This study investigated phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities of rapeseed plants according to cultivar and growth stage. For 1st, 2nd, and 3rd harvested rapeseed plants, total polyphenol contents were 12.56~15.85, 10.28~13.17, and 9.94~16.01 mg gallic acid equivalents/g sample, respectively; total flavonoid contents were 9.86~11.05, 10.41~13.06, and 8.18~16.64 mg catechin equivalents/g sample, respectively; total chlorophyll contents were 17.26~21.66, 19.31~24.95, and 22.16~38.39 mg/g sample, respectively; and total glucosinolates contents were 31.13~46.22, 28.51~34.72, and 22.18~30.58 mg SE/g sample, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of rapeseed plants were 3.26~5.91 and 10.69~17.17 mg trolox equivalents/g sample, respectively. FRAP activities of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd harvested rapeseed plants were 142.88~63.93, 37.97~61.24, and 32.93~52.36 mM/g sample, respectively. Phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities of rapeseed plants were found to be high in Halla, Yuryeo, and Yeongsan cultivars. Overall, phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities of rapeseed plants tended to decrease as the harvest time was delayed. These results indicate that more research on functional ingredients and physiological activities of rapeseed plants is needed to diversify their fields of use.

The oyster mushrooms have known to be a major product in Gyeonggi-do, with production accounting for 69% of the entire country. The ‘Daeseon’ cultivar, which has white and straight stem, was developed. This cultivar was developed by mating monokaryons isolated from the ‘Heuktari’ and ‘Hwaseong-2ho’ varieties. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~32oC on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruit body of ‘Daeseon’ was 16~20oC on sawdust media. It took 35 days to complete spawn running, 3 days for finish primordia formation, and 4 days for finish fruit body growth in the bottle culture. It has shallow funnel-shaped pileus and a white straight stipe. The yield per bottle was 201 g/1,100 ml and was 16% higher than that of control cultivar ‘Suhan-1ho’. Based on above results, we expect this cultivar to be suitable for small packaging.

This experiment was conducted to breed a very early-maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Korea, from 2022 to 2023. The new variety, named “Earlybird,” is a diploid variety characterized by green leaf color, a semi-erect growth habit in late autumn/fall, and an erect growth habit in early spring. With a heading date of April 30, Earlybird is categorized as a very early-maturing variety. Compared to the “Kowinearly” control variety, Earlybird’s flag-leaf width is wider by 0.2 mm, its flag-leaf length is longer by 1.4 cm, and its plant height is greater by 10.5 cm. Additionally, Earlybird’s ear length is 1.4 cm longer than Kowinearly's, and it exhibits lodging resistance. Although the dry matter yield of Earlybird (7,469 kg/ha) is smaller than that of Kowinearly, the difference is not statistically significant. The total digestible nutrient and crude protein content of Earlybird are 63.5% and 8.6%, respectively, which are higher than those of Kowinearly by 1.8% and 0.3%, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content of Earlybird are 56.9% and 32.0%, respectively, which are lower than those of Kowinearly by 2.2% and 2.3%, respectively.

이탄 토양으로부터 분리된 세균의 유기물 분해능, 항균 활성 및 식물생육촉진능을 확인하고 다 기능성 유용 미생물을 확보하고자 하였다. 분리된 48 균주를 대상으로 β-glucosidase, cellulase, amylase, protease 생성능을 확인한 결과, SH-23, SH-26, SH-29 그리고 SH-33 균주가 우수 균주로 선발되었다. 선발된 유기물 분해 우수 세균 4 균주는 식물병원성곰팡이(Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum acutatum)에 대한 항진균 활성을 나타내었다. 유기물 분해능이 우수하고 식물 병원성 곰팡이에 대해 항진균 활성을 나타낸 SH-26 균주를 최종 우수균주로 선발 하였다. 선발된 SH-26 균주의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기 서열을 결정한 결과, Pseudomonas knackmussii HG322950 B13T, Pseudomonas citronellolis BCZY01000096 NBRC 103043T, 그리고 Pseudomonas delhiensis jgi.1118306 RLD-1T 와 100%의 상동성을 나타내었다. Pseudomonas sp. SH-26 균주는 siderophore 생성능, 질소고 정능과 Indole-3-acetic acid 생성능이 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

