Cho, Tae-Rin. 2015. “On the change of Korean dialect and dialect research: Beyond the boundary of regional dialect and social dialect”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(1). 177~199. The purpose of this paper is to examine the changing shape of regional dialect and social dialect in Korea, finally in order to seek the possibility of change and development direction of the Korean dialect researches. Firstly, this paper reviews not only the conceptual difference between regional dialect and social dialect but also the changing shape of actual relation between regional dialect research and social dialect research in Korea. And then, signs of change in Korean dialect research are analyzed by looking at the current state and characteristics of Korean social dialect research. This analysis shows that the distinction between regional dialect research and social dialect research is no longer rigid, and that Korean dialect research needs a new approach and development direction in order to go beyond the earlier researches focused on regional dialect and level of phoneme, prosody, vocabulary, etc. Finally, this paper is concluded by proposing two development directions of Korean dialect research as follows. (1) Research on regional and social difference of Korean language on a level of discourse. (2) Research on aspect of contact among standard language and dialects in Korea.

and mimetic words between Korean and Chinese internet communication”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(1). 145~175. The purpose of this paper is to compare the usages of onomatopoeia and mimetic words between Korean and Chinese internet communication. In this paper, we summarize concretely what kinds of onomatopoeia and mimetic words have been used, and analyze the semantic function, the features of the usages of onomatopoeia and mimetic words, dividing them into two types of “came from everyday words” and “made in internet”. The results of analysis are the followings. The fact that there are some concomitant features of the usages of onomatopoeia and mimetic words between Korean and Chinese network communication were confirmed. On the contrary, there are also a few kinds of differences. On account of character input features of Chinese, many pinyin character's repetition forms and pinyin character reduction forms had been used. The “ORZ” and other image letters were used for positive and negative emotion together by China netizens. Take it as a whole, because of differences in characters and character input mode of two languages, there are differences of the usages of onomatopoeia and mimetic words. But they have many similarities of usages, on account of the same motivation and culture of netlanguage use between Korean and Chinese internet communication.

Park, Eun-Ha. 2015. “Social Discrimination Factors in Korean Coursebooks: Focused on Korean Coursebooks for Female Marriage Immigrants, Immigrant Workers, and North Korean Refugees”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(1). 55~83. This study investigates and analyzes social discrimination factors occurring in Korean coursebooks that disfavor immigrant workers, female marriage immigrants, and North Korean refugees as minorities in Korea. Therefore we examine what kind of social discrimination factors high placed and how these are presented in both verbal and nonverbal expressions. With regard to verbal forms, we examine discriminatory expressions in sentences and conversations including vocabularies commonly used in Korean coursebooks. The result prove that of all other forms of social discrimination found in Korean coursebooks, instances of gender role stereotypes occur most frequently. The second most frequently verbal discriminatory expression found referred to gender personality and behavior, while the third most frequently used discriminatory expression referred to physical appearance and body image. Also revealed in the study was a high recurrence of referencing gender role stereotypes in Korean coursebooks for female marriage immigrants as found through comparing two particular coursebooks. Concerning nonverbal forms, we examine discriminatory expressions in main characters and illustrations. In three types of Korean coursebooks, we observe a high recurrence of gender-biases when discussing job positions. For examples, one coursebook referred to restaurant work as suited for women, while describing the position of doctor as male job. Korean coursebooks for immigrants further reveal discrimination in their descriptions of socioeconomic status as determining so-called higher citizenship status. In illustrations, gender-biases of job and gender role stereotypes were presented more frequently in three kinds of Korean coursebooks than in the other kinds.

The purpose of this study is to analyze part of speech distribution according to proficiency level in 66 Korean textbooks used in major Korean language institutes. Since the number of Korean learners with instrumental motivation has significantly increased, it becomes a very important issue to evaluate their Korean proficiency levels measured through the official assessment of Korean Proficiency Test (TOPIK). Language teaching is subject to certain target learners, and it is necessary to proceed along with studies on them by considering the utilization of their research results. With regard to the distribution of different parts of speech throughout the proficiency levels, 593,100 nouns accounted for 47.86% of the total, 267,334 verbs accounted for 21.57%, and 108,593 adjectives accounted for 8.76%. Other than these three major parts of speech, those that modify other elements of a sentence show a comparatively high percentage. Although many parts of the textbooks contain dialogues or conversational sentence examples, the percentage of abbreviated words or exclamations that represent the characteristics of the spoken language were not very high.

