In this study, we examined the effects of egg yolk powder added to flour dough on the lipid oxidation of fried products during storage. The flour dough containing the egg yolk powder (0, 5, and 10%) was fried in sunflower oil at 180℃ for 90 sec. The fried products were then stored at 60℃ for 9 days in the dark. The lipid oxidation of the fried products was evaluated by fatty acid composition, peroxide values (POV), conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) contents, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values. The color and phospholipids (PL) contents of the fried products were also determined by colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The addition of egg yolk powder to the dough decreased the POV, CDA contents, and TBA values of the fried products during storage. Although POV, CDA contents, and TBA values significantly increased in the products without egg yolk powder during storage, little change was observed in the products with egg yolk powder. The PL contents remained relatively constant in the fried products added with egg yolk powder during storage. The lightness and greenness of the fried products decreased, and the yellowness increased, as the storage time increased. The results clearly indicate that the addition of egg yolk powder to the dough improved the lipid oxidative stabiliy of the fried products during storage in the dark, and the PL in the egg yolk might have contributed to the improvements in lipid oxidative stability.

This study was conducted to investgate the effect of gamma irradiation on the lipid oxidation, olfactory properties, fatty acid isomer and volatile compound profiles of five different oil sources. Three plant oils, canola oil, corn oil and soy oil, and two animal fat, tallow and fish oil, were irradiated with 0, 5, 10, and 20 kGy level of dose by Co-60 as a radiation source. Lipid oxidation parameters, FFA, POV and TBARS, were determined according to the AACC and AOCS method. Olfactory property of irradiated oil sources was analyzed using electronic nose (FOX3000, AlphaMOS Co., France) with 12 metal oxide sensors and the result was interpreted using principle component analysis program. Fatty acid isomer profiles and volatile compound profiles of irradiated oils were also measured by GC and GC-MS, respectively. Although the free fatty acid level of oil were the highest by high dose level (20 kGy) of irradiation, changes of both TBARS and POV values by gamma irradiation were varied between oil sources and irradiation level of dose. Electronic nose analysis showed a distinct difference among dose levels of irradiation. Although there was no new volatile compound produced by gamma irradiation, amounts of each volatile compounds were increased by irradiation. Only cis isomer, 9c12c15c of linolenic acid was dose-dependently decreased as irradiation level increased but there was no difference among other isomer profiles of linoleic acid and linolenic acid by gamma irradiation. This study showed that changes in physico-chemical properties of both plant and animal oil were remarkable by gamma irradiation. Therefore, a further study should be needed to scrutinize the interaction among lipid oxidation, production of volatile compounds and off-flavor, and isomerization of fatty acid by gamma-irradiation.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of aged garlic extract (AGE) on the color and lipid oxidation of ground chicken during refrigerated storage. The leg meat from 6 weeks-broiler was chopped and added with 4% of distilled water (control) and AGE, respectively, and then stored at 4±0.2℃ for 8 days. The commercial garlic was aged for the relatively short time (40-90℃/300 hr →natural dryness/40 hr→20-30℃/30-50 hr). The pH value was not significantly different between control and AGE-added chicken. The TBARS level of chicken was remarkably inhibited by addition of AGE during storage. In CIE color values, AGE-added chicken showed lower L* and higher b*, C* and Ho values than those of control during storage. Therefore, the addition of AGE in ground chicken enhanced the lipid oxidative stability and change to dark color.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cryoprotectants, warming solution and removal of lipid on open pulled straw vitrification (OPS) method of porcine embryos produced by nuclear transfer (NT) of fetal fibroblasts. All solutions used during vitrification were prepared with holding medium consisting of 25 mM Hepes buffered TCM199 medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 38.5℃. The blastocysts derived from NT with or without lipid were vitrified in each medium of different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG). Also, blastocysts after cryopreservation were warmed into different concentrations of sucrose in warming solution. The optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants in vitrification solution were 10% DMSO + 10% EG in vitrification solution 1 (VS1) and 20% DMSO + 20% EG in vitrification solution 2 (VS2). The optimal concentrations of sucrose were 0.3 M sucrose in warming solution 1 (WS1) and 0.15 M sucrose in warming solution 2 (WS2). Lipid removal from oocytes before NT enhanced the viability of NT embryos after vitrification. Our results show that use of the OPS method in conjunction with lipid removal provides effective cryopreservation of porcine nuclear transfer embryos.

