This study was conducted to in-depth understand and describe the thoughts and experiences of nursing students in the practice of the intensive care unit. Data was collected through focus group interviews with 14 nursing students who voluntarily participated in the study targeting students who practiced the intensive care unit and analyzed by the content analysis. As a result of the study, two themes, 'ethical challenges faced in intensive care unit practice' and 'incomplete reflection, were derived. The categories included in the former were 'feeling wrong in the appearance of a nurse', 'thinking about a good nurse', 'thinking about the cause of the wrong practice', and the categories included in the latter were ''fear of being assimilated', and 'pledge oneself by put yourself in someone else's shoes’. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop ethics education to become a nurse who can form correct ethical comfortment, including ethics education in clinical practice instruction as well as classroom instruction.

최근의 코로나-19 펜더믹과 이로 인한 양적완화, 그리고 이어지는 인플레이션으로 인한 금리인상은 조직의 경영환경에 큰 불확실성을 초래하고 있다. 이렇게 큰 불확실성 속에서도 조직은 생존과 번영을 위해 인적자원관리 관행에 있어 큰 노력을 기울이고 있는데, 구성원의 조직시민행동이 조직의 성과와 큰 관련이 있다는 점에서 역할 외 행동을 증진하기 위한 학계와 실무적 노력이 더욱 더해지는 실정이다. 이 런 맥락에서 많은 연구자들이 조직시민행동에 영향을 주는 바람직한 리더십 유형을 제안 및 실증하는 노력을 해 왔다. 그리고 다수의 연구에서 효과성이 검증된 윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향 을 살핀 국내 연구는 아직 많지 않다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계점을 보완하기 위해 다음의 세 가지 목적을 가지고 연구를 수행하였다. 첫째, 윤리적 리더십과 조직시민행동 두 변수 간의 관계를 실증적으로 확인함 으로써 조직시민행동을 증진시키는 리더십 유형의 하나로 윤리적 리더십의 가치를 제시하고자 한다. 둘 째, 윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에서 친사회적 동기의 매개효과를 검정함으로써 두 변 수 사이에 나타나는 메커니즘에 대해 설명력을 높이고자 한다. 셋째, 윤리적 리더십이 친사회적 동기에 미치는 영향, 아울러 친사회적 동기를 매개로 조직시민행동에 미치는 효과를 상사-조직 가치일치가 어떻 게 조절하는지 확인함으로써 윤리적 리더십 효과를 극대화하기 위해 필요한 조건을 알아보고자 한다. 가 설 검증을 위한 설문조사는 군 조직의 간부를 대상으로 이루어 졌으며, 위계적 다중 회귀분석과 Process macro 분석을 통한 실증 검증을 하였다. 분석 결과 윤리적 리더십은 조직시민행동에 정(+)적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 두 변수간의 관계를 친사회적 동기가 매개하는 것으로 확인 되었다. 또한 윤리적 리더십과 친사 회적 동기의 관계는 상사-조직 가치일치 정도가 높을 때만 정(+)적인 효과가 유의미하게 나타났고, 조절 된 매개효과 역시 상사-조직 가치일치 정도가 높을 때만 간접효과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 조 직시민행동을 증가시키는 데 있어 윤리적 리더십이 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 실증하였으며, 친사회적 동기의 매개역할과 상사-조직 가치일치의 조절기능을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 윤리적 리더십과 조직시민 행동 두 변수간의 관계에 있어 이해의 폭을 확대하는 이론적 기여와 함께 조직시민행동 증진을 위한 리더 십 역량 교육프로그램 개발 등의 실무적 교훈을 제시한다.

본 연구 목적은 간호대학생을 대상으로 의사소통, 리더십, 윤리적 간호역량 간에 어떠한 관계가 있는지 확인하고, 간호대학생의 의사소통과 리더십이 윤리적 간호역량에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 시 도되었다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 간호학과에 재학 중인 328명이었으며, 연구대상자에게는 연구 동의 를 구한 후 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 28.0 프로그램을 활용하여 변수의 특성에 따라 통계분석을 하였다. 본 연구결과, 간호대학생의 윤리적 간호역량은 의사소통(r=.67, p<.001), 리더십(r=.56, p<.001)과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 간호대학생의 윤리적 간호역량에 영 향을 주는 요인은 의사소통(β=.52, p<.001)과 리더십(β=.23, p<.001)으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 회귀모 형은 유의하였으며(F=155.74, p<.001) 모형의 설명력은 48%였다. 따라서 간호대학생이 학부에서부터 윤 리적 간호역량을 함양하기 위해서는 의사소통 능력을 기르고 리더십을 경험할 수 있는 다양한 교육프로그 램이 개발될 필요가 있다.