Suh, Kyunghee. 2014. Pulling off Being Both Adversarial and Neutralistic: The case of Korean News Interview. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(3). This study analyzes how a journalist can design his question to strike a balance between two competing journalistic norms-neutrality and adversarialness-within the framework of conversation analysis. An analysis of the three news interview segments in JTBC News 9 reveals that the interviewer, Seok-hee Sohn, resorts to the extensive use of prefaced questions. These prefaced questions depict the third person-attributed statements in a way that distances Sohn from his more overtly opinionated remarks. The use of quotation from others serves a dual function: it enables the interviewer to express adversarial criticism of his guests, while maintaining a formally neutralistic posture. Yet this strategy is also employed to give the interviewee the chance to justify him/herself. Particular attention should be given to the observation that Sohn deliberately refrains from asking questions after revealing sensitive details about the interviewee. The interviewer sometimes implicitly voices his own adversarial stance even in a seemingly neutralistic question, thereby showing how the interviewer can function as a ‘devil's advocate’ in a news interview. The question design examined in this study suggests that innovation in question design and rhetoric in news interviews can reflect changes in social and political attitudes, norms, and behavior.

This paper aims to analyze the scores assigned to compositions of Korean as a foreign language (KFL) in terms of the many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM) model. The MFRM computer program Facets has recently been updated and this research uses it in order to investigate the scoring reliability of KFL writing test. For the research data the Korean compositions written by 270 KFL learners were collected and rated by eleven Korean raters. At first a brief theoretical basis for the Facets is introduced based on the MFRM model. Then focusing on the raters’ characteristics such as rating consistency and fitness in terms of the rating scheme of content/organization and language, the collected scores of KFL compositions are analyzed and the analysis results are interpreted. As a result, a few cases of unreliable scoring of Korean raters are identified, but it appears that the ratings of Korean raters for a standardized KFL writing test are generally reliable. Finally it is suggested that the Facets program of MFRM offer many potential advantages for validating the scoring reliability of Korean writing assessment.

외국어로서의 한국어 쓰기 교육을 실시함에 있어 학습자들에게 효과적인 텍스트를 제공하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면 그들의 스키마를 계발하고 글에 대한 이해력을 증진시켜 의사소통 능력을 향상시키는 데 효과적인 텍스트는 그 무엇보다 중요하기 때문이다. 이런 점에서 텍스트를 활용한 쓰기 교육 방안을 정립하는 일의 중요성은 매우 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 사전연구의 일환으로 ‘어떤 텍스트들이 학습자들의 쓰기 능률에 영향을 미치는지’ 조사하였다. 본 연구는 향후 한국어 쓰기 교육의 올바른 텍스트 선정 상을 정립하는 데 그 목적이 있으며, 아울러 쓰기 교육을 위한 텍스트를 선정하거나 제작할 때 어떤 요소들이 고려되어야 하는지 그 방향을 제시하는 데에도 그 목적이 있다. 이 같은 연구는 쓰기 자료로서 텍스트가 갖는 중요성을 환기시킴은 물론 학습자들의 스키마를 계발하는 데 필요한 ‘교육용 텍스트’ 개발에 참고가 될 것이다.