Tremella fuciformis were collected from dead Quercus limbs at Haenam, Jeonnam province in 2003 and cultured in artificial media with Hypoxylon sp., a symbiotic fungi. Various extracts were prepared from this cultured mushroom according to three experimental settings and their antioxidant properties were examined. Antioxidant activity of extracts from Tremella fuciformis was evaluated by scavenging activity of 2,2´-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity. Among the extracts, the chloroform extract from in experimental setting I showed the most potent radical scavenging activity in each assay, showing 56% of DPPH radical scavenging activity at 1,000 ppm and 35.7% of ABTS+scavenging activity at 1,000 ppm. Total phenolic content were estimated in various extract by using caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and ferulic acid as standards. Correlations of phenolic content in each extracts with antioxidant activity will be discussed in this study.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fructose(F) or sucrose(S) and guar gum intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 15-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were different in carbohydrate(25% of carbohydrate) and fiber(5% w/w) sources. The carbohydrate(CHO) sources of each group were comstarch(control group, 100% of CHO), fructose with cellulose(F), fructose with guar gum(FG), sucrose with cellulose(S), and sucrose with guar gum(SG). Each group was fed exterimental diet for 4 weeks. We measured food intake, body weight gain, adipose tissues weight and organs weight. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and measured plasma insulin concentration to examine carbohydrate metabolism. To evaluate lipid metabolism, we measured the lipid profile of plasma, liver and feces. Food intake and weight gain of FG or SG groups tended to be less than those of F or S groups. Perirenal and epididymal fat pad weights of SG group were significantly lower than those of S group and those of FG group tended to be lower than those of F group. In OGTT, blood glucose values of F or S groups were significantly higher than those of C group, and FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups during the experimental time. The area under the curve(AUC) of C group was significantly highest among the groups, AUC and plasma insulin concentration of FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) of FG and SG groups were significantly lower than those of F and S groups, plasma and hepatic total lipid(TL) and total cholesterol(TC) of FG and SG groups tended to be lower than those of F and S groups. Fecal TL, TG and TC of FG or SG groups tended to be higher than those of F and S groups. In conclusion, intake of guar gum should improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in partial substitution of fructose or sucrose for cornstarch in GK rats.

월동기간 동안 zoysiauass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr]와 creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Hunds)의 뿌리에서 저온 스트레스에 대한 생리학적 반응을 규명하기 위해 지질과산화 정도와 효소적 항산화 반응 및 탄수화물의 변화를 조사하였다. 1월 말 Creeping bentgrass의 뿌리 고사율은 zoysiagrass 보다 약 20% 현저히 높게 나타났다. Creeping bentgrass의

To study on antioxidant effects in the liver of 40-week-old mouse, the sample were orally pretreated 5mg/kg/day for 5 days with red ginseng saponin components(total saponin, protopanaxadiol saponin, protopanaxatriol saponin, ginsenoside-Rd, ginsenoside-Re, compound-K) for 5 days. The ability of saponin to protect the mouse liver from oxidative damage was examined by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and the contents of glutathione, the level of malondialdehyde, The only protopanaxadiol among the ginseng saponin fractions was significantly increased the hepatic SOD activity(p<0.01). The red ginseng saponin induced a slight increase of GPx activity, especially ginsenoside Rd, compound K and protopanaxatriol treatments significantly increased its activity. The content of glutathione was significantly increased by total saponin, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd(p<0.01), but the oxidized glutathione level was lowered in all the red ginseng saponin. Finally, the level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased by ginsenoside Rd and protopanaxadiol. In conclusion, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd among the saponin fraction were especially increased in the activity of hepatic antioxidative enzyme and decreased the lipid peroxidation that was expressed in term of MDA formation. This comprehensive antioxidant effects of red ginseng saponin seems to be by a certain action of saponin other than a direct antioxidant action.

