Yeosu National Industrial Complex is one of Korea’s representative petrochemical industrial complexes where crude oil refining and petrochemical companies are concentrated. According to the results of the 2021 chemical emissions survey, during the process of manufacturing, storage, and transportation at the Yeosu National Industrial Complex, various hazardous chemicals, including hazardous air pollutants, volatile organic compounds and odorous substances are being emitted into the air, affecting the surrounding environment and the health of residents. The Ministry of Environment is applying strengthened standards by designating the Yeosu National Industrial Complex as an air conservation special measure area and establishing odor management areas to manage the air environment. Nevertheless, odor complaints continue to be registered and related complaints increase when turnaround work is carried out. Since air emissions are not counted during periods of turnaround as normal operations are temporarily suspended, it was difficult to establish policies to reduce odor complaints because the source of emissions and emission quantities cannot be ascertained with certainty. In this study, the extensive Yeosu National Industrial Complex was subdivided into 4 areas using a mobile vehicle equipped with PTR-ToF-MS capable of real-time analysis without sample pretreatment being carried out. Measurements were repeated during the day, night, and dawn while moving around the internal boundary of the plant and the boundary of each region where turnaround activities were being carried out. As a result, the recorded measurement for acrylonitrile was the highest at 6340.0 ppb and propyne and propene were measured the most frequently at 128 times each. Based on these results, it will be possible to help reduce emissions through process improvement by efficiently operating air measurement networks and odor surveys that conduct regular measurements throughout the year and providing actual measurement data to the plant. Also, it will help reduce odor complaints and establish systematic air management policies.

Industrial complexes are areas where manufacturing companies are integrated, and logistics between tenant companies play a very important role, but idle resources can occur depending on the situation if each company operates independently. Accordingly, this study aimed to reduce overall logistics costs and increase corporate productivity by looking at ways to share and utilize logistics resources such as warehouses and transportation equipment to efficiently utilize logistics resources in industrial complexes and implementing a logistics sharing platform that can share these idle resources. To this end, this study conducted a research survey on the logistics status of manufacturing companies in Ulsan-Mipo Industrial Complex, based on this analysis, the necessity of logistics resource types and utilization of industrial complex resident companies, and based on this, a service model for logistics resource sharing was studied. In addition, it was intended to analyze the operational characteristics of the existing logistics system to derive improvements and to derive optimal measures to utilize information on shared idle resources. This study confirmed the importance of sharing and utilizing idle resources to optimize logistics resources in industrial complexes, and is expected to contribute to reducing logistics costs and increasing logistics efficiency of tenant companies.

This study was carried out in order to provide suggestions with regard to optimal control methods for various odor emission facilities (162 companies and 26 industrial classifications) through comparative analysis of effective odor treatment technologies for each type of odor substance by literature reviews, based on measured 22 odor substance data for 162 samples taken from A city. The industrial classification of Pulp showed the highest odor quotient (7,589 as average value) and was followed by the industrial classifications of Wastewater, Woods, and Furniture, indicating average odor quotient values of 2,361, 1,396 and 1,392, respectively. Absorption using chlorine dioxide and sodium hydroxide can be an optimal treatment method to remove the odor substances of sulfide and aldehyde groups. Biofilers with microbial communities will be effective to remove odors caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and an absorption method using sulfuric acid is proper for the removal of odor substances caused by nitrogens.