본고는 韓國語를 專攻으로 운영하는 海外의 大學 중 이탈리아대학에서 이루어지는 漢字授業을 위한 漢字敎材의 內容과 構成에 대해 具體的으로 논의한 것이다. 본고의 논의는 세 가지 部分으로 이루어졌다. 첫 번째는 序文에 해당되는 부분으로 한국어와 관련된 한자의 내용이 다루어졌다. 구체적으로, 韓半島에서의 漢字表記의 歷史, 漢字가 韓國語에 미친 影響 및 韓國語 內에서의 漢字의 位置 및 使用樣相 등을 論議하였다. 이 부분은 특히 非漢字文化圈 한국어 학습자에게는 필요한 교육 내용이라고 할 수 있다. 두 번째는 교육 대상이 될 한자와 한자어의 선정과 관련된 부분이다. 이를 위해 현재 해외의 대학에서 사용되고 있는 몇몇 韓國語敎材에 제시되어 있는 語彙 중 한자 및 한자어들을 대상으로 하여 네 가지 選定基準(造語力․頻度數․難易度․基礎字)에 따라 한자교재에서 다룰 한자를 選別하였다. 대상이 된 한자들은 다시 系列關係를 이루는 것이나 體系的으로 분류할 수 있는 것으로 묶어서 領域別로 제시되었다. 본고에서는 총 390여개의 한자와 이들 한자가 결합되어 사용되는 한자어 중에서 敎材, 日常生活, 時事的인 分野에서 자주 등장하는 것들을 選別하여 총 1110여개의 한자어를 제시하였다. 세 번째는 교재의 內容과 構成에 대한 부분이다. 이는 細部的으로 本文의 내용과 구성, 읽기의 내용과 구성, 연습의 내용과 구성으로 나누어져 구체적인 예를 통해 살펴보았다.

Chae Choon-ok. 2014. A Contrastive Analysis of Euphemistic Language for Death in Korean and Chinese. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). A euphemism is a phenomenon of language universally existing in many national languages in the world, which can trace back to ‘taboo’ culture of the primitive age. A euphemism is to change an expression hearing bad or giving the negative nuance into an expression hearing good or to mitigate the negative nuance. In this study, I first examined the prototype theory as a cognitive factor of euphemistic language, and then carried out contrastive analysis of euphemisms and composition method replacing death among taboo themes in Chinese and Korean. These expressions can be utilized as an alternative to make educational effectiveness utmost by making those who learn Chinese or Korean thoroughly understand euphemisms of two languages.

This study aims to study factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency for North Korean Refugee Adolescents dwelling in Korea. 30 North Korean Refugee Adolescents were asked to answer three different questionnaires designated to investigate Korean language proficiency, Acculturative Stress and demographic background. This study adopts altered TOPIK for the evaluation of Korean language proficiency, and focuses on finding out the relationship of Korean language proficiency with sexuality, age, years of Korean study, and duration of dwelling in China. The SPSS for windows 15 was used for the statistical analysis. Acculturative Stress Scale was measured with the ASIS that was developed by Sandhuand Asrabadi(1994) and Proficiency Test that was selected by TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korea) session 22, 23. Cronbach for Acculturative Stress Scale was 0.898. Internal consistency reliability for Korean proficiency test was 0.897. The result shows that learning methods(Korean friends or books), duration of stay in China, Korean use, learning period, age, and gender have significant relationship with level of Korean proficiency, especially periods living in China has more significant relationship with the proficiency. The result from this study helps to recognize factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency. Specifically, the Korean proficiency of North Korean Refugee Adolescents who live in Korea has a close relationship with Acculturative Stress Scale. These facts indicate that not only the Korean education are required to effectively increase the Korean education itself, but also developing the competency of Cultural Acculturation are needed to be followed up as well for North Korean Mission.

This article aims to reveal the boundary between humor and murye/bulson. Murye/bulson and humor are one of the inferences aspects of conversational implicature. Mechanisms to consider murye/bulson as humor present as follows: multiple indirectness and virtual world in the contexts understood to be untrue, existences sympathized within familiarity, conversions of implicature, setting, relation and area. These mechanisms permit to deviate from individual responsibility and offset murye/bulson. On the other hand, according to bulson implicature, there are situational·relational conditions that humor is not allowed any more as humor: Korea's sensitive topics cling to previous negative situations·emotions, invasion of privacy against expected values, gender inequality, class distinction, neglecting the weak, disparagement of appearance violating the limit of emotions and disregarding status.

