This study examines the development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)’s Self-Certification of Origin mechanism through two key phases. From 1993 to 2015, ASEAN strove to establish a common market and deepen economic integration. During this period, it introduced various pilot projects to enhance trade, streamline certification procedures, and experiment with trade facilitation initiatives. Following the official establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, the focus shifted towards harmonizing trade procedures, enhancing regional coordination, and standardizing customs processes. These efforts culminated in the launch of the ASEANwide Self-Certification (AWSC) in 2020. In Vietnam, however, the implementation of AWSC has faced significant challenges. Despite these obstacles, the country has taken proactive steps to integrate AWSC into its trade system by issuing domestic regulations and guidance from regulatory authorities. This study explores the specific difficulties Vietnam faces in implementing AWSC and proposes recommendations to enhance its effectiveness.

In this study, two things were analyzed for Korean Standards certification factory review evaluation items. First, it was examined whether there is a difference between the Practice of factory review evaluation items and Post-Management according to the change in perception of the factory review evaluation items of Korean Standards certification personnel. Second, the moderating effect of the Korean Standards certification personnel's perception of the effect of the Practice of the factory review evaluation items of Korean Standards certification personnel on Post-Management was verified. Although there is a statistically significant difference between Practice and Post-Management according to changes in perception of Korean Standards personnel, there is no statistically significant difference in the impact (slope) of Practice on Post-Management according to changes in perception of Korean Standards certification personnel. As the perception of factory review evaluation items increases, the Practice and Post-Management of factory review evaluation items are increasing, but the impact of the Practice of factory review evaluation items on Post-Management does not affect it. In order to further advance Korean Standards certification, which plays an important role in maintaining the quality level of products produced by companies, efforts to raise the level of perception of Korean Standards certification personnel are considered necessary.

본 연구의 목적은 뮤지컬 넘버의 샘플링을 통해 재창작 된 현대팝송을 분석하여 그 특징을 알아 보고, 이를 통해 뮤지컬 넘버의 샘플링이 대중음악에 기여하는 효과를 분석함으로써 음악적 창작 및 재현에 새로운 시각을 제공하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 원작 뮤지컬의 개요 및 넘버 분석을 통해 원곡의 분위기와 쓰임새를 파악한 후, 가사 변형 양상을 통해 샘플링 곡의 메시지를 분석하고, 전체적인 음악 구성의 비교와 편곡 부분을 대조하여 살펴보는 연구 방법을 사용하였다 세 곡의 샘플링 양상을 분석한 결과, 대중음악에서의 뮤지컬 넘버 샘플링은 다섯 가지 유형의 효과를 도출 할 수 있었다. 첫째, 친숙한 멜로디의 사용으로 대중들과의 거리감을 좁힐 수 있는 가능성이 생긴 다. 둘째, 뮤지컬 곡이 가진 서사적 특성을 통해 주제의식을 강화시킬 수 있다. 셋째, 자유로운 가사 변형으로 원곡과 다른 메시지를 부각시킬 수 있다. 넷째, 편곡이나 새로운 가창방식을 통해 새로운 곡으로 재창조하여 신선한 느낌을 자아낼 수 있다. 다섯째, 앞서 나열한 네 가지의 효과를 이용하여 아티스트가 대중에게 전달하고자 하는 메시지를 매우 효과적으로 전달할 수 있다. 본 연구자는 대중음악에서의 뮤지컬 넘버 사용이 전 세계 다양한 청자들의 뮤지컬 진입장벽을 낮출 수 있고, 두 장르간의 융합이 양측의 인지도에 좋은 영향을 줄 수 있을 것이라고 생각하였다. 향 후, 본 연구가 앞으로의 대중음악 재창작에 다양한 관점을 제공하고, 국내 음악 산업 발전에도 기여할 수 있는 양분이 되길 기대한다.

It is very important to evaluate how the functions of products, facilities, and spaces affect human life. The evaluation of these actions has legal regulations such as certification, inspection, and diagnosis, and the degree of quality, safety, and excellence of the results is announced. This study sought to secure safety through efficient system operation by reviewing safety-related certification systems established and implemented by each government department in Korea and analyzing the characteristics of each system and similarities between systems. There was also an aspect of cross-checking safety through the certification and diagnosis system implemented by each ministry, but it was confirmed that the efficiency of the system should also be considered in terms of overlapping application. Therefore, when securing safety is confirmed based on each safety-related law, active alternatives such as exemption, substitution, delegation, etc. should be presented.