제4차 산업혁명은 세계의 산업정책을 변화시키고 있다. 전통적인 제조업 중심의 하드웨어 경제에서 소프트파워 중심의 산업으로 전환되고 있다. 우리나라도 이런 변화에 대응하기 위해 신산업육성을 위한 정책을 추진하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 시대별 산업단지 조성정책에 따른 우리나라 산업단지의 공간분포를 고찰하는데 있다. 그 결과, 우리나라 산업단지의 입지는 시대별 산업 개발 정책의 영향을 많이 받았다. 1960년대의 수출산업육성을 위한 경공업 중심 정책으로 내륙의 산업단지 개발이 이루어졌으 며, 1970년대에는 중화학 공업을 중점 육성하기 위해서 임해형 산업단지가 주로 조성되었다. 거점개발방식에 의한 대규모 산업단지 조성으로 지역 간 불균형 문제 해소에 집중하였고, 이촌향도 현상을 해소하기 위해 지방산업단지 개발과 농공단지를 확대하는 정책을 추진하였다. 1990년대부터는 첨단산업육성을 위해 전문산업단지와 첨단과학단지 등이 시대의 산업단지 조성정책에 맞춰 개발되었다. 최근 노후화된 산업단지 수가 급증하면서 산업단지 재생 및 산업단지 대개조 사업을 통한 노후 환경 개선 및 업종 전환을 통해 도시 내 산업단지로 전환되고 있으며, 미래 기술 개발과 제조업 혁신 준비를 위한 캠퍼스혁신파크 조성 등 기술우위를 선점하기 위한 준비를 추진하고 있다. 따라서 산업단지 조성정책과 공간분포에 대한 지속적 모니터링을 통해서 거시적 흐름을 파악하고 미래를 대비하는 연구가 계속되어야 한다.

In this study, we investigated the Indoor and Outdoor concentrations of PM10 in Y area, Jeollanam-do. We conducted personal exposure concentration estimates, and Exposure and Risk Assessments using the Time-weighted Average Model. The concentration of Indoor PM10 was 49.38 μg/m3 and that of Outdoor PM10 was 48.02 μg/m3, with the Indoor/ Outdoor Ratio value being 1 or more, and it was found that there was an indoor source of pollution. The Indoor/Outdoor Cr ratio value was 1 or more, and the source of Cr was confirmed to be indoor. Based on our analysis, there was a positive correlation between heavy metals Ni, Cr, and Mn (p<0.05). Using the Time-Weighted Average model, we determined the PM10 personal exposure concentration to be 49.36 μg/m3 and confirmed the feasibility of this model in utilizing the PM10 personal exposure concentrations. In this study, the findings are likely to provide useful data that can be used to determine the concentration of indoor pollutants that are not easy to survey. However, to accurately evaluate indoor air quality, more factors need to be considered and evaluated.

The concentrations of odor and volatile organic compound (VOC)-inducing substances were measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometers (SIFT-MS). SIFT-MS can continuously measure the concentration of odor-causing substances and VOCs in real time without pre-treatment steps. Measurements were conducted during the day and at night at 10 spots in the chemical block of the Sihwa industrial complex. Similar measurement results were observed in the daytime and nighttime for materials except methyl ethyl ketone with high concentrations. A high concentration of hydrogen sulfide was also measured at night. It is expected that an amount of emissions of VOCs and odor-causing substances under the absence of inspection can be traced if measured at other industrial complexes in vulnerable times.

