포장조건하에서 수잉기와 출수기에 벼멸구를 인위적으로 가해시킨 후 출수후 고사시기별로 수량수율을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 출수후 23일경에 고사된 벼는 무접종구에 비하여 등숙율은 현미천립중은 감소되었다. 2. 고사시기가 같아도 수잉기부터 가해구는 출수기부터 가해구보다 등숙율 현미천립중, 현미수량이 낮았다. 3. 고사된 벼의 감수율은 무접종에 비하여 고사시기에 따라 였으며 출수후 고사일수(X)와 수량(Y)간에는 다음과 같은 관계가 있었다. o 수잉기이후가해 : o 출수기이후가해 : .

멸치는 남해안에서는 여러 단계의 크기의 것이 혼획되는데, 가다랭이 미끼용으로는 채장 6-7m의 것이 알맞으므로, 이 크기의 것을 가급적 언중 확보하기 위해서는, 그 분포상을 조사하여 적정 자원이 가장 많이 출현하는 해역을 알 필요가 있다. 또, 멸치의 크기에 따라 상품가치도 크게 다르므로 멸치 어업을 합리적으로 운영하기 위해서나, 자원의 관리를 위해서도 채장 조사는 중요하다. 여기서는 멸치어업이 주로 이루어지는 7월부터 12월의 한국 동남 해역에 있어서의 멸치의 분포상에 관하여 조사한 것을 보고한다

1) 본 보고는 1965년 10월초 수도백엽고병이 격발한 전라남도내 담양읍, 대전면을 위시하여 천변인 영산포, 해안지대인 수포등 현재에서 피해상황과 그 원인 등을 조사해석하여 방제의 자료로 하고자 한 것이다. (2) 이앙기의 한발과 7월의 호우 등으로 인한 일부답의 침수는 본병이 조기다발하기에 알맞는 기상조건이었다. (3) 담양지방에서는 7월초순 호우가 있은 후, 일부 침수답에서 7월중순에 초발을 보게 되었으며, 농민들이 새로운 큰 병해라고 인식이 높아졌다. (4) 이앙기가 빠른 답일수록 피해가 많았다. (5) 침수지구의 피해가 심하였다. (6) 품종간의 차이가 확연하였으며, 특히, 전남풍, 천본욱이 약하고 농림 6호는 강한 편이었다. (7) 평야부가 고지대보다 피해가 많았다. (8) 휴한답이 이모작답에 비하여 피해가 심하였다. (9) 습답, 반습답에 피해가 심한 편이며 건답이 적은 편이었다. (10) 물고부근의 피해가 내부보다 많은 편이다. (11) 점형발생답을 많이 볼 수 있었다. (12) 발병하였을 때의 낙수가 병세를 조장시켰다는 농민이 다수였다.

최근 도심지의 초고층 건물 및 대형 구조물이 늘어나면서 고강도콘크리트 사용이 증가되고 있으며, 이를 적용한 구조물에 화재시 부재 표면이 고온에 노출될 경우 심한 폭음과 함께 콘크리트의 균열을 발생시켜 구조물의 내력이 저하시킬 수 있다. 따라서 내화모르타르를 구조부재에 활용하기 위하여 산업부산물(플라이애시, 고로슬래그 미분말)과 섬유 혼입(PP섬유, PVA 섬유, 강섬유)으로 내화모르타르의 내화특성을 비교분석하여 고강도콘크리트의 폭열방지를 위한 내화소재 개발의 기초적인 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

Robot ALICE@ERICA is a service robot developed to receive donations and to provide information services. ALICE@ERICA stands for Artificial Learning Intelligence robot for Culture and Entertainment at ERICA. In order to achieve the specific purpose of receiving donations, proper appearance design, appropriate movement and good communication skills are required in terms of HRI. In this paper, we introduce three strategies for developing robots to receive donations effectively. The first is to design a robot that makes people feel intimacy, the second is to approach only one of several people as a donor, and finally the donor communicates with video contents and voice recognition. A survey was conducted on the person who showed the reaction after the robot donated money in public places. Based on the survey results, it is proved that the method presented in this study effectively contributed to fund raising. If robots can perform actions that require high level of HRI, such as donation, robots can contribute more to human society. We hope that this study contributes to the improvement of human happiness.

There are more than 9,300 bridges on the highway, of which about 34%(3,150) are PSCI bridges. The safety of these bridges is directly influenced by the tensile strength of the internal tendons(strand) and the strength of the concrete compared to the reinforcing bars from the design viewpoint. Therefore, in this paper, for the maintenance plan considering the damage of the internal tendons, the internal tendon cutting and truck loading test was conducted and deflection and appearance status change was analyzed. As a result of the test, deflection increased and flexural cracks occurred on center of the girder. And longitudinal direction cracks followed tendon placement occurred on a bottom flange.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between the appearance of hypodense hepatic nodules on dynamic CT images and acute alcoholic hepatitis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Sixty-two patients (male:female=57:5, mean age=51.4±10.9 years) with alcoholic cirrhosis were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups; group A (nodules, n=23), group B (fatty liver < 40 Hounsfield unit (HU) without nodules, n=18), and group C (control, n=21). Liver nodules in Group A had characteristic low density during pre- and all post-contrast phases versus liver parenchyma and fewer or complete resolution of nodules on follow up CT after alcohol withdrawal. Densities (HU) of nodules and hepatic parenchyma, ascites scores, and laboratory values were analyzed. Mean densities of hepatic parenchyma in groups A and B were significantly lower than in the control group. Serum bilirubin, AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine transaminase), PT (prothrombin time), and ascites scores were significantly higher in group A than in the other two groups. As numbers of liver nodules increased nodules’ attenuation decreased. Mean serum AST and ALT were higher in patients with many nodules than in patients with few nodules. Hypodense hepatic nodules in alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis are probably benign nodules resulting from focal steatosis or hepatocellular necrosis rather than metastases.

