In this study, we investigated the effects of cooling rate during storage on spring kimchi cabbage from an economic perspective. For long-term storage, kimchi cabbage (KC) should be maintained at a low temperature immediately after harvest; however, a sudden change in temperature during storage may lead to chilling injury in KC. The optimal cooling rate is important for the long-term storage of KC. To identify the optimal cooling rate, KC was cooled at different cooling rates (1oC, 2oC, 4oC, 6oC, 8oC, and 24 oC/day), and then stored at 1oC for 90 days. Thereafter, weight, trimming, total loss, pH, free sugar content, and total bacterial count changes were measured. Spring KC stored at the cooling rate of 6 oC/day presented a lower total loss and better sensory properties than KC stored at other cooling rates; thus, 6 oC/day is an appropriate cooling rate for long-term storage of KC.
본 연구에서는 가시광 및 근적외선 초분광 반사광 영상 시스템을 이용하여 배추의 건전종자와 퇴화종자를 선별할 수 있는 기술 개발에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 초분광 반사광 영상을 이용하여 배추의 건전종자와 퇴화종자를 선별할 수 있는 최적의 반사광 파장 조합을 구명하고 이를 이용하여 퇴화종자를 검출할 수 있는 초분광 영상 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 본 논문의 전체적인 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다.
가) 배추의 건전종자와 퇴화종자를 구별하기 위해 초분광 반사광 스펙트럼을 이용하여 PLS-DA 모델을 개발하고 성능평가를 수행하였다. Calibration set의 분류 정확도 97.6%이고 test set의 분류 정확도는 96.9% 이었다.
나) 배추의 건전종자와 퇴화종자를 분류하는데 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 파장대는 680 nm로 확인 되었으며, 이는 배추종자가 퇴화하는 과정에서 발생하는 chlorophyll 변화의 영향으로 사료된다.
다) 개발한 PLS-DA모델의 beta coefficient를 적용한 PLS의 영상을 이용하여 건전종자와 퇴화종자를 선별한 결과 분류정확도 96.8%로 육안 및 일반 컬러 카메라로 선별하기 힘든 배추의 퇴화종자 검출이 가능한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
양배추가루진딧물을 다채(Brassica campestris var. narinosa)를 기주로 하여 7단계 온도(15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33℃), 습도 65±5%, 광주기 16L:8D에서 조사하였고, 이를 이용하여 생명표를 작성하였다. 성충수명은 21℃(14.9일)를 기준으로 고온과 저온으로 갈수록 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 산자수는 24℃에서 58.5마리로 가장 많았다. 성충 1마리의 일일 산자수는 24℃가 4.7마리, 27℃가 4.5마리로 비슷하였고, 고온과 저온으로 갈수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 양배추가루진딧물의 생명표를 작성한 결과 순증가율(Ro)은 24℃에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 18℃와 30℃에서 급격히 감소하였다. 내적자연증가율(rm)은 27℃에서 최고치인 0.356을 나타냈고, 기간증가율(λ)은 27℃에서 가장 큰 1.427을 나타냈다. 평균세대기간(To)은 온도가 올라감에 따라 짧아져 30℃에서 가장 짧았다.
본 연구는 칼륨의 독성에 따른 배추의 생육과 생리적 특성 그리고 형태적 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 수행하였다. 100mM의 칼륨 농도 처리구까지 전체적인 생육이 증가한 반면, 600mM 처리구에서 생육이 가장 저조하였다. 칼륨 처리 농도가 높을수록 N, P, K, 함량은 증가하였지만 Ca, Mg, Na 함량은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 미량원소, Fe, Mn, Zn의 경우 100mM의 처리구에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 생체중당 Chl a, b와 carotenoid 함량은 600mM에서 가장 많이 증가하였으나 증가한 엽록소 함량에 비해 광합성효율(Fv/Fm)은 처리구간에 차이가 없었고 CO2 동화율은 오히려 감소하였다. 이는 칼륨 과다에 의한 삼투스트레스의 결과로 기공의 퇴화와 CO2 동화능력과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것을 형태학적 관찰로 확인되었다. Total free amino acid의 경우 100mM 처리구까지 칼륨 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가한 반면 600mM에서 급격히 감소하였다. 따라서 본 실험에서의 배추는100mM의 칼륨 농도까지는 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.
This study was estimated for cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae in Brassica campestris L. var. rapa (L.) Hartm. in order to institute of Economic injury levels(EILs). B. brassicae was innoculated on April 29, in differently 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 adults per ten plant, respectively. After inoculated of B. brassicae, the density was increased until harvest ing gradually in all plots except non innoculate plot. and Higher inoculation density were increased higher than lower inoculation density. Percentage of damage leaf was higher in plots with higher initial aphid density than in plots with lower initial aphid density. And the leaf weight of commodity were decreased in higher initial aphid density. The decreasing rates of leaf weight of commodity was increased with increasing initial aphid density. The relationship between initial B. brassicae densities and the decreasing rates of leaf weight of commodity was well described by a linear regression, Y=0.8416X-3.5147, R2=0.94. Based on the relationship, the number of adults per 10 plant which can cause 5% loss of yield was estimated to be approximately 10.1. And EILs was estimated to be approximately 1.0 adults/plant in late April.
