This study examines the impact of digital payment methods on consumer spending, highlighting adoption's moderating role. A two-phase approach, involving 741 survey participants and 166,151 customer records, reveals that digital payments increase willingness to pay and total spending compared to credit cards. Adoption plays a pivotal role, with simple payment users showing significantly higher credit card usage than non-users.

With the popularity of live streaming commerce, the characteristics of streamers and products subtly influence consumer behavior through visual live streaming form. Based on dual-process theory, this paper develops a comprehensive theoretical model to examine how consumer perceived streamer characteristics and product characteristics influence streamer attractiveness and product attractiveness, and explore how consumer behavior inertia is affected by streamer attractiveness and product attractiveness. An online survey consisting of 300 participants was recruited to empirically examine the proposed research model. The results indicated that consumer perceived streamer characteristics and product characteristics are important factors affecting the streamer attractiveness and product attractiveness, which in turn positively affect consumer’s shopping experience memory, which further influence consumer behavior inertia. In addition, the moderating effects of mindfulness are also examined.

지난 20년간에 걸쳐 유머 경영은 효과적인 경영전략 기법으로 간주되고 있으며, 유머 경영의 실천적 방안 중 하나인 상사 유머는 부하직원의 태도, 행동에 바람직한 효과를 발휘한다는 결과가 제시되고 있다. 하지만 상사 유머를 설명하는 이론들, 상사 유머의 효과 연구 등에서 상사 유머의 혼재된 결과가 나타나 고 있다. 이러한 논쟁을 해소하기 위하여 상사 유머에 부하직원이 반응하는 데 있어 제한적 조건 (boundary condition)을 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 수평적인 조직문화가 확산되고 있다는 측면과 더 불어 상사 유머를 하향식 의사소통 방식으로, 부하직원의 발언 행동을 상향식 의사소통 방식으로 보고 상사의 관점을 수용하기 위해서는 개인이 인식하고 있는 권력거리가 중요한 제한적 조건이라고 판단하였다. 이에 권력거리를 낮게 인식할수록 상사의 유머 관점을 쉽게 수용하게 되면서 부하직원은 발언 행동을 증가시킬 수 있지만 권력거리를 높게 인식할수록 상사의 유머 관점을 수용하기 어려워지면서 부하직원은 발언 행동을 감소시킬 수 있다고 보았다. 국내 기업에 종사하는 220명 중간 관리자급을 대상으로 한 연구 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 상사 유머와 발언 행동 간의 관계에서 권력거리는 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 권력거리를 낮게 인식할수록 상사 유머는 발언 행동에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났지만, 권력거리를 높게 인식할수록 상사 유머는 발언 행동에 부적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 관점수용이론을 토대로 상사 유머의 효과에 대한 제한적 조건 연구 분야를 확장하는 데 기여하고 실무적으로 리더에 의하여 발현되는 하향식 의사소통인 상사 유머와 부하 직원에 의하여 발현되는 상향식 의사소통인 발언 행동 간의 관계에서 권력거리의 인식이 중요한 성향적 조절 효과가 있다는 결과를 제시함으로써 조직 내 의사소통에 유용한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다.

Digital channels are becoming increasingly important in consumer purchase decisions. Yet, the availability of several different channels present consumers the opportunity to switch between one and another, such a phenomenon is called cross-channel free riding. This research aims therefore at exploring whether cognitive dissonance and opportunistic behavior are relevant antecedents of cross-channel free riding.

The paper examines how empowering leadership and intrinsic motivation contributed to explaining in-role behavior. In order to verify the relationships and mediating effect, data were collected from 414 individuals in employees working in small and medium-sized firms at Jinju, Changwon, Gimhae, Busan City to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. All data collected from the survey were analyzed using with SPSS 18.0. This study reports findings as follows: first, the relationship between the empowering leadership and the intrinsic motivation is positively related. Second, there was also a positive correlation between the intrinsic motivation and the in-role behavior. Third, the relationship between the empowering leadership and the in-role behavior is positively related. Finally, the intrinsic motivation played as a partial mediator on the relationship between empowering leadership and in-role behavior. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

