The era of logistics 4.0 in which new technologies are applied to existing traditional logistics management has approached. It is developing based on the convergence between various technologies, and R&D are being conducted worldwide to build smart logistics by synchronizing various services with the logistics industry. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology and technology strategy that can achieve trend analysis using patent analysis and promote the development of the domestic smart logistics industry based on this. Based on the preceding research, eight key technology fields related to smart logistics were selected, and technology trends were derived through LDA techniques. After that, for the development of the domestic logistics industry, the strategy of the domestic smart logistics industry was derived based on analysis including technology capabilities. It proposed a growth plan in the field of big data and IoT in terms of artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles, and marketability. This study confirmed smart logistics technologies by using LDA and quantitative indicators expressing the market and technology of patents in literature analysis-oriented research that mainly focused on trend analysis. It is expected that this method can also be applied to emerging logistics technologies in the future.

The global coffee market has undergone several structural changes with power shifting from the International Coffee Agreement and its member countries to international coffee traders, multinational coffee corporations, and ultimately end-consumers. Despite these changes, the chronic issue of income disparity between coffee-producing and coffee-consuming countries remains entrenched. Although various international organizations and individual companies have initiated diverse sustainability movements, these efforts have shown limitations. In this context, it is essential to identify and analyze successful examples of prioritizing the development of marginalized tribal coffee producers and their community in the process of globalization. It is also essential to generalize factors contributing to their success. This study aimed to analyze the Araku Coffee Project led by the Naandi Foundation in India through lens of the cultural-political economy of the Global Production Networks (GPN). The Naandi Foundation rooted in the philosophy of sustainability has worked to enlighten the indigenous people of the Araku region while cooperating and building trust with smallholder farmers, cooperative, European carbon-fund, and international buyers. During this process, not only a platform of international coffee sales but a regional coffee festival called ‘Gems of Araku’ was initiated while marketing efforts using the name of ‘Araku’ were made. At the same time, organizational strategies of the global production network were put into practice. As a result, coffee production showed both quantitative and qualitative growths, leading to an improvement in the quality of life for the indigenous people.

Recently, Korean government has incorporated the assessment and restoration of river continuity as a key component of its integrated water management policy. While, methodologies for evaluating discontinuities and degradation, as well as the procedures for assessment and restoration, have been developed and proposed, there is a need for further improvement. Therefore, further research is required to establish a conceptual framework for continuity specific to domestic river ecosystems and to formulate appropriate assessment methods and restoration strategies. In this study we conduct a comparative analysis of the concepts, restoration approaches, and comprehensive evaluation methods for river continuity as proposed by Japan, the United States, and the European Union (EU), all of which have long-standing frameworks for river continuity assessment and restoration projects. Each country demonstrates distinct objectives and guidelines: Japan emphasizes habitat continuity within the context of river and watershed continuity, the United States integrates continuity as a tool for watershed management, and the EU prioritizes biodiversity conservation by advocating for the removal of artificial barriers and promoting the restoration of free-flowing rivers (FFR). By investigating these international examples, this study provides insights that can guide the development of long-term strategies and evaluation criteria for securing aquatic ecosystem continuity in Korea.

현재 K-컬처의 성장 과정에서 K-웹툰이 한국 콘텐츠 산업에서 주요 지식재산(IP)으로 자리 잡은 배경과 그 확장 가능성에 논의가 필요한 시점이다. K-컬처는 20세기 말 K-드라마를 시작으로 21세기 초 K-팝을 중심으로 세계적으로 확산하였고, 현재 K-웹툰은 독창적인 스토리텔링과 시각적 매력을 바탕으로 글로벌 콘텐츠로서 인기를 얻고 있다. 웹툰은 디지털 환경에 최적화된 콘텐츠로, 다양한 미디어 플랫폼을 통해 다각적인 비즈니스 모델로 확장할 수 있다. 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링은 이러한 웹툰 IP의 확장을 극대화할 수 있는 중요한 전략으로 주목받고 있으며, 이를 통해 웹툰은 다양한 미디어와 협력하여 통합된 세계관을 구축하고 있다. 특히, 스핀오프 방식은 웹툰 IP의 지속 가능한 발전을 도모하며 글로벌 시장에서의 경쟁력 을 강화하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 K-웹툰이 K-컬처의 핵심 콘텐츠로서 지속적인 성장을 이끌어가기 위한 다양한 전략적 접근을 제시한다.