This study aimed to explore companion planting to improve vegetable productivity on extensive green roofs through urban agriculture with limited substrate depth. From May to July 2021, the study conducted on the rooftop to evaluate the effects of marigold (Tagetes patula) planting ratio on the growth and pest control of cabbage (Brassica campestris). The experiment plot measured 1 m in width × 1 m in length × 0.25 m in height and 0.2 m in substrate depth. Fifteen plots were planted in varying proportions of cabbage and marigold for three repetitions per treatment: cabbage control (CC), 2:1(C2M1), 1:1(C1M1), 1:2(C1M2), and marigold control (MC). We found that companion planting marigolds with cabbage significantly increased cabbage growth and reduced pest infestation. The study revealed that C1M1, when cabbage and marigold have the same proportion, is an efficient companion planting ratio. Companion planting, in which non-crop vegetation manages pests and increases crop productivity, improves natural pest control and preserves biodiversity on rooftop urban agriculture.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus acid (H3PO3) addition to the horticultural bed soil on the initial growth of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv.), and kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. cv.). The stem heights of red pepper and cucumber were 46.1% and 23.0% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the untreated (control). Further, the stem diameter of pepper and cucumber were 48.7% and 23.0% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the control. In addition, the number of kimchi cabbage leaves was 47.5% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the control. The dry weights of red pepper, cucumber and kimchi cabbage were 72.9%, 16.5%, and 30.4% heavier in the 50 mg/L than the control, respectively. Cations (K, Ca, and Mg) and total phosphorus (T - P) were quantitatively analyzed for these three horticultural crops. The concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg, and T - P were higher in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid than the control, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, it appears that treatment of phosphorus acid in horticultural bed soil enhanced the growth of red pepper, cucumber and Kimchi cabbage.
The present study was conducted to find a way to recycle the coir substrate by investigating changes in its physical and chemical properties based on the number of use year. Specific gravity of unused coir substrate was 0.212 g/cm3 , while it was higher for the substrate used for 2 years. Porosity was different depending on the number of use year. The porosity of unused substrate was 51.9%, but it increased to 68.6% after used for 2 years. In general, physical and chemical properties were better in the coir substrate used for 2 years than in unused one.
The number of leaves, leaf area, flesh weight and dry weight of oriental cabbage and lettuce were higher in coir substrate used for 2 years than those in unused one. Whereas, no significant difference was observed between the substrates used for one year and 2 years, indicating that the one time-used wast substrate could be recycled for cultivating vegetables.
Growth of the vegetables was improved when organic fertilizer composed of complex organics with different mixing ratios was provided to the coir substrate, compared to untreated plot. The optimum mixing ratio of the wast substrate and complex organics was 2:8(v/v) for fertilization using wast coir substrate. Therefore, coir substrate generally wasted after being used for one time was reuseable by supplying organic fertilizer.
본 연구는 유채-MS를 이용하여 배추와 순무 등을 화분친으 로 활용 잎의 모용이 없는 유채 잎에 배추와 순무의 엽색과 엽형 을 도입하여 소비자가 선호하는 새로운 형질을 갖춘 엽채소의 작출 가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 교배효율에 영향을 미 치는 인공수분 후 주두 위에서의 화분발아나 화분관 신장은 유 채-MS와 배추간 종간 교배 조합에서 유채-MS와 순무간 종간 교잡보다 빠르게 진행되었으며, 유채-MS와 배추간 종간교잡 에서의 결협율이 90.6%로 유채-MS와 순무의 교배 결협율 67.3% 보다 23.3% 정도 높게 나타났으며, 협당결실립수는 각각 15.5립, 11.6립으로 나타나 유채-MS와 배추간의 종간교잡 효 율이 높았다. 유채-MS와 배추의 종간교잡 F1 잡종의 표현형질 의 특성은 주로 모계인 유채와 비슷하였으며 엽색은 밝은 녹색 으로 양친의 중간형을 나타냈고 모용은 적게 분포되어 있었으 며 엽수는 10.2매, 엽장은 27.5 ㎝, 엽폭은 14.0 ㎝로 잎의 길이 와 넓이가 유채에 비하여 커졌다. 유채-MS와 순무의 종간교잡 F1 잡종의 엽수는 9.6매, 엽장은 21.6 ㎝, 엽폭은 10.6 ㎝로 잎의 크기, 형태 및 결각 등은 양친의 중간형을 나타냈으며 엽색은 모 본인 유채와 비슷하거나 좀 더 짙은 녹색이었고, 모용이 잎의 앞 과 뒷면에 존재하였다.
