본 연구의 목적은 대한민국 교육분야 공적개발원조 프로젝트의 가치를 조명하고, MDG 및 SDG 시기를 기준으로 프로젝트의 수행 동향 및 경 향성을 비교 고찰하여 정책적 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 KOICA 오픈데이터포털을 통해 총 1,065건의 교육 프로젝트 사례를 수 집하였으며, 수행연도, 지역, 국가, OECD DAC마커 기준에 따른 양적 동향을 분석하였다. 또한, 교육ODA 프로젝트의 주제 경향성을 파악하기 위해 사업명에 대한 형태소분석과 네트워크텍스트분석을 병행하였다. 연 구결과, 교육ODA 프로젝트는 MDG시기에 급격한 양적 증가를 보였으나, SDG시기에는 증가세가 둔화되며 유지되는 경향을 보였다. 중점 지원 지 역은 아시아에서 아프리카로 점차 이동하고 있었으며, 양 시기 모두 베 트남이 최대수혜국이었다. 또한, 마커의 사용빈도가 SDG 시기부터 크게 증가하였으며, 성평등 이슈에 대한 개입 수준이 높은 편이었다. 프로젝트 의 주제는 직업훈련원 구축 사업 중심에서 인적자원의 역량강화사업 중 심으로 전환되는 경향이 나타났고, 양 시기에 걸쳐 직업, 기술, 대학 관 련 프로젝트가 지속적인 관심의 대상이 되고 있었다. 이를 통해 한국 교 육ODA가 글로벌교육목표와 큰 틀에서 일관된 방향으로 추진되고 있음을 확인하는 한편, MDG시기의 세부 수행 방향과는 차이가 있었으며, 현재 는 SDG4.3, 4.4, 4.c 목표 달성에 특히 주목하고 있음을 파악하였다.

광릉숲은 생물권보전지역 중 하나로써 생물다양성이 높은곳이며, 낙엽활엽수림으로써 550년 동안 관리되어 왔다. 이 연구는 2016년부터 2017년까지 생물권보전지역(포천)과 비생물권보전지역(울진, 영주)에서 신갈나무림과 소나무림의 딱정벌레 군집구조와 다양성을 비교하는것이 목적이다. 이 조사에서 딱정벌레과에 속하는 9아과 25속 73종을 채집하였다. 생물권보전지역 소나무림에서 25종 11속 6아과 그리고 신갈나무림에 서 22종 9속 4아과를 채집하였다. 비생물권보전지역 신갈나무림과 소나무림에서 23종 10속 5아과 그리고 59종 21속 9아과를 채집하였다. 생물권 보전지역의 소나무림과 신갈나무림에서 우점종은 윤납작먼지벌레(77.2%, 78.7%)이며, 비생물권보전지역의 소나무림과 신갈나무림에서 우점종 은 각각 Synuchus sp. 3(47.9%)와 Synuchus sp. 2(17.6%)이다. 종 다양도, 종 풍부도, 종 균등도는 도로와 가장 가까운 비생물권지역의 신갈나무림 에서 가장 높았으며, 산림에서 종 다양성은 채집지에서 도로까지의 거리가 가까울수록 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 연구 결과는 생물권보전 지역에서 생물다양성 보존을 위한 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

본 논문은 여씨춘추(呂氏春秋), 회남자(淮南子), 춘추번로(春秋繁露) 세 문헌 을 중심으로 디지털 인문학적 방법을 활용해 분석했다. 주로 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 적용, 세 문헌에 나타난 어휘의 빈도와 그 의미 관계망을 심층적으로 분석하고, 나아 가 각 텍스트의 목차 구조를 면밀히 검토하여 그 사상적 특징을 규명하고자 하였다. 특히 텍스트 마이닝 과정에서 분석의 정밀도를 높이기 위해, Jieba 도구를 활용하여 불용어(不用語)를 세심하게 제거하는 전처리 과정을 거쳤다. 분석 결과, 각 문헌의 핵심 사상과 그 연관성이 뚜렷하게 드러났으며, 이는 디지털 인문학적 접근이 고전 텍스트 연구에 새로운 시각을 제공할 수 있음을 보여준다.