본 논문은 K드라마의 소구 요인 탐색을 위한 사례연구로 2022년 글로벌 히트를 기록한 "이상한 변호사 우영우"의 해외 시청자 반응을 분석한 것이다. 이 드라마의 어떤 요소가 해외 시청자의 공감과 이해를 이끈 것인지 살펴, 한국 드라마의 해외 진출 전략 수립에 유용한 시사점을 제공함이 이 연구의 목적이다. “우영우”는 글 로벌 OTT의 현지화 전략에 따른 기획 제작 과정을 거치지 않은 토종 기획물임에 도 불구하고 아시아뿐 아니라 문화적 근접성이 낮은 서구권에서도 고르게 히트했 다는 사실에 주목해, 글로벌 웹 플랫폼 IMDb의 “우영우” 관련 리뷰 총 265건에 대한 양적, 질적 분석을 수행했다. 분석 결과 이 드라마에 평점을 준 사용자의 86% 이상이 10점 만점에 8점 이상의 높은 만족도를 보였으며, 장애 캐릭터를 연 기한 박은빈에 대한 호평과 따뜻한 인간애를 강조한 이 드라마의 메시지에 공감한 다는 의견이 지배적이었다. 리뷰에 언급된 가장 큰 이슈는 자폐 장애 재현에 대한 상반된 평가였는데, 그러한 논란은 사회 정의와 인권 존중의 휴머니즘 담론으로 수 렴되고 있었다. 기존의 한류드라마 인기가 ‘문화적 근접성‘에 기반된 것이었다면, 이 드라마는 ‘문화적 보편성’을 지닌 초국적 요소들로 전 세계인의 공감과 이해를 얻어낸 것이다. 이러한 연구 결과는 K드라마의 히트 요인을 설명하는 유의미한 사 례일 뿐 아니라, 한국 콘텐츠의 글로벌 문화 시장 진출과 국가 간 문화교류의 전략 및 정책 수립에도 유용한 시사점을 제공해 줄 것이다.

The ocean is linked to long-term climate variability, but there are very few methods to assess the short-term performance of forecast models. This study analyzes the short-term prediction performance regarding ocean temperature and salinity of the Global Seasonal prediction system version 5 (GloSea5). GloSea5 is a historical climate re-creation (2001-2010) performed on the 1st, 9th, 17th, and 25th of each month. It comprises three ensembles. High-resolution hindcasts from the three ensembles were compared with the Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) float data for the period 2001-2010. The horizontal position was preprocessed to match the ARGO float data and the vertical layer to the GloSea5 data. The root mean square error (RMSE), Brier Score (BS), and Brier Skill Score (BSS) were calculated for short-term forecast periods with a lead-time of 10 days. The results show that sea surface temperature (SST) has a large RMSE in the western boundary current region in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, and sea surface salinity (SSS) has significant errors in the tropics with high precipitation, with both variables having the largest errors in the Atlantic. SST and SSS had larger errors during the fall for the NINO3.4 region and during the summer for the East Sea. Computing the BS and BSS for ocean temperature and salinity in the NINO3.4 region revealed that forecast skill decreases with increasing lead-time for SST, but not for SSS. The preprocessing of GloSea5 forecasts to match the ARGO float data applied in this study, and the evaluation methods for forecast models using the BS and BSS, could be applied to evaluate other forecast models and/or variables.

본 연구팀은 피아노제조산업에서 대표적인 기업인 ㈜야마하가 국제화 과정에서 제품 전략과 시장 전략을 동시에 적용하는 사례를 통해서 국제경영에 관한 새로운 모델인 국제경영의 4가지 본원적 메커니즘(4 Generic Mechanisms in Global Management: 4GMGM)의 현실적용가능성을 다루었다. 야마하 피아노가 초기에 현으로 소리를 내는 전통적인 건반악기인 피아노를 일본이라는 현지 시장에서 개발 판매하는 현지화(Localization) 전략에서 출발했다가, 디지털 피아노를 개발 하면서 현세화(Loc-balization) 전략으로 나아갔고, 최상위 품질을 갖춘 그랜드피아노를 개발하 면서 세계화(Globalization) 전략의 정점을 찍었다가, 현지 음악 소리를 내는 맞춤형 피아노를 일 렉트릭 파이노의 한 영역으로 개발하면서 세현화(Glocalization) 전략으로 변신한 과정을 검토했 다. 이 연구를 통해 기업이 국제화하는 과정에서 제품전략과 시장전략을 동시에 개발해야 한다는 논리를 제시한 4GMGM이 현실을 설명하는데 적절하다는 검토 의견을 도출했다.

