PURPOSES : This study aimed to predict the number of future COVID-19 confirmed cases more accurately using public and transportation big data and suggested priorities for introducing major policies by region. METHODS : Prediction analysis was performed using a long short-term memory (LSTM) model with excellent prediction accuracy for time-series data. Random forest (RF) classification analysis was used to derive regional priorities and major influencing factors. RESULTS : Based on the daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases from January 26 to December 12, 2020, as well as the daily number of confirmed cases in Gyeonggi Province, which was expected to occur on December 24 and 25, depending on social distancing, the accuracy of the LSTM artificial neural network was approximately 95.8%. In addition, as a result of deriving the major influencing factors of COVID-19 through random forest classification analysis, according to the number of people, social distancing stages, and masks worn, Bucheon, Yongin, and Pyeongtaek were identified as regions expected to be at high risk in the future. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can help predict pandemics such as COVID-19.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to develop a transportation-energy linkage model and performance evaluation indicators to improve the sustainability operation and technology of smart city transportation-energy services. METHODS : This study derived a new transportation-energy linkage system model for 15 services designated by the national pilot city. Evaluation indicators for energy-oriented transportation services in smart cities were selected, and a methodological framework was proposed for selecting quantitative evaluation indicators based on text mining and importance-performance analysis (IPA). RESULTS : Twenty indicators, confirmed as crucial for successful transportation-energy linkage in smart cities, were selected. These covered data linkage between services, IoT-based information linkage driving rate, and network and energy efficiency indicators. The proposed quantitative methodological framework can complement expert subjective evaluation by identifying meaningful implications in research literature that experts may have missed. The methodology can consistently derive indicators even when new services are added, aiding policymakers’ decisions. CONCLUSIONS : The methodological framework can contribute to minimizing operational risks in smart city transportation-energy expansion. It can also be used to prioritize service investment in smart cities by estimating benefit effects through quantitative indicators.

This study attempted to provide implications by analyzing the impact of business Owner’s safety commitment on industrial accidents and examining the mediating role of management supervisors’ safety leadership and worker participation. Analysis was conducted on 2,067 manufacturing sites with 20 to 50 employees in the 10th Occupational Safety and Health Survey data. SPSS waw used to secure the reliability of the measurement variable. Hypothesis vertification was carried out after securing the suitability and validity of the structural model using AMOS. The direct impact of three latent variables on industrial accidents was confirmed: the business owner’s safety commitment, the management supervisor’s safety leadership, and the worker participation. The employer’s safety will and the management supervisor’s safety leadership do not directly affect industial accidents, but it has been verified that worker participation has a diret impact on industrial accident reduction. In addition, it has been confirmed that the safety leadership and worker participation of the management. Supervior have a complete mediating effect on the reduction of industrial accidents by mediating with the safety leadership of the management supervior and the participation of the workers. This study analyzed the impact on industrial accidents by dividing the stakeholders constituting the workplace into three classes: business owners, superviors, and workers, but the results suggest that employers and all workers inside the workplace may be organically linked to achieving the goal of reducing industrial accidents. Therefore, in order to establish an autonomous safety management system for safety and health at workerplaces, efforts are needed to reduce industrial accidents in their respective location by forming an organic community among internal stakeholders.