전도 부인에 관한 연구는 교회 성장의 패러다임으로부터 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 즉, 전도 부인을 초기 한국 교회의 형성과 발전에 이바지한 인물로 묘사하는데 주력해 왔다는 것이다. 이와 같은 관점은 전도 부인의 공헌을 교회의 확장으로 환원시킬 뿐만 아니라 이들이 후대에 남긴 또 다른 신앙의 유산을 발견하지 못하게 된다. 이러한 문제의식을 중심으로 본 연구는 전도 부인의 정체성과 활동에 대한 새로운 이해를 도모하고자 한다. 먼저, 세계 기독교학의 등장으로 인해 서구 중심의 선교 역사의 이해로부터 벗어나야 할 필요성을 제기할 것이다. 이를 통해 우리는 전도 부인을 선교사들의 조력자로 축소시키지 않고 협력자 이자 지도자, 즉 주체적인 활동 주체로 볼 수 있게 될 것이다. 또한, 전도 부인을 교회의 형성, 성장, 그리고 발전 중심의 관점으로부터 벗어나 윤리적 관점에서 조망할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구는 주변성, 회복 탄력성, 그리고 환대의 세 가지 윤리적 개념을 통해 전도 부인의 정체성과 활동을 새롭게 이해할 것을 제안한다. 그 결과, 타인을 공감하 고, 위로하고, 돕고자 하는 사랑의 힘이 곧 전도 부인이 남긴 진정한 유산임을 깨닫게 될 것이다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the ethical climate, nursing practice environment, and ethical sensitivity of hospital nurses, and to investigate the influence of the ethical environment and nursing practice environment on ethical sensitivity. Methods: The subjects of the study were 137 nurses with at least one year of work experience. Date collection was conducted from July to August 2021, using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 for Windows program(IBM Corp. Armont, NY, USA), the frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation and Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, Multiple regression analysis. Results: As a result of the study, the ethical sensitivity of hospital nurses showed statistically significant differences according to age, marital status, position, and ethical educational experience. Ethical sensitivity was found to have a significant positive correlation between all sub-factors of the ethical environment and all sub-factors of the nursing practice environment. Among the sub-factors of the ethical environment, the factor influencing ethical sensitivity in this study is ‘relationship with peers (β=.20, p=.034) ’ and ‘relationship with manager (β=.24, p=.023) and the explanatory power was 42.0%, which was statistically significant (F=8.26, p<.001). Conclusion: This study confirmed that ‘relationship with peers’ and ‘relationship with managers’ influence ethical sensitivity among ethical environments. Therefore, it will be necessary to form a positive relationship between peers and managers to improve the ethical sensitivity of hospital nurses.

This study will investigate the effects of induced awe on ethical tourist behavior. The positive emotion of awe has not been fully investigated in the context of tourism. This study will fill the gap by conducting an experimental design. The purpose of this study is to identify a message type that appeals to awe effectively. This study will be built on the construal theory. We will use a 2 (emotion: positive awe vs. negative awe) × 2 (message appeal: desirability vs. feasibility) between-subject design in study 1 and a 2 (emotion: positive awe vs. negative awe) × 2 (message appeal: desirability vs. feasibility).

In most cultural contexts, consuming ethically is socially desirable and reporting favorable attitudes is relatively cost-free. Thus, consumers have incentives to state favorable attitudes toward ethical products despite barriers to actual purchase. This attitude-behavior gap in ethical consumption presents a global challenge to socially responsible marketing (Carrington et al., 2010, 2014, 2016). Several explanations for this gap have been offered. The current research draws from these explanations and—based on literature in psychometrics and attitude formation—develops a novel measurement tool based on the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP; Payne et al., 2005). We aim to capture consumers’ implicit ethical product attitudes which have otherwise evaded marketers (Zollo, 2021). Further, using samples of consumers in both the US and Italy, the current research examines the predictive power of this measure in predicting consequential ethical consumption choices. We conclude with a proposal for additional studies to further validate the procedure in more ecologically valid contexts.

