This study was conducted to clarify the antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the biological composition having the Phytolacca americana, and to enhance the natural materials utilization of foods and cosmetics. The antimicrobial activities of the different parts of P. americana were evaluated using the agar diffusion test. The antimicrobial activity of P. americana was relatively high in Malassezia furfur known as a skin fungi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus compared to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, the antimicrobial activity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus did not show at all parts of P. americana. Both the DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity have been increased with the higher concentration of methanol extract. In particular, leaf extract of P. americana exhibited the highest activity both ABTS radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The nitrite scavenging activity was decreased when the pH was changed from pH 1.2 to pH 6.0. The highest nitrite scavenging activity was exhibited from the methanol extract of fruit, followed by root, stem, and leaf at pH 1.2. However, the nitrite scavenging activity at pH of 6.0 was not almost detected. All plant parts of P. americana showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The highest activity was found in the stem, and followed by root, leaf, and fruit in order. These tyrosinase inhibitory activity was progressively increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In this experiment on the methanol extracts of different organ from P. americana, we confirmed that the extract of P. americana showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Taken together, we conjectured that the P. americana had the potent biological activities, therefore this plant having various functional components could be a good material for development into source of natural food additives and cosmetics

Grain color distinguishes between the pigmentation of the outer layer of the kernel. It is known that environmental factors affects the production of anthocyanins and abiotic stresses like high light intensity, low temperature, high salinity and/or drought stress, and others increase their amounts. After 7 days the germination rate between yellow and dark-purple seeds were almost the same with and without stress (100% yellow seeds under stress and without stress germinated, 93.3% under stress and 96.6% without stress of purple seeds germinated), even though at the final stage the germination was almost the same, we can conclude base on our observations that the germination takes place at a different rate. We think that this might be related to the seed color, since the germination of purple seeds under salt stress started earlier than the yellow ones, until both reached the same point. The antioxidant activity was higher in seedlings from dark-purple seeds than the yellow ones, and they were higher under salt stress than without it, supporting our hypothesis that the purple color in wheat seeds works as a protection under salt stress. Furthermore, the qRT-pCR showed that some genes related to the flavonoid pathway were expressed or had more expression in the seedlings from dark-purple seeds than yellow ones.

본 연구는 열처리 온도 및 시간이 토종 다래(A. arguta) 퓨레의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 70, 80, 90℃의 온도에서 각각 1, 3, 5분간 열처리하여 pH, 당도, pulp 함량, 색도, 점도, 조직감 및 미생물 수 등의 품질특성과 비타민 C, 총 페놀, 항산화 활성을 분석하였다. pH, 당도 그리고 pulp 함량의 경우 열처리 온도가 증가하고 열처리 시간이 길어질수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, L, a, b값과 갈변도는 증가하는 경향으로 나타났으며, 점도와 adhesiveness 또한 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 일반세균과 곰팡이 수는 열처리 온도가 증가하고, 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 대장균군과 효모는 모든 조건에서 검출되지 않았다. 비타민 C와 총 페놀 함량은 온도가 증가하고 열처리 시간이 길어질수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 70℃온도에서의 열처리와 모든 열처리 온도에서 1분간 열처리 시 대조구와 유사하였고 90℃에서 5분간 처리 시 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 항산화 활성은 비타민 C와 총 페놀 함량과 유사한 결과를 나타내었고, 따라서 다래의 항산화 활성은 비타민 C와 총 페놀이 주요한 요인으로 작용한다고 사료된다. 본 연구의 앞선 결과를 통해서 다래 퓨레를 90℃에서 5분간 열처리 시 이화학적 특성과 항산화 활성이 크게 감소하여 품질이 저하되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 본 연구 결과는 다래 퓨레의 안정성 및 상품적 가치판단에 따른 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose Rhei Rhizoma (RR) is one of the herbal medicines traditionally used to treat diverse inflammatory diseases. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Rhei Rhizoma on experimental reflux esophagitis (RE) in rats. Methods The antioxidant activity of RR in vitro was measured in terms of radical scavenging capacity such as DPPH and ABTS. RE was produced by ligating both the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus. Rhei Rhizoma (125 and 250 mg/kg) were administered every day for 7 days, and its effect was estimated on comparison with RE control and normal rats. Results RR scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively and IC50ofDPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of RR were 4.8 μg/ml and 15.75 μg/ml. The administration of RR decreased the elevated serum ROS in RE control rats. The RE control rats exhibited the down-regulation of antioxidant-related proteins such as Nrf2 and HO-1expression levels in the esophagitis; however, the level in the RR-treated RE rats was significantly higher than that in the RE control rats. Moreover, RE control rats exhibited the up-regulation of the protein expression related to oxidative stress at the esophagitis, but RR administration significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins through the MAPK-independent signaling pathways. The expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by NF-κB activation was modulated through blocking the degradation of IκBα. In addition, the oral administration of RR regulated the gastric mucosal damage in RE rats. Conclusion The administration of Rhei Rhizoma effectively ameliorates the inflammatory damage of esophageal mucosa through radical scavenging activity and the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