토지개발로 부터 발생하는 불로소득적 개발이익을 환수하는 개발부담금 제도는 정치적, 경제적 사유 등으로 인하여 한시적 부과중지 및 부과유예, 부과감면, 부과율 조정 등의 과정을 거치면서 정착되어 왔다. 계획입지 및 개별입지에서 시행되는 개발사업으로 부터 발생하는 개발이익을 기준으로 부과율을 적용하여 개발부담금을 부과하고 있다. 계획입지에 의한 개발사업인 산업단지는 국가경제의 발전에 따라 대규모의 중화학공업위주로 조성되었으나 지역적으로 지속적인 미분양의 누적과 노후화 등의 문제점이 발생되고 있고, 신사업육성과 지방경제 활성화 및 혁신기반구축과 같은 산업패러다임의 변화로 인해 새로운 산업분야의 창업과 그를 위해 필요한 인력충원의 조화가 가능한 도시를 중심으로 첨단산업 중심의 소규모 산업단지개발사업으로 변화되고 있다. 산업단지개발사업의 특성으로 인하여 계획적이고 체계적인 개발과 토지가격 안정 및 분양가격 결정에 관한 사항을 별도로 규정하고 있다. 특히 분양가격을 결정하는 경우 적정이윤을 제한하도록 제도화 되었다. 그로인해 산업단지개발사업 실시계획승인일 이후 분양가 산정시 결정되는 적정이윤과 준공인가일 이후 개발부담금을 산출기준이 되는 개발이익은 그 적용기준에서 차이를 보이고 있어 이에 대한 연구가 필요해 보인다. 개발부담금 제도상의 개발이익은 토지로부터 발생하는 지가차이에 의한 미실현 개발이익을 확인하여 조세적 성격인 개발 부담금을 부과하는 것이므로 부과권자와 납부의무자 모두에게 개발이익산출의 정확성과 객관적 기준을 규정하는 것은 반듯이 필요한 측면이 있다. 그러나 산업단지개발사업은 국가 또는 시·도의 조례로 적정이윤율을 규정하여 분양시 자본비용 등을 공제한 조성원 가에 규정된 적정이윤율을 적용하여 분양가를 결정하고 있다. 즉 분양시 적용되는 적정이 윤은 처분가와 조성원가를 기준으로 실질적이익을 담보하여 분양가를 결정하는 실현이익이 되는 것이다. 따라서 현재 산업단지개발사업의 실시계획승인일과 준공인가일의 기간 동안의 지가차이를 기준으로 산출되는 개발이익과 실현이익을 기준으로 적정이윤율을 적용하여 산출된 이익을 적용하여 개발부담금을 부과하는 방안을 연구하므로써 실질적 개발이익을 기준으로 개발부담금을 환수할 수 있는 방안을 모색할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는 특별관리해역인 시화호 유역의 산업단지 하천에 강우 시 비점오염의 형태로 유입되는 중금속의 유출 특성 파악 및 오염원 파악을 하천 토구를 통해 배출되는 강우유출수 내 용존 및 입자성 중금속 (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb)을 조사하였다. 용존성 Co와 Ni은 강우 초반에 고농도로 유출된 후 시간에 따라 감소하는 결과를 보였으나, 대부분의 원소는 조사시기별 강우량 및 유량 변화에 따라 각각 다른 특징을 보였다. 입자성 중금속의 경우, 시간에 따른 부유물질의 농도 변화와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 강우유출수 내 존재하는 중금속 중 Co, Ni, Zn는 용존 상태로 유출되는 비율이 높았고, Cr, Cu, Pb은 입자상 유출 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 입자 상태로 유출되는 중금속의 인위적 오염도를 평가하기 위해 농집지수를 계산한 결과, Cu, Zn, Cd은 very highly polluted에 해당하는 심각한 오염수준으로 나타났다. 연구지역인 3간선수로 유역 인근의 도로먼지 중 125 μm 이하에서의 중금속 농도와 비교한 결과, 강우유출수 내 Cu, Zn, Cd의 중금속이 금속제조관련 시설에서 절삭 혹은 가공 중에 발생하여 산업시설 표면에 축적되어 있는 금속물질이 강우유출수와 함께 수환경으로 유출된 것을 알 수 있었다. 강우유출수 내 총중금속 평균 유출부하량은 1회 강우 시 Cr 128g, Co 12.35 g, Ni 98.5 g, Cu 607.5 g, Zn 8,429.5 g, As 6.95 g, Cd 3.7 g, Pb 251.75 g으로 금속제조와 관련된 산업시설이 주로 존재하는 유역의 특성을 잘 반영한 것으로 판단된다

In this study, real-time monitoring of air quality using a real-time mobile monitoring system was conducted to identify the emission characteristics and current status of air pollutants and odorous substances that are mainly generated in domestic dyeing industrial areas and to trace the pollutant sources. The concentration of toluene in the industrial area was detected up to 926.4 ppb, which was 3 to 4 times higher than that of other industrial areas. The concentration of methylethylketone was 124.7 ppb and the concentration of dichloromethane was 129.5 ppb. Acrolein concentration was highest at E point at 521.6 ppb, methanol concentration was highest at D point at 208.8 ppb, and acetone concentration was highest at M and N points at 549.3 ppb. The most frequently detected concentration of pollutants in the air quality monitoring results in the industrial area was, in descending order, toluene > methanol > acrolein > dichloromethane > acetone, which was similar to the chemical emissions used in the industrial area by the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register data. The concentration of odorous substances measured in real time was compared with the concentration of minimum detection, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was about 10 times higher than the concentration of minimum detection at A point, which was judged to be the main odorous cause of A point. In the future, if the real-time mobile measurement system is constructed to automatically connect wind direction/wind speed, PRTR (Pollutant Release and Transfer Register) data and SEMS (Stack Emission Management System) data, etc., it was judged that more accurate monitoring could be performed.