In ethical consumerism, the issue of ethical attitudes not translating to ethical behaviors has been highly debated. While previous studies attribute this attitude-behavioral mismatch to the lack of education, hypocrisy, or low commitment, we propose a novel approach of applying Moral Foundation Theory (MFT) to account for the phenomenon. MFT identifies two dimensions of morality: individualizing moral foundations (INDI) which focuses on justice and harm, and binding moral foundations (BIND) which emphasizes authority and loyalty. Using responses from more than 4,000 consumers from four culturally and regionally diverse markets, we investigate the differing roles of moral foundations in response to a scenario on a sweatshop issue of a supplier whose factory is in a developing country. We use the mediator-moderator model of MFT-anticorporate attitude-boycott behavioral intention sequence to examine the differing role of INDI and BIND. Our results show that INDI and BIND are both positively related to anticorporate attitude; However, BIND is negatively related to boycott behavioral intention while INDI is positively related. That is, consumers with a strong BIND may show an attitude-behavioral mismatch although they are highly ethical.

The present study is designed to assess the ethical-moral effectiveness of three levels of AI implementations in the hospitality industry, which include mechanical AI for transactional services (automated service), thinking AI for functional services (algorithms search), and feeling AI for hedonic services (biometric sensors) when compared to consumers’ interactions with human. AI service robots are ethically challenging in use and morally controversial in its acceptance of labor replacement in hospitality contexts. In the hospitality industry, service robots have been rapidly adopted replacing frontline human services (Park et al., 2021). Service robots refer to “system-based autonomous and adaptable interfaces that interact, communicate and deliver service to an organization’s customers” (Wirtz et al., 2018, p.909). On the one hand, the applications of artificial intelligence (AI)-based service robots are promising in this field owing to remarkable accuracy in error reduction, portion control, and cost control in service operation and delivery (Berezina et al., 2019). However, on the other hand, there has been a debate on ethical and moral principles and values regarding service robots replacing human labor (Cowls et al., 2021). Nevertheless, restaurants’ adoption of service robots seems inevitable in the current marketplace as labor shortages and rising wages have challenged them to invest in automation (Tanzi, 2021). While prior research focused on the benefits of AI-based service offerings (e.g., Cristou et al., 2023; Huang & Rust, 2021; Park et al., 2021), this study explored the extent to which AI-based service robots are accepted by consumers without rising concern about service robots replacing human labors. To this end, we adopted Huang and Rust’s framework that identifies three levels of AI applications: mechanical, thinking, and feeling AIs. Mechanical AIs refer to the automation of repetitive and routine tasks (e.g., self-service technologies); thinking AIs facilitate rational decision-making based on data processing (e.g., conversational intelligent systems such as Siri); feeling AIs are able to interact with human emotions (e.g., humanlike robots that respond to human emotions such as Sophia). Further, we adopted the construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) to examine how different levels of AIs’ service capabilities influence the way that people think about AI-based service robots. In brief, this study demonstrated how different levels of AI benefits influence consumers’ moral concerns about AI-based service robotization’s replacement of human labor and social acceptance.

Recently, the luxury sector has witnessed a significant rise in luxury consumption, reaching £233 Billion in 2022 (Statista, 2022). This rise demonstrates the growing popularity of the luxury consumption phenomenon globally. However, the climate crisis may impact future trends in luxury consumption (Gardetti and Muthu, 2019). The luxury sector has endorsed a considerable growing demand for sustainability from environmental and ethical luxury consumers. In recent years, concerns have grown around the ethicality of supply chains, where consumers develop contradictory feelings and beliefs, veering between conscious and hedonistic decision-making (Kleinhaus, 2011; Helm, 2020; Wang et al. 2021). Moreover, consumers face a conflict between choosing what they believe is ethically right and indulgence (Hennigs et al. 2013). The supply chain plays an important role in achieving sustainability goals, and yet some researchers argue that the luxury supply chain can involve ethical and environmental breaches in terms of labour and raw materials, such as use of leather and fur (Klerk et al. 2018). However, some luxury brands such as Stella McCartney and Vivienne Westwood are focused on sustainability and the use of vegan raw materials (YNAP, 2021).

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology offers many opportunities for use in influencer marketing. There is however, no standardised ethical frameworks for use in this specific field. We offer a foundation framework to emphasise the social well-being goal and relate it to stakeholders involved.

In the wake of the global pandemic of obesity of the young generation in Europe, with varying prevalence depending on culture and television advertising consumption, the role of marketing communications in the process needs to be re-addressed. Hence, the manner in which the food and beverages are promoted to children in various geographical settings becomes crucial concern for not only parents and teachers, but also society as the whole, represented majorly by regulatory bodies. Previous research within the theme of the correlation between TV advertising and youth obesity have focused on the reaction of children and parents to the advertisements targeting children, mostly disregarding the actual content of the ads, the level of their influence on children and specific context in which this interaction occurs.

