This study investigated on the nutritional components and physiological activity of four wild vegetables namely Salvia plebeia R. Br., Angelica acutiloba, Gynura procumbens and Saururus chinensis Baill for the development of representative wild vegetables in Chungbuk. Salvia plebeia possessed the highest radical scavenging activity and beta-carotene, but exhibited the lowest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the other three vegetables. Angelica acutiloba showed high crude protein content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but contained low total polyphenol content, radical scavenging ability and beta-carotene compared to the other three vegetables. Gynura procumbens showed high mineral content, beta-carotene, vitamin K1 content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but showed the lowest total polyphenol content and radical scavenging ability compared to the other three vegetables. Saururus chinensis showed high crude fiber content and total polyphenol content, but contained the lowest mineral and vitamin K1 content. To conclude, it is suggested to use Salvia plebeia or Saururus chinensis as antioxidant food materials and Angelica acutiloba and Gynura procumbens as food materials and sources of α-glucosidase inhibitors. In particular, it is believed that Saururus chinensis, which possessed high content of crude fiber, is suitable for low-calorie food materials such as diet products.

The antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the solvent fraction fractionated from the methanol extract of Saururus chinensis Baill were examined. As a result of measuring the yields of methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, and water fractions, the extraction yield of fraction was 18.60, 3.38, 24.03, 7.75, 8.11 and 62.57%, respectively. The total polyphenol content of the methanol extract of Saururus chinensis Baill was 13.40, 4.62, 7.39, 31.24, 25.76 and 5.64 mg GAE/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50%) results were 20.81, 5.47, 10.15, 22.63, 19.68 and 21.06 ug/mL, respectively, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50%) results were 15.81, 2.69, 8.84, 12.80, 3.70 and 3.39 ug/mL. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity scavenging activity measurement (IC50%) showed 33.63, 8.88, 16.93, 32.84, 33.79, and 33.71 ug/mL in methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate butanol, and water fractions, respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the solvent fraction fractionated with the methanol extract of 300 sec was measured for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate butanol, and water fraction, respectively, 15.85, 10.84, 15.74, 24.90, 2.58 and 35.70%.

노지 재배 오미자(Schisandra chinensis Baill)포장에서 재배양식(초생재배, 부 직포 멀칭 재배, 혼합 재배)의 차이에 따른 친환경관리구와 관행관리구의 볼록총채 벌레(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)의 계절별 발생 정도의 차이를 조사하였다. 초생 재배지의 경우, 친환경 관리 구와 관행 관리 구 모두에서 6월 상순과 7월 상순에 두 번의 발생피크를 보였다. 볼록총채벌레가 월동 후 오미자나무 주위의 식물체에서 서식 하다가, 5월초부터 오미자에 발생하는 것으로 보여진다. 6월초의 경우에는 기 존 관행 관리 구에 비해 친환경 관리 구에서의 볼록총채벌레 발생밀도가 50% 수준 인 30마리 정도로 전체적으로 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 부직포 멀칭 재배지의 경우, 친환경 관리 구와 관행 관리 구 모두에서 5월부터 볼록총채벌레가 발생하여 증가하기 시작하여 7월 중순부터 급격히 증가하였고, 두 관리구 사이에는 뚜렷한 밀도 차이가 보이지 않았다. 혼합재배지의 경우, 친환경관리구에서의 해충발생밀 도는 관행관리구의 37.5~50% 수준이었다. 이상의 결과를 조합해보면 주변 잡초에 의한 볼록총채벌레의 밀도 분산효과와 천적의 서식처 역할로 사실상 초생재배는 50% 이상의 병해충 방제효과를 갖는다고 볼 수 있다.