글로벌거버넌스에 대한 서구식 혹은 비서국식 접근법의 이분법에 대해 서는 알려진 바가 없다. 이에 본 논문은 다음의 연구문제를 제기했다. 비 서구권 유명인사들과 UN 산하기구들의 파트너십을 통한 해시태그 행동 주의는 어떻게 지속가능개발목표(SDGs)의 실현과 디지털 시대 자유주의 세계질서에 이바지할 수 있을까? 해시태그 행동주의와 명사외교에 대한 이론적 접근으로 본고는 1) 참여, 2) 글로벌 청중, 3) 영향 메커니즘의 세 가지 분석적 차원을 도출하고 방탄소년단의 유니세프 친선대사 위촉 사례를 분석하여, 방탄소년단 팬클럽 ARMY의 초국경적 글로벌 운동이 디지털 참여를 통한 글로벌 연대로 이어졌다는 것을 밝혔다. 방탄소년단 의 스토리텔링에 내재 된 자유주의적 가치는 글로벌 청중들이 사이버 활 동에 더 많이 참여하도록 했고, 밴드의 참여는 젊은이들의 플랫폼 역할 을 하는 상향식 영향 메커니즘을 만들었다.

This paper aims to investigate how and to what extent ‘critical’ global citizenship is reflected in middle school English textbooks in Korea. Framed within Freire’s concept of critical literacy, the study is concerned with analyzing the written texts in two English textbooks, with a focus on the issue of representations. Using critical content analysis, the research centers on unpacking how race, racism, or racialization, especially in the United States, is represented, and to what extent these representations may be associated with global citizenship education in English language learning. The major findings indicate a notable absence of sufficient sociohistorical and cultural contexts of race in the United States as presented in the concerned English textbooks. Based on the analysis, this paper calls for an expansion of the dimensions of critical global citizenship in English language learning settings, aiming to provide students with broader opportunities to question colonial discourse and challenge issues related to power and systemic oppression.

This paper explores the professional identities of four Filipino English teachers (FETs) who instruct international students at a language academy in Bonifacio Global City (BGC), a special district for the Philippines’ globalization. Employing a narrative inquiry approach, data was gathered through individual interviews, and subsequently analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. The findings indicate that the participants assume three distinct roles within the academy. As experts in English language teaching, they consider themselves the equal of, or even superior to, native English-speaking teachers, which they attribute to their language proficiency, pedagogical skills, and content-based teaching. In their role as educational caretakers, they prioritize their students’ well-being, providing motivation for English language learning, and offering emotional support. Furthermore, they identify themselves as international teachers, having deliberately chosen BGC as their career destination to foster multiculturalism and global citizenship. This study is of particular significance, as it scrutinizes the roles of FETs, frequently categorized as “non-native teachers,” within the context of globalization.