This study aims to evaluate the concentration of biomarkers for heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the residents living in the Gwangyang industrial complex to compare with residents in the residential area as a control. A total of 810 healthy adults participated in this study, and their urinary and blood samples were analyzed for metals, including As, Pb, Cd, or Hg, and VOC compounds. All study participants also completed questionnaire surveys to collect more detailed information on personal lifestyles, dietary and drinking habits, residential housings types, and their health conditions. The geometric means of urinary levels of Cd were 1.06 g/g creatinine for those living in the vicinity of Gwangyang industrial complex and 1.41 g/g creatinine for those in residential areas (p<0.05). Furthermore, urinary mean levels of Hg were 1.39 μg/g creatinine in the industrial area and 1.23 μg/g creatinine in the control area, respectively. The concentrations of individual VOCs in blood were significantly different between the two population groups. Therefore, urinary levels of Cd and Hg were significantly higher in the local residents compared to the Gwangyang industrial areas. A further study is needed to identify adverse health effects due to environmental exposures to heavy metals, VOCs, and other pollutants in the Gwangyang industrial complex areas in the future.

Heavy metals in stream water and sediments around industrial complex were studied in order to assess the contamination and to identify the potential source of metals. High variability has been observed for both dissolved and particulate phases in stream water with coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 1.3 to 2.8. The highest metal concentrations in both phases were observed in Gunja for Ni and Cu, in Jungwang for Zn and Pb and in Shiheung for Cd, respectively. These results indicate that the different metal sources could be existing. The concentrations of the heavy metals in sediments decreased in the order of Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr>Ni>As>Cd>Hg, with mean of 2,549, 1,742, 808, 539, 163, 17.1, 5.8, 0.07 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean of metal concentrations (except for As) in sediments showed the highest values at Shiheung stream comparing with other streams. In sediments, the percent exceedance of class II grade that metal may potentially harmful impact on benthic organism for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb was about 57%, 62%, 84%, 60%, 68%, 81% for all stream sediments, respectively. Sediments were classified as heavily to extremely polluted for Cu and Cd, heavily polluted for Zn and Pb, based on the calculation of Igeo value. About 59% and 35% of sediments were in the categories of “poor” and “very poor” pollution status for heavy metals. Given the high metal concentrations, industrial wastes and effluents, having high concentrations of most metals originated from the manufacture and use of metal products in this region, might be discharged into the stream through sewer outlet. The streams receive significant amounts of industrial waste from the industrial facilities which is characterized by light industrial complexes of approximately 17,000 facilities. Thus, the transport of metal loads through streams is an important pathway for metal pollution in Shihwa Lake.

In this study, 40 residents of the Gwangyang and Yeosu areas were assessed for their level of exposure to heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni) from April 2017 to June 2018. The aim was to understand the differences in levels of indoor exposure to heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni), and a health risk assessment was conducted to determine whether there was any fatal cause from carcinogenic elements. The mean concentrations of PM10 particles indoors were As 0.24 μg/m3, Cd 0.07 μg/m3, and Ni 0.89 μg/m3. The health risk assessment for the arsenic, cadmium, and nickel in indoor air confirmed that the mean values exceeded the cancer risk tolerances specified by the U.S. EPA, for As (males 3.07 × 10−4, females 3.35 × 10−4), Cd (males 3.83 × 10−5, females 4.18 × 10−5), and Ni (males 6.36 × 10−5, females 6.95 × 10−5).