본 연구는 산화적 스트레스에 대한 당뇨병의 예방과 관리에 대한 청국장과 블랙푸드의 효과를 평가하고자 대두청국장, 약콩청국장 그리고 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 분말을 식이에 첨가하여 STZ로 유도된 당뇨쥐에게 7주간 급여한 후 지질과산화물 함량, 항산화 효소 및 항산화 영양소 상태를 측정하였다. 그 결과 당뇨로 인하여 혈청과 간조직 내 증가된 지질과산화물 함량은 대두 및 블랙푸드가 첨가된 약콩청국장 공급군에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 항산화 효소 중에서 당뇨 유도로 혈청 내 catalase 활성은 변화 없었으나 SOD 활성은 감소되었으며, 이때 약콩청국장의 공급으로 SOD 활성이 유도되었다. 항산화 영양소 중에서 혈청 내 retinol 함량은 당뇨 유도로 낮아졌지만 약콩청국장의 공급으로 7.5배 가량의 증가 현상을 보였고,간 조직 내 retinol과 α-tocopherol 함량은 세종류의 청국장의공급으로 높일수 있었다. 당뇨 유도로 낮아진 간 조직 내의 GSH/GSSG와 비장 조직의 anthocyanin 함량은 약콩청국장,그리고 혈청 내 총 항산화능은 블랙푸드 청국장의 공급으로 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 당뇨병이 유발되었을 때 산화적 스트레스 지표인 지질과산화물 함량은 증가된 반면에, 항산화 효소인 catalase 및 SOD 활성과 항산화 영양소인 retinol, α-tocopherol, GSH/GSSG, TAC 및 anthocyanin 함량이 낮아졌다. 그러나 세종류의 청국장이 당뇨쥐의 산화적 스트레스 반응과 항산화 영양소 상태에 긍정적인 반응효과를 보였다. 이를 기반으로 향후 당뇨병의 예방과 관리를 위한 건강 기능성 식품으로서 청국장 및 블랙푸드의활용 방안에 대한 좀 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다

This research evaluate antioxidant and skin-whitening effect of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai by extraction processes. First, antioxidant effects were follows: EE (70% ethanol extract) showed higher DPPH scavenging activity of 69.66% than WE (hot water exract) 59.13% at 0.3 ㎎/㎖, also UE's (70% ethanol extract by sonication process) higher than EE. Reducing power was that also EE showed higher than WE, and it was the highest value with UE's because of ultrasonic pretreatment. Next, the whitening effect tyrosinase inhibition activity was measured that EE was 23.88%, WE's was 16.69%, and UE was 23.34%. Ultrasonic pretreatment did not influence to tyrosinase inhibition activity. Cell viability showed low cell toxicity in all groups. UE's inhibited melanin synthesis, 55.1%, that is higher than EE and WE, 52.7% and 39.5%, respectively. As a result, we confirmed that antioxidant activities and skin-whitening effect by extraction process. Also, this results confirmed that the Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai extracts worth as cosmetic materials.

This study was conducted to measure the effect of PE film mulching and irrigation methods on the growth, yield and antioxidant activity of potatoes tubers, in order to examine the possibility of cultivating potatoes in winter season in vinyl greenhouse on the reclaimed tidal land with weak ground inside the sea wall currently completed. The test was conducted on the sandy loam soil (Munpo series), and its salt concentration was 0.42% at the time of planting. The emergence speed per kind of PE film mulching was in the order of black > coloration > transparent > green color, with the black color showing the fastest speed. The temperature change during a day per kind of PE film mulching was in the order of transparent > coloration > green > black color. As for the salt concentration in the soil for each different way of water management, the salt concentration in the treatment of drip irrigation with 1 week interval was lower than that drip irrigation with 2 weeks interval. As for the growth of above-aerial part, plant length was higher, number of tiller and leaves were more and dry weight of above-aerial part was larger in the treatment of drip irrigaton with 1 week interval than drip irrigation with 2 weeks interval. As for the yield of potatoes depending on were higher with pear color vinyl treatment. each way of water management, the yield in the treatment of drip irrigation with 1 week interval was more than drip irrigation with 2 weeks interval. The yield for each different kind of PE film mulching in the weekly drip-irrigation management section was in the order of transparent ≥ black ≥ coloration ≥ green color. In both of total phenol content and DPPH free radical activity experiments, the content and activity

This study was to investigate anti-skin wrinkle effect of Agastache rugosa Kentz extracts by extraction processes.In the comparison of the effect of the solvent extraction, the extracts by 70% ethanol (EE) showed better biological activitiesthat those by hot water. Therefore, further fermented Agastache rugosa was applied to 70% ethanol extraction process(FEE). FEE showed higher DPPH scavenging activity of 62.98% than EE’s 62.71% at 1.0㎎/㎖, but there was no significant.Elastase inhibition was measured 23.0% from FEE at 1.0㎎/㎖. Cytotoxicity showed the highest 16.26% from FEE, thisvalue is safe in the cell experiment. Collagen production showed 113.1ng/㎖ from FEE, on the other hand EE was measured77.4ng/㎖ in adding 1.0㎎/㎖. MMP-1 production was observed 1398pg/㎖ from FEE and EE was measured1632pg/㎖. These results were found the highest antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effect. As a result, it was also confirmed thatanti-skin wrinkle activities of the Agastache rugosa Kentz extract was correlated with anti-oxidant activities.

The antioxidant activities and total phenolics of four Rosaceae species Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne, Sorbus commixta Hedlund, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Maxim and Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai were determined. Phenolic content (polyphenol and flavonoid), radical scavenging activities [2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylnezthiazoline-6-sulfoic acid) (ABTS)] and ferrous ion chelating effect were evaluated. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne and lowest in Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai. Phenolic contents of Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne was 331.45±7.78 and 90.4±3.5 mg·g-1. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were found to be lowest in Sorbus commixta Hedlund whereas Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Maxim and Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne showed relatively good DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Ferrous ion chelating effect was highest in Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai (1.05±0.04 mg·ml-1) and lowest in Sorbus commixta Hundlund (4.22±0.71 mg·ml-1).