The seasonal appearance and the chemical composition characteristics of cladode of Opuntia humifusa were investigated in this study. The minor (horizontal) and major (vertical) axes, the width, and weight of O. humifusa cladode were compared for its appearance features. Moisture, crude protein, ash, fat, color, dietary fiber, mineral, and amino acids contents were measured for the comparison of their chemical composition characteristics. The cladode of O. humifusa harvested in summer showed higher values of minor and major axis, width, and weight than those harvested in winter. According to the results of Hunter color index, cladode of O. humifusa harvested in summer showed the highest lightness level (Hunter L value). In the meanwhile, cladode of O. humifusa harvested in spring showed the highest Hunter a (redness) and b (yellowness) values. Cladode of O. humifusa harvested in summer had the lowest crude protein and crude fat contents, while it showed the highest crude ash content. The total contents of moisture and dietary fiber were significantly greater than summer-harvested cladode of O. humifusa followed by spring- and winter-harvested cladode of O. humifusa. The major mineral content of all seasonal cladode of O. humifusa was Ca2+. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the major amino acids in all seasonal samples. Contrary, the contents of total amino acids and free amino acids were the lowest in summer-harvested cladode of O. humifusa. Taken together, it was concluded that the appearance and chemical quality of cladode of O. humifusa was versatile depending on the harvesting season.

본 연구는 신 중년여성을 연구대상으로 대중매체를 통해서 지각된 외모에 대한 사회문화적 태 도가 개인의 신체이미지와 외모관리행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 서울 경기에 거주하는 40-50대 중년여성을 대상으로 총168부의 설문지를 분석자료로 사용하였고, 빈도분 석과 요인분석, 다중회귀분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과를 보면 첫째, 외모에 대한 사회문화적 태 도에 대한 요인분석결과 일반적 내재화, 압력, 정보의 3가지 요인으로 분류되었으며, 신체이미 지에 대한 요인분석결과 외모지향, 외모평가, 신체만족도의 3가지 요인이 도출되었고, 외모관리 행동에 대한 요인분석결과는 의복관리, 피부 관리, 체형관리의 3가지 요인으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 외모에 대한 사회문화적 태도가 신체이미지에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 외모지향, 외모 평가, 신체만족도 모두 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 외모에 대한 사회문화적 태도가 중년여성들의 외모관리행동에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결 과 의복관리와 체형관리 요인에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The objective of this study was to evaluate grain appearance and cooked rice taste preferred by Africans for the rice ecotype of one Japonica variety, one Indica variety, and two varieties of Tongil type as compared with Korean’s preference. The preferred grain appearance by Africans who have participated as panelists was in the order of grain length, aroma, and shape, while Korean preferred rice quality in the order of appearance(head rice) and grain length. Africans preferred imported Indica rice from Thailand the most, while Korean preferred Japonica Haimi the most. Overall, African preferred aromatic rice with long grain, while Korean preferred short grain rice with high head rice ratio. In the evaluation of cooked rice taste, there was no significant statistical difference between varieties preferred by Africans. Whereas, Koreans showed clear preference in the order of Haiami > Dasan 1 = Hanareum > Indica rice. The preference analysis results of cooked rice taste subjected to Japonica and Indica which showed clear preference by Koreans revealed that Africans from Cameroon, DR Congo, and Tanzania preferred Haimai. Meanwhile, the Africans from Uganda, Mali, and Nigeria preferred imported Indica rice from Thailand. The Africans from Kenya, Malawi, Ghana, and Sudan showed similar preference among Japonica and Indica varieties. The study results indicated that Africans had different preference of cooked rice taste for eco-type rice varieties by different nations. It is regarded that additional research would be conducted to evaluate cooked rice taste by the appropriate numbers of panelists from various field and by the various rice varieties including rice variety preferred by different African countries.

Inactivation of the gene (DFR-A) coding for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway results in a yellow bulb color in onion (Allium cepa L.) and three inactive alleles have previously been identified in onion. Additionally, three active and six inactive DFR-A alleles were newly identified from extensive analyses of diverse onion germplasm. Presently, a yellow mutant containing a 171-bp deletion in the promoter region was identified and designated DFR-APD. Critically reduced transcription of this mutant allele and perfect co-segregation with color phenotypes in segregating populations were observed. Another yellow mutant (DFR-A5’DEL) containing a 518-bp deletion covering exons 1 and 2, which played important roles in DFR function, was identified. Meanwhile, both 2-bp and 4-bp insertions in the coding region leading to creation of pre-mature stop codons were also identified and designated DFR-AGT and DFR-A2AT, respectively. A 1-bp substitution mutation (DFR-AK48N) changing a positively charged lysine residue into a neutral asparagine was identified. This lysine residue, a NADPH binding site, was strictly conserved in other species. In addition, insertion of a leucine residue around substrate binding sites and catalytic triad was identified in several yellow accessions and was designated DFR-ATTA. Phylogenetic analysis of DFR-A alleles showed that all inactive alleles were independently derived from four different active alleles. In addition, the close relatedness and diversity of DFR-A mutants implied that all these mutations might have occurred after domestication of onions and had probably been maintained by artificial selection.

For natural human-robot interaction, we need to know location and shape of facial feature in real environment. In order to track facial feature robustly, we can use the method combining particle filter and active appearance model. However, processing speed of this method is too slow. In this paper, we propose two ideas to improve efficiency of this method. The first idea is changing the number of particles situationally. And the second idea is switching the prediction model situationally. Experimental results is presented to show that the proposed method is about three times faster than the method combining particle filter and active appearance model, whereas the performance of the proposed method is maintained.