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to examine public transport service indexes to deal with traffic congestion problems that occur in old industrial complexes during peak hours in an attempt to shift personal car-oriented transportation to public transit-oriented transportation. METHODS : We developed several models to evaluate the effect of public transport service indexes on worke’s mode choice using two primary parameters: overall bus service frequency in old industrial complexes and accessibility to bus stops. Ten old industrial complexes were selected to conduct the survey of workers’commuting patterns. From the survey, personal and travel time attributes were collected and used to estimate a binary logistic model with public transport service parameters. RESULTS : As a result, the mode choice model including the overall bus service frequency variable, better explains than other models indicating providing more frequent bus services to workers in the old industrial complexes can attract them to shift their travel mode to bus transit from personal car. Results can be applied to corresponding city’s bus transit service policy decisions. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it was possible to estimate the variation of mode choice ratio according to the change of the public transport index, and the mode choice variation by each individual industrial complex can be expected to examine in the further study.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics affecting traffic accidents that have occurred in 564 industrial complexes nationwide from 2011 to 2015.METHODS : The traffic accidents were specified using various factors such as industrial complex type (national VS. general), industrial complex degradation (old VS. non-old), location of complex (capital VS. non-capital), and traffic law violation (speeding, signal violation, and median invasion). The average number of crashes and accident ratio (fatal, severe, and both) in terms of characteristics of industrial complexes were calculated. With a sample of crashes of the industrial complexes for 5 years, statistical significances were tested to analyze and compare the differences based on industrial complex and traffic law characteristics using parametric and non-parametric methods.RESULTS: From statistical results, it is observed that the crash frequency occurring in old industrial complexes is three times higher than that in non-old industrial complexes. Old industrial complexes located in a capital area, old national industrial complexes, and old general industrial complexes are considerably related to higher crash frequency, but the fatal accident ratio appeared to have no statistical difference across industrial complex characteristics. Severe crashes are more likely to occur in non-old industrial complexes on an average.CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to eliminate potential threats to roads and traffic in the same manner as illegal parking in industrial complexes through the restoration of old industrial complexes. To improve the efficiency of road infrastructure, efforts should be made to improve traffic safety in accordance with industrial characteristics such as planning and operation of relevant local government programs.

This study derived the unit of industrial water usage reflecting the latest industry trends. Available for establishing plans such as the master plan for water supply system and analyzed changes in the basic unit by a comparison with the current basic unit values. This study analyzed 4,038 samples with a sampling error of less than 1.5 % at the 95 % confidence level after removing outliers according to a log-normal distribution. As a result, the unit of industrial water usage per site area in the whole manufacturing industry was 7.11 m3/1,000m2/d. The ten industrial categories (C10, C13, C20, C21, C22, C25, C27, C30, C32, C33) showed a similar unit value compared to before, and the four industrials categories (C11, C17, C22, C31) showed a more unit value than before. With regard to the nine industrial categories (C14, C15, C16, C18, C19, C24, C26, C28, C29), the unit value decreased. Cases that companies examined before were the same as the companies examined in this study were analyzed. The result that the changes in the unit industrial water usage were reasonable was obtained. However, in some industrial categories (C17, C14, C24, C29), the unit value was changed by a small number of companies with large-scale water use or unit value of sampling had a large deviation. It was considered necessary to survey them periodically. The unit of industrial water usage derived by the survey in this study reflects the current industrial trends in 2016. Water use in manufacturing companies has continuously changed by the development of manufacturing technologies and simplification of manufacturing processes. In order to deal with this, it is considered necessary to survey the usage of industrial water periodically from a long-term perspective.

우리나라의 경제성장의 견인차 역할을 담당해왔던 산업단지는 착공 후 30년이 경과하면서 노후화되고 이로 인해 그 역할을 수행하는데 한계에 봉착해오고 있다. 낮은 도로율과 불법주차, 그리고 교통사고 등으로 도로 인프라로써의 제 기능을 효율적으로 수행하기에는 해결해야할 요인이 다수 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구는 산업단지 경계 내 존재하는 도시부 도로의 효율성 극대화를 도모하기 위하여 운영과 안전측면에서의 효율성을 종합적으로 판단하기 위한 LOS 분석기법을 제시하고, 이를 통해 우리나라 노후산업단지 도시부 도로를 평가하여 향후 도로 인프라 성능을 상향시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 산업단지 내 만성적인 불법주차가 운영 LOS에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 민감도 분석과 함께, 안전 LOS분석을 위해서 전체 산단 혹은 도로축에 적용할 수 있는 위험도 산정식을 개발하여 분석에 활용하였다. 사례 분석을 위하여 산업단지의 규모와 도심과의 거리 등을 고려한 5개 산업단지를 선정하였고, 운영과 안전 LOS를 종합적으로 분석한 결과를 도출하였다.