We investigated the effect of different kinds of dietary added fat on the fatty acid composition, cholesterol content and quality of hens‘ eggs. The Haugh units, breaking strength, shell thickness and yolk color were not significant difference among the groups. Dietary fat notably altered the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in the egg yolk. The n-6 fatty acid of egg yolk was highest in the corn oil fed group with 31.61%, and this tended to decrease in the order of the tallow, linseed oil and fish oil fed groups(p<0.05). The n-3 fatty acid of egg yolk tended to increase in the linseed oil and fish oil fed groups as 9.74% and 5.16%, respectively(p<0.05). Theses alterations in the yolk fatty acid composition resulted in a reduced cholesterol content of the eggs. The ranges of cholesterol content showed values of 15.98-18.37 mg/g of yolk or 227-261 mg/60g of egg, respectively(p<0.05). The cholesterol content of egg yolk was highest in the tallow fed group, and this tended to be reduced in the order of the fish oil, linseed oil and corn oil fed groups(p<0.05). The reduction of the egg yolk cholesterol content in the other groups compared to the tallow group was significantly different, i.e., 13.01% in the fish oil group, 11.49% in the linseed oil group and 6.91% in the corn oil group, respectively(p<0.05). This result suggests that it is possible to reduce the cholesterol content or to increase the n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in eggs by manipulation of the dietary added fats.

KWNP의 특정 손상에 대한 회복 효과에 대한 과학적인 접근을 하기 위해서 본 연구를 수행하였다. 실험은 STZ를 복강 주사하여 당뇨를 유발, 220mg dL-1 이상인 실험동물을 이용하여 수행되었으며 방사선 전신 조사 실험군과 KWNP 처리군 간의 각 항목 분석치를 비교, 분석하였다. 실험 5주간의 체중증가율은 방사선 처리군과 당뇨군 모두 대조군에 비하여 낮게 나타났으며 특히 당뇨군에서는 통계적으로 유의적으로 낮았다. 정소와 비장, 또 당뇨

This study was conducted to examine the correlation among meals variety, obesity index, blood pressure, and lipid profiles of Korean adults. A total of 308 adults(men 124, women 184) measured the anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, dietary intake using 24-hour recall method, and serum lipid profile. The average ages of the study subjects were 50.9 yrs in men and 51.4 yrs in women. The average height, weight and BMI were 166.3 cm, 68.4 kg, 24.7 kg/cm2 in men and 154.3 cm, 59.8 kg, 25.0 kg/cm2 in women, respectively. The numbers of food items in meal of men and women were 14.1, 15.9 for breakfast, 15.7, 15.9 for lunch, 14.7, 14.1 for dinner, respectively. The numbers of dish items in meal of men and women were 4.0, 4.3 for breakfast, 4.3, 4.3 for lunch, 4.2, 3.9 for dinner, respectively. The average blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were 126.6/76.0 mmHg, 181.0 mg/dL, 157.7 mg/dL, 40.9 mg/dL, 108.6 mg/dL, 3.5 in men and 123.2/73.6 mmHg, 185.0 mg/dL, 137.3 mg/dL, 44.8 mg/dL, 112.7 mg/dL, 3.2 in women, respectively. The total cholesterol was negatively correlated to the number of food item for lunch(p〈0.05). Therefore, more systematic studies to investigate the meal variety roles of blood lipids in meals of adults were required.

The effects of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) leaf dry powder on serum lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups and fed high fat diets for sis weeks. Experimental groups were following diets; Control group (CON), 40 % animal and plant high fat group (AHF and PHF) control with 2% Lotus leaf dry powder group (CLDP), animal and plant high fat diets with 2% Lotus leaf powder group (AHFLDP, PHFLDP). Tissue weights of liver, heart, kidney, spleen and lung of AHF group exposed rats were decreased by PHFLDP groups. The concentrations of serum triglyceride in rats fed the CLDP and PHFLDP group were lower than those in other groups. The concentrations of total cholesterol in CLDP and PHFLDP group the were lower than those in AHF groups. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in serum of the CLDP and PHFLDP groups were significantly higher than those of other groups. The levels of LDL-cholesterol in serum of the CLDP and PHFLDP groups were tended to be lower than those of other groups. GPT and GOT were decreased in CLDP and PHFLDP groups and than in the AHF group. LDHase was lower in CLDP and PHFLDP groups than in the AHF group. These results suggest that 2% Lotus leaf dry powder groups may reduce elevated levels of serum lipid concentrations in rats fed high fat.