파종시기에 따른 삼백초의 생산성을 구명하여 재배법 확립의 기초자료를 제공하고자 10월 20일 파종 등 4처리를 두어 2010년부터 3년간 시험한 결과를 요약 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출아는 10월 20일(전년) 파종에서 빨리 시작되었으며, 최종출아수도 4월 10일의 12.0개/m2에 비하여 10.7개/m2 많았다. 2. 줄기의 생육도 10월 20일 파종에서 초장과 경태가 길거나, 굵었으며, 분지와 분얼수도 많았다. 3. 엽의 생육 중 상품엽수는 10월 20일 파종에서 많았으나, 엽장, 엽폭, 비상품 엽수는 파종시기 간에 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 4. 상품 경엽 건물수량과 근경 건물중은 10월 20일 파종에서 많아, 4월 10일 파종 대비 경엽수량 77% 증수되었고, 근경 건물중 32.5 g/m2 무거웠다.

Salmonellosis is the commonest zoonosis worldwide that generally causes enterocolitis and foodborne poisoning which represents a considerable public health burden. Salmonella spp. are potential enteric pathogens and intracellularly replicates in host cells resulting in chronic infections. The medical treatments for salmonellosis have been difficult yet and had a serious problem including the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance. The present report was designated to investigate the antibacterial effects of Saururus chinensis Baill ethanol extract (SCEE) on pure culture and infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) in murine derived macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In determination of antibacterial activity of SCEE against S. typhimurium, bacterial viability was markedly decreased compared to the control. Also, SCEE significantly induced morphological change (p<0.05) of RAW 264.7 cells. In infection assay of S. typhimurium in RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with 100㎍/㎖ of SCEE, which is a non-cytotoxic concentration, bacterial uptake ability of macrophage was increased corresponding with morphological change, whereas bacterial survival rates within macrophage were markedly reduced compared with untreated control. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) production in SCEE-treated cells was slightly increased until 2 h but showed a tendency of decrease after 4 h until 24 h post infection compared with untreated control with S. typhimurium infection. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that SCEE has the antibacterial activity for S. typhimurium and the protective effects against S. typhimurium infection through activating murine macrophage independent on NO, suggesting that SCEE may be beneficial on the disease caused by intracellularly replicating pathogens as a safe alternatives of conventional chemotherapies.

살모넬라증은 대표적인 인수공통전염병의 하나로서 세포내 기생하며 질병을 유발하며 장염과 식중독 등을 유발하여 공중보건학적으로 심각한 문제를 야기하고 있다. 본 연구는 삼백초의 수용성 추출물을 (SCWE) 이용하여 숙주세포에 대한 안전성, S. typhimurium 균에 대한 항균효과 및 대식세포 내 균 증 식억제 기능을 규명하였다. 본 실험을 통하여 SCWE 1, 10 및 100 μg/ml 농도로 첨가한 배지에서 RAW 264.7 체포와 24 시간 반응 후 평가해본 결과 세포독성이 인정되지 않았으며, S. typhimurium 균에 대하여 시간 경과에 따라 항균효과가 증가되는 것을 확인하였고, SCWE 처리에 의해 대식세포의 형태적 변화가 증가되는 것으로 나타났으며 (p<0.05), 살모넬라균의 탐식능력 및 대식세포 내 균 증식 억제 능 력이 비 처리군에 비해 현저히 증가되는 것이 확인되었다. 또한 SCWE 처리 한 대식세포에 살모넬라균 감염을 수행하였을 때 대식세포의 nitric oxide (NO) 산생능력이 비 처리 군에 비해 저하되는 것으로 나타나, 살모넬라균에 의한 대식세포의 세포독성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 종합적으로 SCWE의 숙 주세포에 대한 안전성, 살모넬라균에 대한 항균효과 및 대식세포 내 균 증식 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 SCWE를 이용한 세포내 기생세균의 치료제 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

삼백초가 CCl_4 투여로 유발된 rat의 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 NCT, CTA, SCT군으로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 NCT군과 CTA군은 0.9% saline을 SCT군은 삼백초 100mg/kg이 되게 2주 동안 매일 복강내에 투여하였다. 15일째에 CCl_4를 CTA군과 SCT군에 투여하였다. 희생시켜서 혈청과 간의지질대사를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혈청 중의 AST와 ALT의 활성도에서 SCT군은 CTA군에 비교해서 각각 43.18%, 96.05% 억제되었다. 2. Total cholesterol에서 삼백초를 투여한 SCT군은 NCT군 비교해서 0.95배 증가하였으며, 혈청중의 HDL-cholesterol 보다 0.73배 감소하였다. 3. 혈청중의 TG의 함량은 CTA군이 NCT군에 비해 1.53배 증가하였다. CTA군에 비해 SCT군은 0.93배 감소하였으며, 19.00%로 억제되었다. 4. 간조직 중의 MDA량은 SCT군이 CTA군에 비해 0.85배 감소하였고, 33.00%의 억제율을 보였다.