The goal of this study was to provide basic data necessary for managing fish in the Seomgang River by confirming diversity of fish species in the Seomgang River and determining the degree of change in fish species through a comparison with earlier related work. Growth rate, obesity level, and temporal and spatial reproductive capacities were analyzed to determine growth characteristics of dominant species. Fish fauna and structure of the fish community were surveyed at three different time points from October of 2020 to August of 2021 at eight sites. In addition, growth characteristics of Zacco platypus from June of 2021 to July of 2022 at four sites were determined. A total of 3,999 individuals, 43 species, and ten families of fish were identified. Among these species, 19 (44.19%) were Korean endemic species and four (9.30%) were endangered species. The dominant species was Z. platypus. Pungtungia herzi was identified as a subdominant species. An analysis of length-weight relationships and condition factor (k) of Z. platypus confirmed a good state of growth. As a result of a frequency analysis of the total length, the life cycle of the Z. platypus population living in the Seomgang River was found to be stable. According to gonadosomatic index (GSI) analysis, the spawning season of Z. platypus was estimated to occur after May, consistent with the literature.

본 연구는 코이어 배지를 이용한 오이 수경재배에서 배지 포 수액의 종류와 정식 방법에 따른 생육 및 생산성을 검증하여 가장 효율성이 높은 재배 방법의 선발을 위하여 수행되었다. 포수액은 배양액(S)과 원수(W), 육묘는 암면큐브 육묘(RC), 암면 플러그묘(RP), 슬라브 직파(DS)로 하였다. 재배 기간을 동일하게 하기 위하여 기준일은 파종일로 하였다. 초기 생육 량은 S 처리에 서 유의하게 높았으나, 생육기간이 길어질수록 처리 간 차이가 감소하였다. 정식 방법과 생육량 간에는 관계 성이 나타나지 않았으나, 포수 방법에 따라 동일한 정식방법 간에도 다른 결과가 나타났다. 생산성도 동일한 경향으로 초 기 수확기인 파종 후 6－8주까지는 S 처리에서 수확과의 수가 유의하게 많았으며, 이후 동일한 기간 수량의 격차가 해소되 었다. 누적 수량은 초기 수확량의 차이로 인하여 S 처리에서 유의하게 높았다. 식물체의 생육과 과실 생산성은 유사한 경 향으로 선형적인 관계성을 나타내었다. 정식 방법 간에는 상 관성을 나타내지 않았으나, S의 DS 처리가 초기 근권부 안정 적인 양·수분 공급으로 초기 생육 및 수량이 가장 많은 경향이 었다. 따라서 S 처리한 배지에 DS 방식이 식물체의 생육 및 생 산성에 가장 유리할 뿐만 아니라 재배단계 간소화를 통한 노 동력 및 생산 원가 절감으로 경제성 측면에서도 기여할 수 있 을 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구의 목적은 컨테이너 육묘 시스템을 활용한 참외 접목 묘의 안정적인 생산 가능성을 평가하는 것이었다. 이를 위해, 컨테이너 육묘 시스템과 고온 조건의 플라스틱 온실에서 육묘 한 접수와 대목, 접목묘의 생육을 비교 분석하였다. 접목활착 후 육묘 환경에 따른 참외 접목묘의 생육과 묘소질을 0일, 4일, 7일, 11일, 14일째에 비교하였다. 컨테이너 육묘 시스템에서 는 주야간 온도를 25/20°C, 상대습도를 70%로 설정하여 재 배기간 동안 안정적으로 유지하였으며, 플라스틱 온실 내의 주야간 평균온도는 28.1/15.4°C로 주야간 온도차(DIF)가 더 크게 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 참외 접목묘의 초장은 플라스 틱 온실 육묘 처리구에서 컨테이너 육묘 시스템 처리구보다 더 길게 나타났다. 참외 접목묘 조직의 충실도는 지상부 건물 중을 초장으로 나누어 계산하였다. 육묘장에서 접목한 묘는 접목 후 7－10일 경과하여 활착이 완료되고 초장이 10cm 내 외일 때 출하하여 정식에 이용되게 된다. 본 연구에서 접목활 착 후 7일째에 컨테이너 육묘 시스템에서 재배된 묘의 충실도 는 44.9±2.64mg/cm으로 나타났으며, 플라스틱 온실 육묘 처 리구에서는 24.4±1.56mg/cm로 나타났다. SPAD 평균은 플 라스틱 온실 육묘에서 30.5, 컨테이너 육묘 시스템에서 41.1 로 측정되었다. 이러한 결과는 컨테이너 육묘 시스템의 활용 이 고온기 또는 저일조 시기와 같은 육묘 환경에서도 고품질 모종을 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 것을 확인하였고, 인공광 을 이용한 육묘 시스템의 활용 범위가 앞으로 더 확대될 것으 로 기대된다.