이 연구의 목적은 전남도 교육감 선거의 결과에 주목하여 통계자료 분석과 후보자의 교육정책을 비교 분석하여 시사점을 제공하는 데 있다. 연구 방법은 후보자의 선거전략, 선거공약과 선거 득표 결과에 대한 중앙선거관리위원회의 통계자료와 신문 기사의 보도 내용을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 전남도 교 육감 선거의 공약에서 공통적인 교육정책은 사회 환경적 변화 속에서 미래 혁 신교육과 교육의 대전환을 제시하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전남도 교육 감 선거 통계분석 결과, 선거인 수가 가장 많은 목포시에서 김대중 후보가 가장 많은 득표수의 차이를 보였는데 이러한 선거 결과는 후보의 선거전략 차이에서 비롯된 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 전남도 교육감 선거는 전략적인 측면에서 김대중 후보는 동명이인의 강점 최대화, 민주당 지지 세력의 확보, 세대와 지역을 초월 한 조직력 강화, 그리고 장석웅 후보는 기존 지지기반과의 갈등, 인사 문제 등 으로 인한 조직의 재정비 시간 부족 등으로 제대로 된 조직력을 발휘할 수 없 었다. 넷째, 전남도 교육감 세 후보의 공약 내용을 종합적으로 살펴보면, 세 후 보자 모두 진보성향의 후보로 정책공약에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 적으로 전남도 교육감 후보의 교육정책은 큰 틀에서 미래 교육, 혁신 교육을 통 한 핵심역량 강화, 교육 대전환 등을 제시하고 있지만, 당면 문제인 다문화 교 육정책 등 핵심 정책이 배제된 정책적 한계를 드러낸 것으로 나타났다.

This study aimed to examine relationships of water and dietary fiber intake with various health-related factors using data from the 2016~2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 8,419 adults aged 19~49 years were categorized into four groups: (1) sufficient intake of both water and fiber (Type 1) (n=2,235), (2) water deficiency with sufficient fiber (Type 2) (n=1,470), (3) fiber deficiency with sufficient water (Type 3) (n=1,031), and (4) deficiency in both water and fiber (Type 4) (n=3,683). General characteristics, body composition, health behaviors, dietary habits, nutrient and food intake, and dietary quality were compared. Type 4 had more female (p=0.028), older adults (p<0.001), and higher socioeconomic status (p<0.001) than Type 1. Type 1 consumed breakfast more frequently (p<0.001). Nutrition label recognition, usage of nutrition label, and all nutrient intakes were the highest in Type 1 but the lowest in Type 4. Type 1 also had better dietary variety score and nutritional quality. These findings highlight the importance of adequate water and fiber intake for balanced nutrition and suggest that targeted nutrition education is needed, especially for male and low-income groups with insufficient intake.

기후 변화로 인해 해수면 상승과 폭풍해일 발생 빈도가 증가하면서, 해안 지역에서의 재난 위험이 심화되고 있다. 본 연구는 NOAA의 GFS(Global Forecast System) 모델과 일본 기상청의 JMA-MSM(Japan Meteorological Agency Meso-Scale Model) 데이터를 기반으로 딥 러닝 기술을 활용하여 폭풍해일 예측 알고리즘을 개발하고, 두 모델에서 제공하는 대기 데이터를 입력 변수로 사용하여 예측 성능을 비 교하는 것을 목표로 한다. CNN(Convolutional Neural Network), LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory), Attention 메커니즘을 결합한 모델을 설계하고, 조위관측소의 관측 자료를 학습 데이터로 사용하였다. 과거 한반도에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤던 네 개의 태풍 사례를 통해 모델 성능을 검 증한 결과, JMA-MSM 기반 모델이 GFS 기반 모델에 비해 서해, 남해, 동해에서 각각 평균 RMSE를 0.34cm, 0.73cm, 1.86cm, MAPE를 0.15%, 0.36%, 0.68% 개선하였다. 이는 JMA-MSM의 고해상도 자료가 지역적 기상 변화를 정밀하게 반영했기 때문으로 분석된다. 본 연구는 해안 재난 대비를 위한 폭풍해일 예측의 효율성을 높이고, 추가 기상 데이터를 활용한 향후 연구의 기반 제공이 기대된다.