삼백초가 TCDD 투여로 유발된 rat의 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 NTT, TTA, STT군으로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 TCDD를 투여하고 4주 동안 물질을 투여하였다. 4주 후 희생시켜서 생체 내 간 조직 활성 효과 및 항산화 효과를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Total Cholesterol에서 삼백초를 투여한 STT군은 NTT군 비교해서 14.46% 증가하였으며, 혈청중의 HDL-Cholesterol은 SST군이 TTA군과 비교해서 21.29% 증가하였고 94.98%로 억제되었다. LDL-Cholesterol에서는 STT군이 TTA군 보다 12.86% 감소하였으며, 48.34% 로 억제되었다. 2. 혈청중의 TG의 함량은 TTA군이 NTT군에 비해 34.84% 증가하였다. TTA군에 비해 STT군은 7.06% 감소하였으며, 18.9% 억제시킨다. 3. 간조직중의 MDA량은 STT군이 TTA군에 비해 17.14% 감소하였고, 32.72%의 억제율을 보였다.

삼백초가 TCDD 투여로 유발된 rat의 간손상에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 NTT, TTA, STT군의 3군으로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 TCDD를 투여하고 4주 동안 물질을 투여하였다. 4주 후 희생시켜서 생체 내 간 조직 활성 효과 및 항산화 효과를 관찰한 결과 1. AST 활성도는 STT군이 TTA군과 비교해서 70.05%의 억제 효과를 보였다. 반면에, ALT활성도는 STT군이 TTA군에 비해 24.00% 감소하였으며, 64.80%의 억제 효과를 보였다. 2. SOD는 TTA군이 NTT군보다 137.78% 감소하였으며, STT군은 TTA군에 비해 81.94%로 상승되었다. Catalase는 TTA군은 NTT군 보다 199.13% 감소하였으며, STT군의 catalase 활성도는 TTA 군과 비교하여 52.48% 증가하였고 55.45%의 회복율을 보였다. 3. TTA군의 GSH함량은 NTT군 보다 291.29% 감소하고 STT군은 TTA군과 비교하여 74.20% 증가하였으며, 98.72%로 회복되었다. TTA군의 GSSG함량은 NTT꾼 보다 46.80% 증가하였고 STT군의 간 조직중의 GSSG 함량은 TTA군과 비교하여 61.08% 감소하였으며, 81.01%로 억제되었다.

Background: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the growth of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. rootstock.Methods and Results:Rootstocks of S. chinensis were stored in either soil or vermiculite that had been treated with a control treatment, diluted wood vinegar (50 or 100-fold), DF-100 (50-fold), or 1-naphthylacetamide and at 5°C or 15°C. After 8 weeks, the stored roots were planted in the field, and both plant height and leaf number were observed after transplantation. The greatest number of leaves (5.60 ± 0.80) was produced by roots that had been stored in soil treated with 100 fold dilution of wood vinegar and at 5°C. Meanwhile the maximum plant height (6.92 ± 0.78 ㎝) at 30 d after transplanting was observed for rootstocks that had been stored in soil treated with the 100 fold dilution of wood vinegar and at 15°C, whereas the maximum plant height at 60 d after transplanting (26.46 ± 0.71㎝) was observed for rootstocks that had been stored in soil treated with the 100-fold dilution of wood vinegar and at 5°C. Therefore, the storage of rootstocks in soil treated with the 100-fold dilution of wood vinegar and at temperatures at or below 5°C was most effective, and it can be used to prevent the decay of roots during the postharvest management of S. chinensis rootstocks.Conclusions:The results of the present study indicate that, among the parameters examined, the storage of roots in soil that had been treated with the 100-foil dilution of wood vinegar is the most effective method for improving the growth of S. chinensis.