The characteristics and spore production of Gonji7ho, Bunhong, and Sunjung fruiting bodies were assessed at different growth stages. The shape of the Pleurotus species fruiting body starts out short and small, then takes on a typical mushroom shape as it grows. Gonji7ho has a long stalk, Bunhong has a short stalk and a wide cap, and Sunjung's cap and stalk dimensions are intermediate. Each variety displayed deep color at the beginning of growth but became steadily lighter with continued growth. The shape of the linkage between the mushroom stalk and cap changed from an initial central position to a lateral position after the growing stage. Gonji7ho cap diameter increased 7-fold from 15.5 mm (5 days of growth) to 37.9 mm (9 days of growth). Growth rates for each growth day measured using the growth percentage of the previous day were 285.5% (5 → 6th day), 182.2% (6 → 7th day), 129.4% (7 → 8th day), and 103.8% (8 → 9th day). This trend was also observed in Bunhong and Sunjung, but Bunhong’s growth rate was more rapid (4.9 fold on day 6, 2.7 fold on day 7) and continued to increase through day 9. Harvest yield, which is of greatest interest to farmers, displayed a similar trend spanning the growth period, as did cap diameter. Gonji7ho harvest yield increased rapidly until day 7 of growth (more than 177%), then growth slowed down beginning around day 8, and further decreased on day 9 (98%). Similar trends were observed in Bunhong and Sunjung. Bunhong showed characteristic rapid growth in harvest yield (4.9 fold compared to the previous day on day 6 and 2.7 fold on day 7), and the increase continued through day 9. A decrease in mushroom harvest yield commonly seen in the late growth stage is thought to be due to the death of some mushrooms and decomposition of cap tissue. Basidiospore content increased with number of growth days but decreased after day 8. Gonji7ho yielded the highest production on day 7 of growth, coinciding with harvest time, with 209,000,000 spores. This trend was also observed in Bunhong and Sunjung. These results will provide researchers with basal data and guide farmers in selecting the optimal harvest day.

In this study, we examined the effects of gamma irradiation dosage on the mycelial growth of Auricularia auriculajudae and performed analyses of fruiting body yield, growth characteristics, taste, fragrance, and mineral composition. Assessments of mycelial growth in response to gamma irradiation at different intensities revealed an enhancement in the growth of fungi exposed to irradiation at 200 Gy. Fruiting body yield was also highest at 200 Gy, followed by 800 Gy and the control group. On the basis of these observations, we subsequently applied gamma ray doses of 200 and 800 Gy to examine the effects of irradiation on fungal quality characteristics. In terms of the taste of fruiting bodies, we detected no significant differences among the control, 200 Gy, and 800 Gy groups. Contrastingly, with respect to fragrance, we found that fungi treated with 200 Gy were characterized by a pattern that differed from those of the control and other treatment groups. Furthermore, whereas we detected no significant difference among treatments with respect total dietary fiber content, calcium content was found to be higher in the treatment groups compared with the control group, with the highest content being measured in fungi exposed to 800 Gy irradiation. Copper content was confirmed to be higher in the control group, whereas there were no significant differences between the fungi irradiated with 200 and 800 Gy. Contrastingly, the highest levels of zinc were detected in response to 200 Gy irradiation, followed by 800 Gy. Collectively, our findings thus indicate that gamma irradiation can contribute to promoting increases in the fruiting body yield and mineral contents of mushrooms.

Cucurbita is one of the crops with high demand in the world. Securing breeding sources is crucial and fundamental to any plant breeding program. This study was conducted to investigate the characterization of phenotypic traits and phylogenetic classification of germplasm provided by the National Agrobiodiversity Center of RDA. Fourteen phenotypic traits were measured in 199 accessions of Cucurbita germplasm. Among these germplasm, 92 accessions of C. moschata, 34 accessions of C. maxima, and 73 accessions of C. pepo were classified using the KASP marker from the Seed Industry Center. It was confirmed that there were five classifications in C. moschata, five in C. maxima and four in the C. pepo. The results of this study provide fundamental data on Cucurbita germplasm and are expected to be useful in breeding programs.