우리나라 식물방역법은 검역병해충으로부터 국내 농업 및 자연환경을 보호하고자 규제병해충(검역병해충, 잠정규제병해충, 규제비검역병해충) 관련 위험평가, 식물검역기술개발계획, 식물검역 절차 및 방법, 검역결과 에 따른 처분, 규제병해충 예찰 및 방제 등에 관한 다양한 법적 절차 등을 규정하고 있다. 하지만, 식물검역병해충 을 어떻게 취급하여야 할 지에 관한 내용은 없다. 따라서 식물방역법이 추구하는 목적을 달성하기 위하여서는 ① 검역병해충을 어떻게 취급하여야 할 지를 규정하여야 하며, ② 검역병해충을 취급하는 시설(검사, 연구, 운송, 보관 등) 기준을 설정하고, ③ 검역병해충 취급 시설을 인증하고, 주기적인 재인증 기준을 설정하여야 한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 식물방역법에 검역병해충 취급시설 등에 관한 규정을 신설하고, 시행령, 시행규칙에 반영한 후에 ① 검역병해충 취급요령 ② 검역병해충 취급시설 기준 ③ 검역병해충 취급시설 인증기준 등의 고시를 제정하여 야 한다. 이를 위하여 식물병해충 관련 학계의 의견 반영이 가장 중요하다.

This study examines the effect of cosmetic certification marks on consumer behavior. The underlying objectives of this study are threefold. First, it explores whether the certification mark inserted into the cosmetic package—such as marks denoting quality assurances, ethical practices (specifically, pertaining to animal testing), and recycling packaging—affects consumer responses. Second, it investigates whether a higher number of certification marks leads to heightened positive consumer responses. Third, it analyzes the potential moderating effect of consumers’ certification mark knowledge on the relationship between certification marks and consumer responses. In the pretest, certification marks with higher recognition were selected as stimuli, and a survey involving a total of 550 male and female consumers was conducted. The collected data were analyzed through ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The findings of this study confirm a significant difference in consumer responses to products based on the certification marks inserted in the cosmetic packaging. Compared to clusters without a certification mark, groups with two or more certifications (recycling certification + ethics certification, recycling certification + quality certification, recycling certification + ethics certification + quality certification) exhibit significant consumer responses. Second, more certification marks did not result in an increase in positive consumer responses. Third, a moderating effect of consumers’ cosmetic certification knowledge on the certification mark-consumer response relationship was not found. The findings of this study have implications for developing product promotion strategies that leverage cosmetic certification marks as a marketing tool.

This study aimed to verify the validity of the evaluation items and weight determination of the indoor environmental safety area, which has the most frequent accidents, among the safety certification evaluations of educational facilities by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, which has been conducted since May 2021. As a preceding study, the evaluation items of the school safety evaluation checklist being implemented in the US state of Vermont were compared, and the causes of accidents judged by teachers in the accident experiences written by 200 Korean teachers were compared with the safety certification evaluation items belonged to the Ministry of Education. In addition, research literature using the AHP analysis technique on safety risks of elementary and secondary schools in China and safety evaluation index study cases of 539 elementary school children in Indonesia were analyzed. Through these preceding studies, measures to add and adjust evaluation items were derived and the validity and importance rankings of evaluation items were calculated through AHP questionnaires to teachers and safety experts. In addition, a survey was conducted on 104 ordinary people to verify the results of expert analysis. As a result of expert AHP analysis, 'safety education and disaster response training (.396)' was the highest priority for the relative importance of the first layer, followed by 'safety measures (.387)' and 'building materials'. Safety (.216)' was found to be the highest priority. In the overall importance ranking of the 13 second-tier screening items, safety accident prevention education had the highest priority and disaster preparedness training ranked second, proving that the Ministry of Education's review weight was underestimated. In addition, slip and collision accident countermeasures, which were not in the existing Ministry of Education review items, ranked 4th, laboratory practice room safety measures ranked 6th, and sanitation, cleanliness, hazardous substance management, and cafeteria/cooking room safety measures ranked 9th, indicating a significant level of importance. Referring to the importance ranking, which is the result of this study, it is suggested that it is necessary to review the weight of each review item again.

To improve the safety of tap water, a study was conducted on the introduction of sanitation safety certification system for water treatment plants(WTPs). In order to produce and supply safe tap, the inflow of pollutants should be blocked as much as possible during the tap water production process, and contaminated materials should be removed or inactivated to a safe level in the WTPs. In order to block the inflow of pollutants in WTPs, it is necessary to strengthen the sanitation management such as installation of facilities for preventing inflow and habitat of larvae, and to remove or inactivate pollutants in the tap water production process, strengthening the safety management such as enhanced turbidity management is needed. Sanitation and safety management in the WTPs can be significantly improved by introducing certification system of WTPs. This will induce continuous improvement in water purification plants with insufficient sanitation and safety management, and provide incentives for WTPs with good sanitation and safety management. In addition, when the WTPs sanitation and safety certification system is established, it is desirable to expand the proposed system from WTPs to the entire process of tap water production and supply.

In this paper, a simulation computerized crash analysis evaluation method through reverse engineering was applied to the Defender vehicle to systemize and simplify the certification of small-scale electric vehicles. The Defender vehicle was selected as a benchmarking vehicle that converts into an electric vehicle, and the layout of the frame and element analysis of individual parts were conducted through reverse engineering. To review the vehicle package layout, the fastening and assembly method for each part was analyzed referring to the Defender maintenance guide and parts list, and it was used for frame element technology analysis. In addition, collisions according to the main frame material and the shape of the crash box were analyzed, and various cases were analyzed through parameter study. As a result of the crash analysis, it was found that the mild steel main frame could not guarantee the safety of the vehicle in a fixed wall collision situation, and the ATOS material would increase the collision safety of the Defender relatively. Through the crash analysis according to the shape of the crash box, it was found that the strength of the crash box is too high compared to the main body, and this should be reflected in the design for small-volume production of multiple products.