The decommissioning of domestic Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) in Korea is expected to begin with the Kori-1, which was permanently shutdown in 2017. In addition, Wolsong-1 has been also permanently shutdown, and another type will be the decommissioning project following Kori-1. KHNP is promoting operation and decommissioning projects as the owner of NPPs, and the Central Research Institute (CRI) has been developing a Final Decommissioning Plan (FDP) for the decommissioning license document. The FDP consists of 11 major chapters in the order of overview of the project, characteristic evaluation, safety assessment, radiation protection, decontamination & dismantlement activities, waste management, etc. The contents described in each chapter are individual chapters, but there are also parts that consider the connection with other chapters. The CRI, which develops the FDP for the first decommissioning project in Korea, has spent a lot of time and effort considering this and has been proceeding through trial and error until the present stage. Therefore, this study aims to explain the current status of FDP, a license document for domestic decommissioning projects, and the link between major input data in major chapters. It can be said that System, Structure, and Components (SSCs) subject to dismantling are considered as the scope of FDP. Chapters that perform estimations on these dismantling targets may include safety assessments, exposure dose assessments for workers and residents, and waste inventory assessments. Therefore, an important part of performing the estimation works is to consider the entire scope of decommissioning activities, and as a way, it can start from data based on the inventory data. After generating the inventory data, the waste treatment classification for the inventory is designated by reflecting the results of the characterization. In addition, for cost estimation, the cost of decommissioning project is predicted by inputting some data (i.e., UCF) such as work process, number of workers, and time required for each item with data reflected in quantity and characterization. After that, based on these inventory, characterization, and UCF data, accident scenarios and industrial safety evaluation are performed for the safety assessment. The worker exposure dose is estimated by considering the dose rate of the workspace with these data. In the case of the amount of waste, the final amount of waste is estimated by considering the factors of reduction and decontamination. In summary, the main estimation contents of FDP are evaluated by adding elements required for the purpose of each chapter from data combined with inventory, characterization, and UCF, so the contents of these chapters are based on the logic of considering the entire scope of decommissioning in common.

Korea has an agreement for cooperation with 31 countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and Japan. Under the agreement, the obligated items must be used for peaceful purposes, comply with nuclear non-proliferation and international safeguards, and obtain prior consent of shipment in case of enrichment, reprocessing, retransfer. Among them, the United States, Canada, and Australia have signed Administrative Arrangements of Cooperation Agreements (Supplementary Arrangements in Canada) for the international transfer and annual reports of obligated items. When operators submit an annual report, the government compiles and make the annual report based on the data. Ideally, the final report is submitted by the operator should be the national annual report, but in practice, discrepancies occur between sum of the operator’s and goverment’s. In order to resolve these problems and strengthen the linkage between exports contrpol and safeguards, our institute has begun the project to develop an ‘Obligation Tracking System for internationally controlled items (OTS)’. It is believed that obligated items which are unnecessarily included or omitted in annual report could be managed properly by developing OTS for life cycle of the items such as import, disposal/ termination or transfer to other countries. In case of nuclear material, especially, the characteristics of the facilities (e.g., bulk-handling facilities) must be considered and principles of fungibility, equivalence, and proportionality should be applied to materials. In order to computerize these procedures, we would like to propose to adopt the format of Code 10 for obligated item management. Code 10 is the form of the annex to the Korea-IAEA safeguards agreement which includes all records of inventory changes, import/export, and domestic movement of nuclear materials. It is expected to minimize discrepancies between operators’ annual reporting data and national annual reporting and further contribute to enhancing national trust and nuclear transparency.

청소년 시기는 급격한 변화를 겪는 시기이지만 동시에 잠재력과 역동성을 발휘할 수 있는 시기이다. 이 시기의 청소년 세대를 보다 능동적이고 상호의존적인 방식으로 신앙을 갖게 하고, 음악을 통해 복음을 표현하게 하며, 다른 친구들에게나 이어지는 세대에게 복음을 전하는 선교적 제자로 세우는 것은 중요한 청소년 선교사역이다. 그래 서 본 연구의 목적은 청소년 세대를 다음 세대로 보는 것을 넘어서 ‘이음세대’로 세울 뿐 아니라, 수동적인 세대가 아닌 선교적 제자도를 갖춘 세대로 세울 수 있음을 논증하는 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 다음과 같은 선교적 의미를 얻게 되었다. 첫째, 청소년 세대를 이음세대 로 세움으로써 그들이 앞뒤 세대를 이어줄 수 있고, 교회로 세워지며, 하나님의 선교사역에 함께 참여하는 세대가 되게 하며 선교적 제자로 세울 수 있다. 둘째, 음악이라는 구술 커뮤니케이션 수단은 청소년세대와 복음으로 소통할 수 있는 좋은 선교적 도구이다. 특히 여러 음악 장르 중 힙합을 통해 복음의 메시지를 표현하는 가수 비와이의 사례를 살펴봄으로써 힙합이 청소년 세대에게 매력적일 뿐 아니라 스스로 자신의 신앙을 표현하고 다른 이들과도 소통할 수 있는 중요한 선교적 도구이다.