This research was performed to develop seminal propagation method of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. by conducting a rigorous germination study. Well-selected seeds were dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃ during the experiment. To study dormancy type, non-stored seeds were analyzed by embryo observation, germination test and detecting for any difficulties in seed coat to absorb moisture. Then to improve germination, seeds were submerged for 24 hours in a solution of varying concentrations containing one of plant growth regulators and minerals. According to research, fleshly matured seeds had an undifferentiated embryo and had a low germination rate below 5%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption, embryo in the seeds grew and germinated so it was deemed morphophysiological dormant seeds. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) was greatly improved by soaking in plant growth regulators and minerals for 24 hours. Especially, 500 ㎎/L GA3 treatment resulted in the highest GE as 46.1%. KNO3 meaningfully improved PG (54.3∼57.7%) at 10∼20 mM but effect of minerals on germination acceleration as GE were negatively impacted in all concentrations.

This study was conducted to investigate the selected chemical properties of soils in Saururus chinensis Baill (Chinese lizard’s tail) cultivation fields to provide optimal fertilizer application rates and to examine the growth and pharmaco-consitituents of Saururus chinensis Baill as influenced by different amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications. Based on the results of selected soil chemical properties in 37 cultivation sites of the plant, soil pH, organic matter content, and exchangeable K+ concentration were lower than optimal values for cultivating general medicinal crops even though relatively high standard deviations were found in some of the values. At the harvesting stage of the plant aerial parts, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available P2O5, and exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ decreased as comparing with those before transplanting the plant, whereas the concentration of exchangeable K+ increased in the plot treated with N 100% and compost. Fresh weight of the plant aerial parts were highest, 492.5㎏/10, in the N 100% treatment plot. Correlation equation between N levels treated (X) and yield of the plant aerial parts (Y) presented as Y = −2.1609X2 + 30.082X + 344.12 (R2 = 0.7113) and the optimal rate of N fertilizer application for the plant was 6.6㎏/10a. Carbon concentrations in the plant were not different among the different N levels applied. N and K concentrations in the plant were highest in the plot of N 100% with compost applications, the highest P concentration was in N 100% plot, and the highest Ca and S concentrations were in N 200% plot. Quercetin and quercitrin were highest in the N 150% plot and tannin was highest in N 100% or N 100% with compost application plot.

This study was carried to investigate the effect of illite addition on the growth, bioactive components andvolatile compounds of leaf on Saururus chinensis Baill cultivation in greenhouse. Illite addition on Saururus chinensis Baillcultivation resulted no significant effects on the aerial part. However, the root part was highest in 5% illite addition group.Crude oil and ash amount increased as illite additives was increased. Ca of inorganics and free sugars contents were highestin 5% and 20% illite addition, respectively. Hyperoside and isoquercetin of available component on leaf were highest in 5%illite addition group, 4.02㎎/g and 4.31㎎/g, respectively. The volatile compounds in Saururus chinensis Baill leaf culturedwith illite addition amounts were isolated by solid-phase microextraction fiber (polydimethysiloxane 65㎛) and identifed bygas chromatogtaphy mass spectrometry. As the results, the 22 volatile compounds were identified from in Saururus chinen-sis Baill leaf and major volatile compounds were the α-cadinol (18.50%), myristicin (16.46%), methyl-9-methyl-tetrade-canoate (10.22%), and γ-muurolene (9.75%). Especially, the content of α-cadinol was highest in 5% illite addition group andγ-muurolene on overall illite addition group was lower than no addition group.

