in the cross section. The correlation of microstructure and microhardness to the actual cooling rate makes the results independent on the process parameters and applicable to each industrial condition, once the actual cooling rate in the parts is known.

Ceramic Injection Moulding (CIM) technology has been successfully used for the fabrication of Mn-Zn Ferrite part. The binder was composed by polypropylene and paraffin wax. The optimal powder loading (58% vol.) was determined by means of rheological measurements. Threedifferent parts, toroids, bending and tensile probes were injected. Thermal and solvent-thermal debinding was designed based on DSC and TGA studies of the binder. The time of the debinding cycle was reduced using n-heptane to dissolve previously the paraffin wax. Final properties have been determined and compared with uniaxial pressure parts values. The densities obtained were slightly higher than those of uniaxial pressure parts and the magnetic properties presented similar values.

담양 지역의 음용 지하수 중에 형성된 망간 스케일의 지구화학적 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 망간 스케일은 MnO 및 SiO2로 구성되어 있고, MnO의 함량은 56.61wt.%에서 68.69wt.%, 그리고 SiO2 함량은 1.56wt.%에서10.45wt.%로 나타난다. 망간 스케일 중의 Ba와 Mo 함량은 지하수 심도가 증가할수록 증가하여 나타나고 Zn과 Pb는심도가 증가할수록 감소한다. 망간 스케일을 x-선 회절 분석을 한 결과 birnessite, 석영 및 장석이 분석되었다. IR 분석에서 망간 스케일은 OH, H2O 그리고 birnessite에 의한 흡수 밴드가 관찰된다. SEM 및 EDS 분석에서 망간 스케일은 포도송이 구조, 과립 구조, 구상 구조 및 속이 빈 straw 구조로 되어 있는 것이 관찰된다. 이들 구조들은 고농도의 망간함량에 의해 단순히 과포화로 침전되었을 것으로 생각되며, 혹은 Lepthothrix discophora에 의해 미생물적으로 침전되었을 것으로 생각된다. 이들 구조들의 표면을 EDS로 분석한 결과 Mn의 원자(atomic) 퍼센트가 28에서 44범위로 나타나고 Si, K, Na, Ca, Cl, Cu, Zn 및 Ba 등이 검출된다.

The effect of different cooling rate on the structure and mechanical properties of Fe-3%Mn-(Cr)-(Mo)-0.3%C steels is described. Pre-alloyed Astaloy CrM and CrL, ferromanganese and graphite were used as the starting powders. Following pressing in a rigid die, compacts were sintered at and in atmospheres and cooled with cooling rates and . Convective cooled specimens were subsequently tempered at for 60 and 240 minutes.