This paper sought to analyze the frequency of appearance of final consonants in Korean in order to provide basic data for teaching foreign learners pronunciation. In this paper, the audio materials contained in the elementary textbooks, ‘Korean as a foreign language 1, 2’ were transcribed into Hangul and the frequencies of appearance of phonemes were analyzed using SynKDP ver 1.6. The results showed that the frequency of final consonants out of all phonemes was approximately 14%. Of the final consonants, 88% were shown to be sonorants /m, n, ŋ, I/ and 12% were shown to be obstruents /p˥, t˥, k˥/. The frequency of appearance of nasal sounds /m, n, ŋ/ was shown to be quite high at approximately 66%. The ratio of obstruents that became nasal sounds by the nasal assimilation, was shown to be approximately 16%. Lateral /l/ sound showed a frequency of 21% and only 1% of them were identified to be the result of the lateralization of obstruents. Meanwhile, approximately 74% of obstruent final consonants involved fortition, and only approximately 26% were pure obstruent final consonants. Finally, cases where the aspiratization occurred after neutralization were found in only 57 words out of 5,577 words in total. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

Lee Jin-sung. 2013. Writing Practice of English Chatting Language and its Different Communication Strategies from That of Korean. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 21(3). The purpose of this study is to introduce writing practice of English chatting language, especially focusing on that of text messages. It also discusses different communication strategies of English chatting language from that of Korean. The two characteristic features of text message writing are presented as a violation of conventional writing practice and various manners of shorthand writings. As for shorthand writings, initialisms, vowel omission, clippings, ideograms, pictograms, and phonetic spellings are dealt, together with their functional perspectives. The communication strategies of English chatting language were found to be reflected only on various shorthand writing practice which depicts the degree of formality but manifests lack of articulating detailed emotion or conversational keys. The communication strategies of Korean chatting language, on the other hand, were found to be able to demonstrate various conversational keys with the help of novel inflectional mutation, shortening, syllable extension, consonant addition or with adoption of regional dialects. While English chatting language is associated with positive influence on literacy, vocabulary, and phonological awareness among children as well as adults, Korean chatting language seems to have somewhat negative influence on standard written language and orthography. (188 words)

한국어 정도부사 ‘좀’은 피수식어의 정도를 약화시킨다는 점에서 대표적이며 중국어 정도부사 ‘有點兒’과 통사적으로 비슷한 점이 많다. 본고에서는 한국어 ‘좀’을 기준으로 중국어 ‘有點兒’과 대조하여 그 통사적 특성을 피수식어의 범주에 따라 피수식어와 공기할 때의 수식제약을 중심으로 살펴보고 그 차이를 밝히고자 했다. 그 결과를 종합하면 ① ‘좀’은 형용사와 제약 없이 공기할 수 있지만 ‘有點兒’은 상태 형용사를 수식할 수 없다. ② ‘좀’은 일반적으로 일부 성상 관형사만을 수식하며 이런 성상 관형사는 중국어에서는 형용사로 표현된다. ③ 정도부사 ‘좀’은 일부 부사만 수식할 수 있으나 ‘有點兒’은 부정부사와 제한된 시간부사를 빼고 다른 부사와 거의 공기할 수 없다. ④ 체언의 수식에서 정도성을 나타내는 명사일 경우 ‘좀’은 ‘명사구+이다’의 형식과 같은 지정사 구를 수식할 수 있다. 중국어에서 원칙적으로 정도부사는 직접 명사를 수식할 수 없지만 어휘 의미가 전환된 결과로 ‘정도부사+명사’의 구조가 많이 사용되고 있는 추세이다. ⑤ 일부 동사도 ‘좀’의 수식대상이 된다. 이럴 경우 중국어에서 ‘동사+得+有點兒+형용사’의 형식으로 표현되면 더 자연스럽다.