Currently, treatment and disposal suitability verification methods have not been established for radioactive waste, such as spent filters temporarily stored in each plant, so the WCP (Waste Certification Program) can be applied to verify the suitability of non-conforming waste at the site. In this study, WCP components such as certification organizations, certification methods, certification documents, and quality assurance (QA) plan that should be considered when developing WCP applicable to spent filter disposal were reviewed and presented. First, a certification organization consists of a certification organization that performs certification work, a certification support organization related to waste generation and treatment, and a quality control organization for waste certification. Especially, the support organization should support the implementation of WCP, so that spent filter processing procedures such as generation information management and immobilization can be properly packaged and transported. Second, in identifying the waste characteristics of the certification method, each characteristic identification procedure and certification method of the acceptance criteria should be described, evidence examining the suitability of general, radiological, physical, chemical, and biological requirements, and processes related to measurement and sampling should be established. In identifying characteristics, satisfaction of waste form, free water requirements, and whether it is subject to immobilization should be checked priorly, and a method of confirming particulate matter and securing filling rate when packaging compressed filters should be included. It is very important to develop a technology for verifying the safety and quality of the immobilized material because immobilization of the filters can be a processing method that satisfies various characteristic criteria. Meanwhile, it is essential to collect samples and develop scaling factors to identify the nuclides of filters and prove that they are below the concentration limits. For chemical and biological requirements, the characteristics are identified through generation information documents, corrective actions are taken and documented in case of nonconformance. Third, certification documents should include immobilization procedure manual, characteristic report, and characteristic test manuals such as free water, particulate matter and filling rate, radiation measurement method manual for packages, profile, and generation documents. Fourth, the QA plan should analyze the QA system of the plants, check the QA inspection details, establish general requirements for QA of spent filter disposal, and specify step-by-step certification work QA activities. In this study, considerations to ensure the disposal suitability at all stages from generation to disposal of spent filter were presented, and development of a WCP could contribute to preventing nonconformance.

도선사가 되려는 사람은 선장 경력을 갖추고 도선수습생 전형시험과 도선사 시험에 합격한 다음에 해양수산부장관의 면허를 받아야 한다. 우리나라는 정부에서 도선 수요를 감안하여 도선사 면허의 수(數)를 제한하고 있어서 도선사 면허를 위한 도선수습생전형시 험은 절대적 평가기준 없이 응시자 시험성적에 따라 상대평가를 실시함에 따라 문제의 소지가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 도선사 시험제도 에 대한 문제점을 도출하여 개선방안을 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 도선사 시험제도 변천 내역을 조사하였고, 도선사 자격기준 에 관한 국제기준을 분석하고 현직 도선사 77명에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 연구의 결과로써 국내 도선수습생 전형시험의 개선방 안과 도선사 자격증명 제도개선의 단계적 실행방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 도선사 자격증명에 관한 정부의 정책 개발뿐만 아니 라 관련 학술적 기초자료도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

This paper intends to consider the contents of the insufficient certification system of PAV and to propose the certification regulations. In other words, PAV is a combination of people and drones that should reflect commercial specifications among aviation certification specifications and civil aircraft regulations. However, the domestic PAV certification system is still lacking in clear detailed regulations, and the detailed certification system of PAV should be established as soon as possible. It is hoped that PAV certification system will be established first and applied in earnest in the future, and that the domestic PAV industry will be activated.

In this paper, it is suggested to the certification conditions for the vertically landing site installation regulations and the application of sandwich panels at landing sites with optical measuring skills. This method was presented as a way of supporting aircraft to make safe landings, and was presented with regulations for landing sites that have not yet been determined. In order to develop technologies such as ground systems and personal aircraft of urban air transportation, which are expected to be the core of the future aviation sector, certification regulations to secure stability will be established soon.

내시경역행담췌관조영술(ERCP)은 내시경 시술 중 가장 높은 난이도를 요구하며, 시술과 관련된 합병증은 상대적으로 높고 치명적이다. ERCP는 일반내시경과 비교하여 훨씬 높은 기술적 난이도의 체득이 요구되며, 이를 위해서는 훨씬 많은 수련 교육 기간 및 집중도가 필요하다. 따라서 환자의 안전과 의료 서비스의 질을 높이기 위해서는 객관적이고 체계적인 교육과 검사를 통해 자격을 인증하는 시스템이 필요하다. 본고는 췌장담도내시경 인증의 제도 시행을 위해 정책질관리위원회- 교육위원회 위원들로 구성된 태스크 포스 팀에서 개발한 세부 규정에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.