In the case of decommissioning nuclear facilities in Korea, the dismantling activities will be initiated after obtaining approval from the regulatory agency for the Final Decommissioning Plan (FDP). The contents to be described in the FDP are presented in the notice of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, and among them, it is suggested to estimate and provide the basis for the decommissioning cost. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is used for schedule management for the project, and the performance activities can be used as a cost management structure as well as schedule management. In order to easily manage the process and cost, the WBS structure can be normally used, and at this time, there might be a connection with ISDC if necessary. Therefore, this study aims to examine the link between activities from the WBS structure to ISDC in the decommissioning project. In general, the activities assumed as a WBS structure in this study in carrying out the decommissioning project were derived at the Level 1 and Level 2. Activities at Level 1 can be classified into project management costs, controlled area dismantling, conventional area dismantling, site remediation, waste treatment facility, construction/service, R&D, waste treatment and disposal, and characterization. For Level 2 activities, a cost activities embodied in Level 1 was derived. ISDC was developed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) decommissioning cost estimation group, which improves ambiguous cost systems and presents common cost items for direct comparison between international decommissioning projects. The ISDC consists of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3, where Level 1 represents the principal activity, Level 2 represents the activity group, and Level 3 represents the typical activity. The cost categories for typical activity at Level 3 consist of labour, investment, expenses, and contingency. In this study, the connection between WBS and ISDC was shown, and a comparison was made at Level 2. Directly, one-on-one matches have difficulties, and as much as possible, they were organized into similar items. We arranged the Level 2 linked to ISDC based on WBS. If there is a difficulty in one-on-one matches, it seems that the accurate cost calculation of ISDC items should consider the impact of additional cost distribution. Therefore, in order to calculate ISDC costs, it seems necessary to organize cost items of WBS in consideration of the ISDC.

This paper presents a 1-DOF robot for hand rehabilitation exercises for hemiplegic patients. The robot provides the cylindrical grasp movement, which is one of the dominant Activities of Daily Living. Linkage Sliding Mechanism allows the proposed robot to be a simple and lightweight structure. Motion test for the healthy subjects are carried out to verify the performance of the robot. Consequently, it was confirmed that the proposed robot was suitable for performing hand rehabilitation treatment.

The correlation between accident management plan and radiation emergency plan of Shin-Kori Units 3 and 4 was compared and analyzed from the point of view of the adequacy of facilities, equipments, organization and manpower which are necessary for the related emergency response. It was found the equipment of accident management plan and emergency response facility of radiation emergency plan had different technical contents and scope of application, so there was no risk of mutual conflict and overlapping functions. However, since the accident impact assessment code in accident management plan and computer program of radiation emergency plan were different, it was necessary to ensure the agreement or linkage of the evaluation between them. When a radiation emergency is issued in accident management plan, the composition and mission of the accident response organization were mostly consistent with the contents of the radiation emergency plan, but some corrections and improvement items were identified. Accident management plan specified that the disaster response safety center belonged to the emergency operations facility (EOF), but the radiation emergency plan did not mention it at all. The main tasks of disaster response safety center were the movement, arrangement and connection of mobile emergency response facilities, on-site construction of other emergency response facilities, and on-site road restoration. According to the accident management plan, the movement, arrangement, and connection of mobile facilities (i.e., mobile generators, mobile pumps, multi-purpose communication relay facilities), which were considered very important for the prevention and mitigation of serious accidents, were under the supervision of the disaster response safety center. It was stipulated that the operation was carried out with the cooperation of a regular emergency organization, and that the start, operation and stop of mobile equipments were to be performed under the supervision of the emergency operation team supported by the regular emergency organization. Since this organization structure and assignment of duties could not be confirmed in radiation emergency plan, it was necessary to revise and improve the radiation emergency plan for the successful operation of mobile equipments and to link them with the accident management plan.