본 연구에서는 지구과학 교육 연구 논문들을 대상으로 질적 메타 분석을 통해 집단적 PCK (cPCK) 중 ‘특정 과 학 주제(온실 효과, 지구 온난화, 기후변화)에 대한 학생 이해 지식’을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온실 효과, 지구 온난화, 기후변화에 대한 학생 대체 개념(오개념)과 관련된 지구과학 교육 연구 논문 22편을 선정하여 각각의 정의, 원 인(매커니즘), 그리고 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 종합하기 위해 언어 네트워크 분석, 정신모형틀을 적용하 였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다; (1) 온실 효과에 대한 학생들의 개념 이해를 메타 분석한 결과, 온실 효과와 지구 온난 화를 같은 의미로 사용하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 온실 기체의 종류를 제한적으로 알고 있고, 온실 기체의 역할을 이해 하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 온실 효과의 발생을 환경오염이나 오존층의 변화와 관련지어 생각하고, 지표-대기의 열수지 평형과 온실 효과를 관련짓지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. (2) 지구 온난화에 대한 학생들의 개념 이해를 메타 분석한 결과, 지구 온난화를 해수면 상승과 같은 의미로 사용하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 지구 온난화의 발생을 환경오 염, 오존층의 변화, 빙하의 융해와 관련지어 생각하고, 지표-대기의 열수지 평형이 깨져 지구 온난화가 나타나는 것으로 이해하고 있었다. 또한 지구 온난화가 환경에 미치는 영향을 잘못 알고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. (3) 기후변화에 대한 학생들의 개념 이해를 메타 분석한 결과, 기후변화를 지구 온난화, 기상 변화, 기상 이변과 같은 의미로 사용하는 것으 로 분석되었으며, 기후변화의 발생을 대기오염, 오존층의 파괴와 관련지어 생각하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 기후변화 가 우리 생활과 환경에 미치는 영향을 잘못 알고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 대한 분석 결과를 언어 네트워크 분석 을 통해 종합한 결과, 집단적 PCK로서 3가지 정신모형(범주적 오해, 기제적 오해, 위계적 오해)을 표현할 수 있었다. 이 와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 지구과학 교사 PCK 개발을 위한 함의를 논의하였다.

Historically, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has provided development assistance to Latin American countries even though PRC has not achieved developed country status itself. In explaining this puzzle, the literature emphasises the prevalence of material and economic interests in the region. The present study seeks, by key informant interviews, to provide a deeper understanding of this dynamic, specifically by paying attention to how this practice has taken shape in the case of Venezuela. Beijing opens extensive lines of credit based on a holistic trial-and-error approach and case-by-case adaptation. Loans have shifted from being seen as a solution to local problems to becoming another source of national economic stagnation. The criticism directed towards Chinese lenders is that they lack clear standards and this holistic adaptation tends to perpetuate the bad practices of unstable governments.

In countries without strong biosecurity systems, Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium poses a continuing threat to agriculture. Even when quarantine laws exist, the risk is greater if one of the world's most serious pests becomes introduced to imported stored grain. The rate of Khapra beetles introduced is rising sharply with increased transport, trade, travel, and tourism between countries and continents. Species identification is usually the key to success in Khapra beetle control programs. Countries that export/import grains, such as Australia, Canada, Russia, Korea and USA, must ensure that their ports, grain storage facilities, and transportation systems are free of khapra beetle. Researchers so far developed effective quarantine treatments and eradication strategies to deal with khapra beetle infestations that occur upon import at inland port. Khapra beetle introductions are likely to be impacted by a variety of factors, including trade flow and quarantine laws. In this study, we provide an overview of the current global quarantine laws, invasions of khapra beetle, and its control strategies.

As the size of the gaming market continues to grow, game engines like Unity and Unreal are constantly being developed and updated for multi-platform support. In particular, Unity divides the Render Pipeline to be used. Among them, the Universal Render Pipeline (URP) has the advantage of supporting various platforms while improving performance by reducing draw calls and batches at the same quality settings and reducing the load on the CPU and GPU. However, only limited global illumination is supported in the real-time 3D rendering area within URP, such as Baked GI and Enlighten GI, and Enlighten GI will be deprecated after 2024LST, so real-time global illumination is not available in URP, which may reduce the realism and immersion of global illumination in games or applications that use URP. The main objective of this research is to incorporate precomputed spherical harmonics into URP to enable dynamic GI updates in real-time. The approach proposed in this research is to compute the coefficients of spherical harmonics offline and then run them within the URP rendering pipeline, where work exists to effectively simulate dynamic lighting conditions. To demonstrate this, experiments were conducted by changing the rotation and color of the lights, and a comparative analysis was performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory proposed in this work.