Prior studies focusing on safety behavior have not given sufficient consideration to the potential impact exerted by different leadership styles. Of these various styles, my attention is specifically drawn to the influence of ethical leadership on safety behavior. In this paper, I delve into the influence of ethical leadership on safety behavior, shedding light on both the underlying mechanisms(mediators) and a significant contextual factor(moderator). I probe into the successive mediating roles of employees' trust in the organization and their commitment to it, within the context of the relationship between ethical leadership and safety behavior. Further, I posit that authentic leadership positively adjusts the connection between ethical leadership and organizational trust. My findings underscore that ethical leadership enhances employee safety behavior, facilitated by the chain mediation of trust in the organization and organizational commitment. Moreover, I discover that authentic leadership, as a positive moderator, magnifies the favorable impact of ethical leadership on organizational trust. This paper will also articulate the theoretical implications, practical applications, and limitations of the study.

Nursing ethics, which is an ethical norm of nursing practice, is basic to the professionalism of nurses, and ethical education is important in building the professional virtues. The study aimed to identify the needs of nursing ethics education targeting a group of nursing professionals in South Korea. This study adopted descriptive survey design via online survey. The questionnaire items consisted of the experience of ethical issues and the needs related to the subject of ethics education in nursing. 53 questionnaires were finally analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients. The results showed that 40 of the study participants had more than 5 years of total clinical experience(69.8%). 48 of them previously participated in nursing ethics education(90.6%). The most frequently experienced ethical issues were ‘conflicts between colleagues’, ‘protecting of patient rights’ and ‘informed consent’. In relation to nursing ethics education, ‘ethical decision making and moral distress’, ‘shared decision making’ and ‘end-of-life care’ showed high needs for education. Overall, the higher the level of experience on ethical issues, the more educational needs for nursing ethics education(r=.360, p<.01). In addition, satisfaction with previous nursing ethics education was statistically significant positive correlation with the needs for the overall nursing ethics education topic(p.<01). In conclusion, the high level of experience on ethical issues shows the demands for continuity of ethical education and systematic improvement to improve the working environment of clinical nurses, and to meet the needs of nursing ethics education, a venue for discussion and education using case-based method should be provided.

이 글은 이민윤리가 이민행정의 합리성 수준에 영향을 미치는 핵심 요 인들 가운데 하나라는 전제하에 ‘비정규 체류 이주민’에 대한 한국 정부 의 체류관리에 나타난 이민윤리 결핍을 문제시하고 개선 방향을 제언한 다. 먼저 이주민의 비정규 체류를 유발하는 복합 요인, 즉 ‘불법화’ 메커 니즘에 대한 정부 대응의 한계를 검토한다. 이어서 국가의 기본 책무들을 보다 균형 있게 추구하면서 ‘불법화’에 실효적으로 대응할 수 있는 ‘다부 처 협력’의 필요성과 정당성을 논증한 뒤, 추진 원칙으로 ‘공동의 차별화 된 책임(Common But Differentiated Responsibilities, CBDR)’을 적용 할 것을 제안한다. 글의 후반부에서는 CBDR에 기반한 다부처 협력의 필 요성이 높은 대표적인 정책으로 볼 수 있는, 비정규 체류 이주민을 대상 으로 한 ‘체류 안정화 조치’를 논의한다. 이를 통해 체류 안정화 조치와 관련된 기존의 논의와 실천에서 좀처럼 다뤄지지 않은 ‘사회적 성원권’ 개념의 중요성을 환기하고, 이를 토대로 비정규 체류 이주민의 체류권에 대한 법적 인정의 필요성을 주창한다.

2030년 무렵 인공지능(AI) 분야에서 세계의 리더가 되고자 하는 목표의 일환으로, 중국 국무원은 2017년에 ‘차세대 인공지능 개발 계획’을 발표하였다. 본 논문은 AI 연구 및 개발과 관련한 중국의 현재 위치를 조명하고, 중국의 AI 거버넌스 및 윤리 원칙들에 대한 맥락적인 이해를 시도하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 2장은 중국 이 꿈꾸는 ‘AI굴기’라는 야망을 실현하기 위해 현재 중국이 AI 분야에서 도달해 있 는 지점을 살펴본다. 연구자는 비록 중국이 AI 연구와 개발에서 국가적 차원의 노력 을 통해 상당한 기술적 수준에 도달해 있지만, 아직 가야할 길이 남아 있음을 주장 한다. 3장은 AI를 위해 중국 정부와 기업 그리고 학계가 제시하고 있는 AI 관련 윤 리 원칙들과 규범들의 특징을 조명한다. 이를 위해 연구자는 EU의 AI 윤리 원칙을 상호 비교하면서 중국의 AI 윤리 원칙의 성격과 특징을 드러낸다. 이 과정에서 본 논문은 중국 정부는 AI가 가져다 줄 잠재적 이익들과 AI로 인한 위험들과 이에 대 한 도전들을 인지하고 있지만, 이러한 요인들의 상호작용에서 정부의 이익과 공공의 보안을 그 중심에 두고 있음을 주장한다. 자연스럽게 4장에서 연구자는 이러한 중국 정부의 이익을 위한 AI의 활용이 초래할 우려들과 현재 목격되는 부작용들을 ‘감시 국가를 위한 AI의 기술적 활용’으로 규정하고, 그 실태를 살펴본다. 연구자는 중국의 AI 거버넌스가 전 세계적인 신뢰를 얻고, 다른 나라들과의 바람직한 협력을 구축할 수 있는 방향으로 나아갈 때, 진정한 AI 리더 국가로서 그 보편성을 획득할 수 있음 을 결론을 통해 주장하며 본 연구를 마무리 한다.