본 연구의 목적은 ‘아동학대 예방 및 피해아동 보호 조례’ 비교·분석을 통해 아동학대를 예방하고 피해아동을 보호하기 위한 조례 개정 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 충청북도 및 6개 기초자치단체 조례를 사회 복지조례의 내용적 체계 비교 분석틀에 기초하여 비교·분석하였다. 분석 결과, 충청북도 조례는 적용대상, 재정부담, 벌칙 구성요소에서, 충주시 조례는 권리성, 적용대상, 전달체계, 인력 구성요소에서 가장 체계적이었 다. 조례 개정 방안으로 학대피해아동쉼터 운영 조항을 ‘지정’이 아닌 ‘운영’으로 개정, 단체장의 책무로써 재정적 지원 명시 및 예산 지원 강 행규정으로 변경, 인력의 전문성 강화를 위한 아동학대 전담공무원 임용 및 필수 보직기간 설정을 제시하였다.

This study attempted to examine the relationship between traditional architecture and its corresponding modern architecture by using the dynamic characteristics of text linguistics. The study assumed that past and present buildings, which maintain some kind of relationship, were a single text, and explored its internal structure that generated continuous textuality. As a case study, the buildings by Wang Shu and Kuma Kengo was reinterpreted using the techniques of cohesive structure to analyze their continuity with each tradition. The results showed that both architects used a variety of strategies to inherit tradition, but there were also differences in applying expressive and semantic aspects. Wang Shu attempted a modern reinterpretation of its architectural expressions at various levels, while Kuma actively borrowed traditional materials, structures, and patterns allowing various alteration in their meanings. We found that some concepts of text linguistics could be applicable as a meaningful perspective for analyzing and evaluating modern architecture that inherits tradition. We hope that our approach will develop into a comprehensive methodology for architectural analysis through more diverse attempts in the future.

This study compared the dietary perceptions, food labeling behaviors, and purchasing patterns of vegetarians and nonvegetarians. The data from 5,811 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2023 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food were analyzed. The participants were divided into vegetarians and non-vegetarians according to their dietary practices. Vegetarians were further divided into strict, semi, and occasional vegetarians. Non-vegetarians regularly consumed plantand animal-based foods without dietary restrictions. Vegetarians comprised 15.4% of the participants, and health (50.4%) was the primary motivation for adopting a vegetarian lifestyle. Compared to non-vegetarians, vegetarians prioritized their rights and responsibilities as citizens and identified a vegetable-centered diet as the most crucial factor for health. Vegetarians showed greater interest and trust in food labeling than non-vegetarians. Vegetarians selected a wider variety of food and had different purchasing motivations when purchasing eco-friendly foods than non-vegetarians. Vegetarians exhibited higher purchase frequencies across all categories than non-vegetarians and had different reasons for purchasing convenience foods. These findings highlight the diversity of vegetarian dietary motivations and behaviors, emphasizing the need for tailored dietary policies and education.

This study aimed to compare terrestrial insect communities in forests and grasslands to explore habitat-specific differences. Grassland and undisturbed forest zones in Buk-sil-ri, Jeongseon-eup, Gangwon-do were surveyed in August and September of 2022 and 2023 using visual inspection and light traps. A total of 1,369 individuals from 447 species, 56 families, and 13 orders were recorded. Lepidoptera was the most dominant (44.0%, with 239 species and 602 individuals) order, followed by Hemiptera (17.6%, 81 species and 241 individuals) and Odonata (11.4%, 13 species and 156 individuals). While most orders, including Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Diptera, showed higher abundance and richness in forests than in grasslands, the diversity index was greater in grasslands. The presence of diverse vegetation including invasive species in grasslands likely influenced insect diversity and composition. These findings can enhance our understanding of insect community dynamics across forest and grassland habitats.