Tandem学习法指的是两个不同母语的学习者通过自主地交流来学习对 方的语言和文化等。通过Tandem学习法，学习者不仅能够提高自身的语言 交流能力，而且还可以锻炼自主学习能力、跨文化交际能力以及协助能力 等。它是一种建立在自主学习、跨文化学习和伙伴关系基础上的学习方法。 因此，这种学习法跟自主学习和合作学习理论有密切关系。 本文通过研究自主学习与合作学习的相关理论,借助问卷,调查Tandem 学习者的自主学习能力和同伴评价结果中汉语、韩国语学习的情况,并对问 卷调查结果进行分析和讨论,从而提出改进Tandem学习法的评价模式和方 法。Tandem学习的评价不同于传统的教学评价，像合作学习的评价模式一 样，Tandem学习的评价模式以促进每一个学生的发展为目的，强化小组成 员的积极行为，并为小组合作学习成功提供手段。 本文探讨Tandem课程中同伴评价对学习者的自主学习能力以及汉语、 韩国语学习能力所起的作用。研究结果表明，在使用汉语-韩国语Tandem 课程中，同伴评价对学生的汉语、韩语学习能力影响最大。因此，注重探讨 同伴评价在汉语-韩国语Tandem课程中的可行性和有效性，也发现同伴评 价结果和教师结果的一致性。因此只要设计合理、操作严谨，汉语-韩国语 Tandem课程中的同伴评价可以作为一种有效地评价方式，融入到Tandem 学习法和其他合作学习中，促进学生的外语学习。

Kong Na-hyung, Ju Hyang-a, Gim Joo-sung, Sohn Dong-wook and Son Hyun-jung. 2013. Study on the Korean language education policies for foreign migrant workers based on the accessibility to the educational facilities. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 21(3). This study focuses on the problem of Korean linguistics as social integration policy for foreign migrant workers. Particularly, we look into Korean Immigration & Integration Program(KIIP) to find out how foreign migrant workers can learn Korean language more effectively. In order to analyze the actual conditions of Korean language education for the foreign migrant workers, we adopt linguistic typological methods using Geographic Information System(GIS). Using GIS, we present the spread of the foreign migrant workers population and educational facilities enforcing the KIIP program. We also show some possibilities to improve the educational environment for foreign migrant workers such as the flexibility of class schedules, revision of textbooks and compensation of government. (112 words)

Kang Mi-young and Lee Bolami. 2013. A Study on the Strategy of Approach for Language Policy from the Perspective of Interculturalism: Focus on the Projects of Korean Language Spread Policy Overseas. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 21(3). The purpose of this paper is to consider possible strategies for spreading the Korean Language overseas based on ‘Interculturalism’. Firstly, this paper tries to determine the meaning of Language policy based on ‘Interculturalism’ by discussing several philosophical theories on intercultural relationships: Cultural pluralism, Multiculturalism, Intercultural (Education) and Cultural relativism among others. From these theories, this paper elicits two basic premises into the strategy for realization of interculturalism: (1) interaction based on the equal rights and (2) recognition of the unique and inherent value of individual culture. These premises can be enforced by maximizing free choice volition of recipient of the culture (including Korean as a foreign language or second language). This paper expects a mature Korean language spread policy based on interculturalism - which prefers intercultural relationship to education efficiency - to King Sejong Institute and Nuri-King Sejong Institute which are well known as an offline and online institution respectively, for teaching and promoting Korean language and culture to people who want to learn Korean as a foreign language or second language. (172 words)

본 연구의 목적은 한국어의 맛을 표현하는 형용사들을 수집하고 분석하여 정성적 관능형가에 사용할 주요 형용사 척도를 발굴하는 일이었다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 음식의 관능평가에 사용되는 맛, 질감, 온도감 및 냄새 등을 포함하는 우리말 형용사 92개를 선별하여 유사성을 평정하고, 이 형용사 사이의 상관관계를 이용하여 요인분석, 군집분석 등을 실시하였다. 요인분석 결과 한국어에서 음식들의 맛을 표현하는 형용사를 설명하는 요인은 10개 이상으로 다양하였으며, 군집분석 결과 맛 표현 형용사는 보편적인 맛 표현 형용사, 부정적인 맛 표현 형용사, 음식의 질감, 온도감, 냄새 등을 표현하는 형용사 군 등으로 군집화 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 맛의 선호도에 해당하는 긍정적이거나 부정적인 맛을 표현하는 형용사들과 군집분석 결과로 부터 얻어진 군집 대표 형용사들과의 관계역시 상관계수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 결과는 향후 축약된 맛에 대한 관능평가 형용사 척도 발굴에 있어서는 음식 종류를 한정하여야 함을 의미할 수 있다.