미생물제제 및 화학비료 시비에 따른 무와 배추의 생육 변화를 조사하기 위해 지상부와 지하부의 길이, 엽면적, 그리고 중량을 측정하였다. 시비 종류에 따른 무의 지하부 생체중은 미생물제제와 화학비료의 혼합 시비에서 148.9g으로 가장 높아 화학비료 처리구(112.8g)와 비교하여 약 1.3배 증가하였으며, 지상부의 생체중 역시 미생물제제와 화학비료의 혼합 시비 처리구(160.3g)에서 화학비료 처리구(111.1g)와 비교해 약 1.4배 증가하였다. 미생물제제와 화학비료를 혼합하여 처리하였을 때 생육이 가장 왕성하였으나 미생물제제 처리구도 화학비료 단독시비 처리구의 생육과 비교하여 지상부, 지하부 모두 생체중이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 배추의 지상부 생체중은 미생물제제와 화학비료의 혼합시비 처리구에서 316.6g으로 가장 높아 화학비료 처리구(225.7g)와 비교하여 1.4배 증가하였으며, 또한 지하부의 생체중도 미생물제제와 화학비료의 혼합시비 처리구(4.4g)에서 화학비료 처리구(3.1g)와 비교하여 1.4배 증가하였다. 배추의 엽면적은 미생물제제와 화학비료의 혼합시비 처리구, 화학비료 처리구, 미생물제제 처리구에서 각각 3567.7, 2387.5, 2735.9cm2로 미생물제제의 처리로 배추의 엽면적이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험의 결과를 통해 미생물제제가 관행의 농법에서 사용되는 화학비료를 대체하여 친환경비료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 화학비료에 토양미생물제제를 혼용 처리하여 무와 배추의 생육을 크게 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐 아니라 건전한 육종재료를 육성하기 위한 시비 방법으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of brushing treatment during cultivation on the postharvest quality of the baby leaf vegetable, specifically tah tasai Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. narinosa). The effect of mechanical brushing during cultivation on the postharvest quality was determined in terms of the quality changes in weight loss, gas partial pressure, leaf color, and appearance during storage using a 30-㎛-thick polypropylene film at 16℃. The brushing treatment included brushing with A4 paper back and forth 50 times a day. The study revealed that the growths on the brushing-treated plant group were less than those on the control group. The structure of the leaf tissue of the brushing-treated plant also tended to be less compact than that of the non-treated plant. The brushing treatment resulted in less growth and denser plant tissues as well as in differences in the gas O2 consumption and CO2 accumulation after packaging. For the gas partial pressure, the O2 consumption and CO2 accumulation of the brushing-treated plant tended to be less than those of the non-treated plant. There were no differences, however, between the brushing-treated plant and control groups in the SPAD value and appearance. The study results also suggested that after packaging, the effects of the brushing treatment during cultivation on the quality of the tah tasai Chinese cabbage baby leaf vegetable was not significant. As such, it is recommended that effective post-harvest methods of improving the product quality of the baby leaf vegetable be further investigated.
The effect of the packing methods for enhancing the shelf life and improving the postharvest quality of the tah tasai Chinese cabbage baby leaf vegetable was studied during storage. Fresh baby leaf vegetables were packed in four commercial packaging types: (1) a non-perforated bag with a 0.03-mm oriented polypropylene (OPP) film; (2) a perforated bag with 1.0-mm-diameter holes on an OPP film; (3) a 0.40-mm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container with a hinged lid; and (4) an expanded polystyrene (EPS) tray wrapped with a 0.02-mm polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film. The quality parameters, such as the weight loss, moisture content change, color difference, and appearance of the baby leaf vegetables were investigated. The baby leaf vegetables in the PET container and in the non-perforated OPP film bag showed relatively low weight loss, high moisture content, and good external appearance compared to those in the EPS tray and in the perforated OPP film bag during limited storage periods, at 16oC.ThePETcontaineralsoprotectedthebabyleafvegetablesfromphysicaldamage.Thestudyresultswillenabletheselectionofabetterpackagingsystemforextendingthefreshnessandincreasingthemarketabilityofbabyleafvegetables.
The demand of packaged baby leaves has been increased for its convenient use as fresh-cut produce. This investigation was aimed to explore the effects of different sanitizers on the quality parameters of 'Tah Tasai' Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. narinosa) baby leaves. Thirteen days old baby leaves were harvested and washed in tap water (TW), 100 ppm chlorine solution (Cl), 2 ppm ozonated water (), 15 ppm chlorine dioxide solution () and washing with 0.2% citric acid solution followed by 50% ethanol spray (CA+Et). The samples were then packaged in 50 polyethylene bags and stored at for 10 days. Off-odor of packaged baby leaves was not detected during storage. There was no significant difference in color parameters among the treatments. Samples treated with showed substantially higher electrolyte leakage throughout the storage. This treatment also rendered a higher accumulation of in the packages. Samples treated with Cl and CA+Et maintained good overall visual quality with higher scores compared to that of and . Although Cl treatment showed lower number of total aerobic count at the beginning of storage, citric acid in combination with ethanol treatment was more effective until the end of storage. The combined treatment also showed comparatively lower coliform plate count. This result indicates that citric acid wash followed by ethanol spray could be an alternative to chlorine for environment friendly sanitization of baby leaves.