This study was conducted to investigate changes in the productivity of Italian ryegrass seeds according to the timing of harvest after heading in the southern region. The Italian ryegrass variety ‘Greencall’ was sown in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, in the fall of 2022. Four harvest timings were tested (30, 40, 50, and 60 days after heading), with a randomized complete block design and three replicates. Sowing in the test plots took place on October 10, 2022, and harvesting was carried out from 30 days after heading on May 18 to 60 days. The plant height was the longest (99.1 cm) in the plot harvested 30 days after heading and decreased as the harvest was delayed. No significant differences were observed among treatments in terms of lodging resistance, disease resistance, and cold resistance. However, lodging severity increased over time after heading (7∼9). Disease incidence was also higher in plots harvested 50 and 60 days after heading. The length of the spike was shortest (38.76 cm) in the plot harvested 50 days after heading, and the number of seeds per spike was the lowest (42 seeds/spike) in the plot harvested 60 days after heading. The dry matter content of seeds increased with the delay in harvest, while dry matter yield decreased, with the lowest yield observed in the plot harvested 40 days after heading (3,031 kg/ha, p<0.05). The dry matter content of seed straw was highest at 75.73% in the plot harvested 50 days after heading and dropped to 34.99% 60 days after heading due to rainfall. The dry matter productivity of the seed straw was the lowest in the plot harvested 40 days after heading. The feed value of the seed straw also decreased with delayed harvest, with an average RFV (Relative Feed Value) of 91. In conclusion, the optimal harvest timing for fall-sown Italian ryegrass intended for seed production in the southern region appears to be 30 days after heading.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different red seaweeds on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas production. Five species of red seaweed (Chrysymenia wrughtii Yamada, CW; Hypnea sp., Hypnea sp.; Chondria crassicaulis, CC; Gelidium vagum Okamurae, GV; Hypnea saidana Holmes, HS) were obtained from National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) in South Korea. The collected red seaweeds were washed for 3 minutes, and then samples were freeze-dried and ground to a size of a 1 millimeter. The buffered ruminal fluid (50 mL) was incubated with substrates and seaweeds (5% of substrates) at 39℃ for 48 hours. Total gas production was lower than red seaweed treatments excluding the CW treatment (p<0.05; 63.25 mL). Methane production was the lowest in CC treatment (p<0.05; 9.93 mL/g of digestible dry matter). The rumen pH of the red seaweed treatments ranged from 5.98 to 6.08, which was significantly the lowest in the GV treatment (p<0.05; 5.98). There was no significant difference in the total VFA concentration, but propionate (27.53%) was significantly highest in the CW treatment, whereas acetate (53.14%), iso-valerate (3.52%), valerate (1.72%), and A:P ratio (1.93) were significantly lowest (p<0.05). In conclusion, among the five species of red seaweeds, Chondria crassicaulis reduced in vitro methane production without negative effects on dry matter digestibility. Future studies will be needed to determine the optimal inclusion level of Chondria crassicaulis as feed additive to reduce enteric methane production.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-fidelity simulation and actual human practice on the learning outcomes of a peripheral intravenous injection program for nursing students. Methods: Seventy-two third-year nursing students from a university in Seoul were included and divided into two groups; 38 and 34 in the low-fidelity simulation and human practice groups, respectively. The program was conducted from June 19–20, 2024. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, χ²-test, independent t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in venipuncture performance, communication skills, empathy, academic performance, and self-efficacy. However, there were no statistically significant differences in these outcomes between both groups. Additionally, post-program learning satisfaction was similarly high in both groups. Conclusion: Low-fidelity simulation is as effective as actual human practice in achieving comparable learning outcomes in a peripheral intravenous injection program for nursing students. With appropriate instructional design, low-fidelity simulation can be a viable alternative to human practice, providing flexibility and accessibility in nursing education. This study underscores the importance of incorporating additional educational modules that enhance emotional and social skills, such as communication and empathy, tailored to the characteristics of individual learners.