This study aimed to examine the effects of transformational leadership on employees’ trust, perceived support from superiors, organizational citizenship behavior, and moderating effects of locus of control. Using the Amos program, this study tested reliability and fitness of the research model and verified five hypotheses based on empirical data from 233 employee samples in coffee shops. The result of this study shows that positive consideration and charisma of transformational leadership positively influenced employees’ level of trust toward superiors and perceived support from superiors. Trust had positive effects on promotion of organizational citizenship behavior of employees. Lastly, analysis of the moderating effect of locus of control showed that a lower level of extrinsic control and higher level of intrinsic control were both positively correlated with greater receptiveness to transformational leadership. The findings in this study identified several significant factors of employee effectiveness influenced by transformational leadership in the coffee shop industry. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

Camouflage can be attained via mechanisms such as background matching (resembling the general background) and disruptive coloration (hindering the detection of an animal’s outline). However, despite much conceptual work with artificial stimuli there have to date been few studies of how such camouflage types work in real animals in their natural environments. Here, using avian vision models and image analysis, we tested which concealing mechanisms operate to provide camouflage during behavioral choice of a resting position in two bark-resting moths, Hypomecis roboraria and Jankowskia fuscaria. We found that both species reinforced their crypticity in terms of both background matching and disruptive coloration. However the detailed mechanisms (such as achromatic/chromatic matching or pattern direction matching) that each species exploits differed between the two species. Additionally, we found substantial correlation between the degree of background matching and disruptive coloration, which supports previous work suggesting that these two different concealing mechanisms work together to confer camouflage. Our results clearly demonstrate that an appropriate behavioral choice of background is essential to improve camouflaged against natural predators, and highlight the interrelation between different concealing mechanisms in real prey.

This research examines the causal relationships between supervisor trust and organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) and the mediating role of organizational trust on OCB. Using the sample of 282 small and medium sized enterprises’ employees, this study analyzes three alternative hypotheses centered around supervisor trust, organizational trust, and OCB. The results show that supervisor trust has a strong positive effect on OCB. Second, organizational trust is positively related to OCB. Third, this research proves that partial mediating effects of organizational trust exist between supervisor trust(relational trust) and OCB(civic virtue, sportsmanship). Finally, this research proves that a full mediating effect of organizational trust exists between supervisor trust(calculative trust) and OCB(sportsmanship). This study recommends supervisor trust, organizational trust be valued in order to increase OCB vital for organizational effectiveness or productivity in small-medium sized manufacturing enterprises.

The effect of use of as PCA(process control agent) to prevent the carbon contamination during mechanical alloying process and the precipitation behavior in Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb bulk alloy after aging were investigated. NbC and were formed during mechanical alloying and consolidation processes in the Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb alloy in which methanol() was added as PCA. Formation of NbC in this alloy decreased the amount of Nb dissolved in the Ni matrix. The use of as PCA in Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb alloy prevented the formation of NbC and increased the hardness. The increase of hardness in this alloy was attributed to the increased amount of Nb dissolved in the Ni matrix. After aging treatment for 20 hours at of Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb bulk alloy in which added as PCA, precipitates were formed, respectively. The precipitation temperatures of and in this bulk alloy were lower than those in commercial IN 718 alloy. It seemed that the lower precipitation temperatures for and in this bulk alloy than in commercial IN 718 alloy were due to severe plastic deformation during mechanical alloying.

이 연구는 Deci와 Ryan(1985, 2002)의 자기결정이론에 근거하여 운동선수들이 지각하는 코칭행동과 운동동기와의 관계에서 심리적 욕구만족의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 J도에서 실시된 전지훈련에 참가한 운동선수 184명(남자선수: 134명, 여자선수: 50명)이었다. 참여자들은 코칭행동, 기본 심리적 욕구만족 및 운동동기 질문지를 완료하였으며, 공분산구조분석을 통해 변인간 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 코치의 행동 유형 중 훈련/지도 행동은 자율성에 유의한 정(+)의 직접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 민주적 행동은 자율성과 유능성에 유의한 정(+)의 직접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 긍정적 피드백은 관계성에 유의한 정(+)의 직접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 반면에 권위적 행동은 관계성에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 심리적 욕구만족 구인들이 운동 동기에 미치는 직접효과를 살펴본 결과, 자율성과 유능성은 자율적 동기에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 통제적 동기에는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 코칭행동과 운동동기간의 관계에서 심리적 욕구만족의 매개효과를 분석한 결과, 민주적 행동만이 심리적 욕구만족을 경유하여 자율적 동기에 유의한 정(+)의 간접 영향과 통제적 조절에 부(-)의 간접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 이 연구는 코칭행동과 운동동기간의 관계에서 심리적 욕구만족의 매개효과를 부분적으로 입증하였다.