본 연구는 상사의 윤리적 리더십이 비서직 종사자의 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 윤리적 리더 십과 직무만족의 관계에서 상사 신뢰의 매개역할을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 수도권 지역 기업 에 재직 중인 비서직 종사자를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 최종적으로 211부의 데이터가 분석되었다. 수집한 자료는 신뢰도 분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 변수의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 확인하였다. 가설의 검증을 위해 구조방정식 모형 분석을 사용하였으며, 매개효과를 알아보기 위해 부트스트랩핑을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상사의 윤리적 리더십은 비서의 직무만족에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘 째, 상사의 윤리적 리더십은 비서직 종사자의 상사에 대한 신뢰에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것이 검증되었다. 셋째, 비서직 종사자의 상사에 대한 신뢰는 비서의 직무만족에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 비서직 종사자의 상사 신뢰는 상사의 윤리적 리더십과 비서의 직무만족의 관계에서 부분 매개 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 연구로부터 도출된 결과는 비서직 종사자의 직무만족을 위해 상사의 윤리적 리더십과 상사 신뢰가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 밝혀냈다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The restraints are used in the intensive care unit as a way to restrict the movement of the whole body or part of the body for the safety of the patient, such as maintaining medical equipment, preventing falls and patient self tube removal through regulating the patient's behavior. However, the physical restraints are used for the physical safety of the patient, but that is cause a variety of physical and psychological complications. Thus, nurses in intensive care units who apply restraint on face an ethical dilemma in the confrontation between the nurse's duty to improve the patient's health and protect the patient's safety and the value of the patient's autonomy and dignity. We have two examples are proposed to identify the ethical dilemma situation faced by nurses, to induce an active attitude towards elimination by establishing exactly restraint - removal criteria. In addition, it is proposed to seek a balance of individual values through active communication between the patient and the medical staff regarding the application of the restraint.

With the enforcement of the “Act on decisions on life-sustaining treatment for patients at the end of life” in February 2018, discussion on advanced care planning (ACP) has increased. However, as decisions on life-sustaining treatments are still made in the intensive care unit, deaths related to the suspension of life-sustaining treatment account for a large proportion of deaths in the intensive care unit. The nurses encounter challenges in supporting the patient's dignified death; they experience an ethical dilemma in the ambiguity due to a lack of guidance on legal responsibilities regarding decisions on life-sustaining treatment. In order for the nurses to perform as a supporter providing care to the patients and as a advocate during the process of decision-making on life-sustaining treatment, there should be a systemic change to ensure the nurses' participation. In addition, an open and continuous discussion should be proposed to cultivate nurses’ ethical sensitivity and moral courage. This paper reports two ethical examples related to the decisions on life-sustaining treatment occurred in intensive care units of a tertiary hospital.

Purpose: This study was attempted to investigate the relationship among workplace bulling, organizational silence, organizational justice, ethical climate, and intent to leave in hospital nurses. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected from 267 full-time nurses working at one general hospital in South Korea from June 10 to 30, 2022 and analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: As a result of the study, workplace bullying averaged 1.81 (out of 4), organizational silence 2.60 (out of 5), organizational fairness 3.06 (out of 5), ethical climate 3.57 (out of 5), and intent to leave was 2.88 (out of 5). The higher workplace bullying and organizational silence, the lower organizational justice and ethical climate, the intent to leave of hospital nurses was high. Organizational justice, workplace bullying, and age could explain their intent to leave of 37.0%. Conclusion: It Is found that it is important to increase organizational justice and prevent workplace bullying in order to lower hospital nurses' intent to leave. So it is concluded that managers should disclose the process and results of organization operation, and prepare measures to prevent bullying in the workplace centered the vulnerable.