이 연구는 중국과 한국 주요 영화제인 베이징 국제영화제와 전주 국제 영화제 포스터의 색채 디자인과 문화적 상징성에서 나타나는 문화 간 차 이를 탐구한다. IMAGE COLOR SUMMARIZER와 한국 표준 색채 분석 (KSCA) 프로그램을 활용하여 색채가 감정 표현과 문화적 상징성에서 차 지하는 역할을 정량적 및 정성적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 한국 포스 터는 차가운 색조와 미니멀한 디자인을 선호하여 이성적 미학을 강조하 는 반면, 중국 포스터는 따뜻한 색조와 전통적인 요소를 사용하여 문화 적 풍부함과 국제적 매력을 전달하는 것으로 나타났다. Schmitt의 감각 경험 이론을 통해 본 연구는 브랜드 구축과 문화적 커뮤니케이션에서 독 특한 시각적 전략을 강조하며, 문화 간 시각 커뮤니케이션 연구에 기여 하고자 한다.

A multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM) method allows the decision makers to systematically evaluate the alternatives based on a predefined set of decision criteria. The most commonly used MCDM methods include Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS), Weighed Aggregated Sum Product Assessment(WASPAS), Preference Selection Index(PSI), etc. In MCDM Problems, it is common that performance ratings for different criteria are measured by different units. Normalization is thus used to convert performance ratings into commensurable data. There are many normalization techniques that can be used for MCDM problems. Much effort has been made for comparative studies on the suitability of normalization techniques used in MCDM methods. However, most studies present normalization methods suitable for specific MCDM problems based on specific data samples. Therefore, this study proposes the most suitable normalization method for each MCDM method under consideration using extensive data samples. A wide range of MCDM problems with various measurement scales are generated by simulation for comparative study. The experimental results show that vector normalization method is best suited for all MCDM methods considered in this study.

As the Fourth Industrial Revolution advances, smart factories have become a new manufacturing paradigm, integrating technologies such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and big data analytics to overcome traditional manufacturing limitations and enhance global competitiveness. This study offers a comprehensive approach by evaluating both technological and economic performance of smart factory Research and Development (R&D) projects, addressing gaps in previous studies that focused narrowly on either aspect. The research combines Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to quantitatively compare the efficiency of various topics. This integrated approach not only identifies key research themes but also evaluates how effectively resources are utilized within each theme, supporting strategic decision-making for optimal resource allocation. Additionally, non-parametric statistical tests are applied to detect performance differences between topics, providing insights into areas of comparative advantage. Unlike traditional DEA methods, which face limitations in generalizing results, this study offers a more nuanced analysis by benchmarking efficiency across thematic areas. The findings highlight the superior performance of projects incorporating AI, IoT, and big data, as well as those led by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The regional analysis reveals significant contributions from non-metropolitan areas, emphasizing the need for balanced development. This research provides policymakers and industry leaders with strategic insights, guiding the efficient allocation of R&D resources and fostering the development of smart factories aligned with global trends and national goals.

Steel brace is a popular option among seismic rehabilitation methods for school buildings, but it has a weakness in that the section area must be large enough to prevent buckling, so stiffness and strength are highly increased locally, and foundation reinforcing is required. On the contrary, BRB has strength that the steel core may be negligible since buckling is restrained, so the increase of stiffness and strength is insignificant, and foundation reinforcing may not be required. This study compared the effectiveness of both reinforcing methods for the seismic performance of school buildings by conducting both pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses. Steel brace and BRB reinforcing may not be satisfied by nonlinear dynamic analysis, even by pushover analysis. This result is due to the school buildings' low lateral resistance and high column shear strength ratio. Suppose BRB can be regarded as a general rehabilitation method. In that case, BRB reinforcing is a favorable and economical option for school buildings with low column shear strength ratio since it can better satisfy performance objectives than steel brace by pushover analysis with a small steel core and no foundation reinforcing.