Today’s digital economy has gradually emerged as a new engine of innovation for China’s economic growth. However, while injecting new vitality into the Chinese economy, digital globalization has also brought a series of challenges to China, such as data security, digital divide, unregulated competition among digital platforms, and a lack of mechanisms for protecting property rights. These issues underscore China's insufficient capacity for effectively regulating and systematically governing the digital economy. In contrast, South Korean government has implemented the ‘Korea Digital Strategy’ (KDS) and the ‘Basic Law for Promoting the Revitalization and Utilization of Data’ (Data Industry Act) to foster the development of the digital economy industry. These measures effectively solve the problems of digital industry development and governance, and thus improve the legal system of South Korea’s digital economy. Therefore, this study compares the construction of digital economy legal system in China and South Korea through comparative analysis, summarizes the experience of digital economy legal system construction in South Korea, and offers three insights for the development of China’s digital economy legal system. Firstly, China needs to improve the coordination of its laws for the digital economy, avoid repetitive and overlapping legislation, and enhance the scientificity and authority of legislation; Secondly, China needs to adopt a systematic and comprehensive approach to legislating and governing the digital economy, ensuring the consistency and coherence of the system; Thirdly, China needs to conduct more basic research, pay attention to the ethical and legal implications, and keep the legal system up to date, so as to ensure the effectiveness of the law.

본 연구에서는 PBL학습법과 Tandem학습법을 적용한 PBL 문화 Tandem수업을 설계하여 운영하고 그 효과와 문제점을 살펴보았다. Tandem 학습법은 글로벌 협업 능력을 증진시킬 수 있는 학습모형이고, PBL 학습법은 문제해결 능력 및 사회적응 역량을 증진시킬 수 있는 학습법이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 PBL 한중 문화 Tandem 수업을 총 3 차례 운영하면서 매 수업 모형에서의 문제점을 개선하고 발전시켰으며, 이를 통해 효과적인 학습이 가능한 수업 모형을 설계하고자 하였다. 운영결과 본 수 업모형에서는 서로 다른 문화를 가진 학생들이 협력하여 과제를 수행해야하기 때문 에 학생들 간에 우호적인 관계를 형성할 수 있도록 하는 것이 가장 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 우호적인 관계가 형성된 후 무임승차가 상대적으로 적어졌고, 수행 역량이 부족한 팀원에 대해서도 배려하는 모습을 보임으로써 갈등 상황이 줄어드는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

This study utilizes social big data to investigate the factors influencing the awareness, attitude, and behavior toward vegan fashion consumption among global and Korean consumers. Social media posts containing the keyword “vegan fashion” were gathered, and meaningful discourse patterns were identified using semantic network analysis and sentiment analysis. The study revealed that diverse factors guide the purchase of vegan fashion products within global consumer groups, while among Korean consumers, the predominant discourse involved the concepts of veganism and ethics, indicating a heightened awareness of vegan fashion. The research then delved into the factors underpinning awareness (comprehension of animal exploitation, environmental concerns, and alternative materials), attitudes (both positive and negative), and behaviors (exploration, rejection, advocacy, purchase decisions, recommendations, utilization, and disposal). Global consumers placed great significance on product-related information, whereas Korean consumers prioritized ethical integrity and reasonable pricing. In addition, environmental issues stemming from synthetic fibers emerged as a significant factor influencing the awareness, attitude, and behavior regarding vegan fashion consumption. Further, this study confirmed the potential presence of cultural disparities influencing overall awareness, attitude, and behavior concerning the acceptance of vegan fashion, and offers insights into vegan fashion marketing strategies tailored to specific cultures, aiming to provide vegan fashion companies and brands with a deeper understanding of their consumer base.

Revolutionary advancements, such as the reduction in DNA sequencing costs and genome editing, have transformed biotechnology, fostering progress in manipulating biomolecules, engineering cells, and computational biology. Agriculture and food production have significantly benefited from tools like high-throughput microarrays, accelerating the selection of desired traits. Genetic engineering, especially utilizing genome editing, facilitates precise alterations in plants and animals, harnessing microbiomes and fostering lab-grown meat production to alleviate environmental pressures. The emergence of new biotechnologies, notably genome editing, underscores the necessity for regulatory frameworks governing LM (living modified) organisms. Global regulations overseeing genetically engineered or genome-edited (GE) organisms, encompassing animals, exhibit considerable diversity. Nonetheless, prevailing international regulatory trends typically exclude genomeedited plants and animals, employing novel biotechnological techniques, from GMO/ LMO classification if they lack foreign genes and originate through natural mutations or traditional breeding programs. This comprehensive review scrutinizes ongoing risk and safety assessment cases, such as genome-edited beef cattle and fish in the USA and Japan. Furthermore, it investigates the limitations of existing regulations related to genome editing in Korea and evaluates newly proposed legislation, offering insights into the future trajectory of regulatory frameworks.