The antioxidant activities of Agrimony (Agrimonia pilosa L.) and Chinese lizardtail (Saururus chinensis Baill) according to extraction methods were measured. SOD-like activity showed greater antioxidant effects with ethanol solvent than those with water. Ethanol extracts of Agrimony leaves showed the highest SOD-like activity of 94.4%. SOD-like activity differed according to the extraction solvents. The contents of polyphenolic compounds were higher in water extracts than those in ethanol extracts. The contents were 161.4 mg for Agrimony roots, 100.2 mg for Agrimony leaves, and 79.1 mg for Agrimony stalks in order. EDA in Agrimony leaves that were highest among medicinal plants were 83.4% in the water extract and 81.7% in the ethanol extract. The anticancer effects of the extracts by water and ethanol from Agrimony and Chinese lizardtail were experimented. The growth of stomach cancer cells, SNU-719 was inhibited 94.5% by the hexane fractions of Agrimony and also the growth of liver cancer cells, Hep3B was inhibited 83.2% by the hexane fractions of Agrimony, while the growth of normal cell, DC2.4 was not affected.

An efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration protocol was developed for Schisandra chinensis Baill, using embryogenic cell suspensions and optimized media conditions. Friable embryogenic callus was induced from cotyledonary leaf and hypocotyl explants of 7 days old seedlings on MS agar medium supplemented with 1.0 to 4.0 mg l-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Fast growing and well dispersed embryogenic cell suspensions were developed within two months when embryogenic calli were transferred to MS liquid medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D. One third strength of MS medium was the best for both overall growth and development of somatic embryos in liquid culture. Over 3400 viable somatic embryos were produced from each 150 ml flask with an initial cell density of 30 mg in 30 ml medium. Germinated somatic embryos developed in liquid medium converted into plantlets after transferred to half-strength MS semi-solid medium. Approximately 90% of the converted plantlets were successfully transplanted to soil and grew into fertile plants.

종근크기에 따른 삼백초의 생산성을 구명하여 재배법 확립의 기초자료를 제공하고자 종근 직경 5mm 미만 등 4처리를 두어 시험한 결과, 출아는 종근직경 9mm 이상에서 빨리 출아되었으며, 최종 출아수도 종근 직경 6mm의 8.0개/m2에 비하여 84~109% 많았다. 줄기의 생육은 종근 직경 6mm에서 초장과 경태가 길거나, 굵어 양호한 경향이었으나, 분얼수는 종근크기가 클수록 많았다. 엽의 생육 중 상품엽수는 종근 직경 9mm 이상에서 많았으나, 엽장, 엽폭, 비상품엽수는 종근 크기 간에 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 상품 경엽의 건물중은 종근 직경 9mm 이상에서 높아, 종근 직경 6mm 대비 35~37% 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 삼백초 재배 시 종근의 크기는 출아율과 경엽중이 많은 9mm가 가장 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

삼백초 1회 수확 후 질소 추비량에 따른 생육 및 수량을 검토하여 재배법 확립의 기초자료를 제공하고자, 무시용 등 4처리를 두어 2002년부터 3년간 시험한 결과, 초장, 엽의 크기, 경태, 절수, 상품엽수, 분얼수 등 경엽과 근경의 생육은 1차 수확 후 질소 추비량이 많을수록 길거나, 굵거나, 많은 경향으로 양호하였다. 경엽수량은 질소 추비량이 많을수록 증가되어 무시용 158kg/10a 대비 3, 6, 9kg/10a 사용 시 각각 20%, 42%, 60% 증수되었고, 성분함량 중 rutin은 질소 추비 사용량이 많을수록 증가되는 경향이었으며, quercitrin은 질소 추비 3kg/10a 시용에서 다소 높았다.

최대 엽 수량 증대를 위한 1회 수확부위를 구명하여 안정생산을 도모코자 지제부 수확 등 4처리를 두어 2002년부터 3년간 시험한 결과, 경엽과 근경 생육은 1회 수확높이가 짧을수록 양호한 경향이었으나, 분얼수는 길수록 많았으며, 근경의 분포는 직경 5mm 이하가 58% 정도며, 수확높이가 짧을수록 굵은 근경의 비율이 높은 경향이었다. 경엽수량은 지상부에서 수확높이가 짧을수록 많아 5cm수확(관행) 10a당 292kg 대비 지제부 수확에서 15% 증수되었고, 경엽 수확 후 건조 전 조제시간은 수확높이가 낮을수록 단축되었으며, 5cm 수확(관행) 대비 지제부 수확에서 30% 절감되었다.