This paper presents the kinematic analysis and design of a three-point hitch mechanism used in agriculture tractors. Connecting the agricultural implement to the tractors allows for various motions of the agricultural implements by the force from the tractor. First, a three-point hitch mechanism is modeled as multiloop planar rigid body guidance mechanisms for two major motions: the lift and the pitch motions of the agricultural implement. The displacement matrix and the design equations for Upper and Lower links are applied to determine the hitch points using a numerical method. Then, the resulting implement movements are determined in terms of the lifting parameters for the two major motions of the vertical and pitching displacement. Finally, the design process is provided to determine the dimensions of the mechanism. This should satisfy the requirements of the ISO Standards for Agricultural wheeled tractors: rear-mounted three-point linkage: Categories 1N, 1, 2, 3N, 3, 4N and 4[1].

의약품 허가-특허연계제도는 의약품의 허가 심사 절차에서 오리지널 의약품에 대한 특허권 침해 여부를 고려하는 단계를 둠으로써 특허권을 보다 적극적으로 보호하려는 제도이다. 신약 특허 권자에 대한 강력한 보호를 통해 신약의 연구 개발을 장려하고, 제네릭 의약품 제조사는 특허 존속기간 중 신약의 안전성⋅유효성 자료를 자유롭게 이용하도록 함으로써 특허 만료 후 제네릭의 약품의 신속한 도입을 유인하는 친경쟁적 효과를 기대하며 도입되었다. 본 논문은 의약품 허가-특허연계제도가 본래의 목적에 맞게 운용되는지 여부를 평가하고, 현 제도의 한계를 살펴본 후 개선방안을 강구하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 우선 한국 의약품 허가 -특허연계제도의 기조가 된 미국의 Hatch-Waxman법(해치-왁스만법)의 도입 배경과 제정 및 개정 연혁을 살펴본 후, 바이오의약품에 대해 적용되는 BPCIA(바이오의약품 가격 경쟁 및 혁신법)의 주요 규정과 특징을 검토하였다. 이후 한국의 의약품 허가-특허연계제도가 도입된 배경과 도입 시 논란 등을 살펴보고, 약사법에 규정된 본 제도의 주요 조항과 특징을 파악하였다. 이어 의약품 허가-특허연계제도와 관련 있는 미국의 Hatch-Waxman법에 따른 소송, BPCIA 해석에 대한 대법원 판례와 이하 주요 규정과 관련한 소송 등을 살펴본 후, 한국의 특허침 해소송 및 심판을 검토하였다. 마지막으로, 현재 운영되고 있는 우리 의약품 허가-특허연계제도가 도입된 약사법 규정의 한계를 살펴보고 부족한 점을 보완할 개선방안을 강구하고자 하였다. 구체적으로, 바이오의약품에 대한 예외 적용과 판 매금지 및 우선판매품목허가 규정에 대한 개선안을 제안하였다. 제네릭 제약사와 바이오시밀러 제약사가 주를 이루는 국내 제약업계 상황을 고려할 때, 의약품 허가-특허연계제도의 장점을 충분히 살려 신약 의 연구 개발 및 기술 혁신을 장려하면서도, 후발 의약품 신청자가 적극적으로 신약의 특허에 도전 하게 하고, 후발의약품의 시장 진입을 앞당겨, 환자에 대한 의약품 접근성을 높이고 의료비 절감을 추진할 수 있도록 약사법의 관련 조항들을 수정 및 보완하여야 할 것이다.

최고경영자에 대한 승계계획은 인력계획의 중요한 영역 중 하나로 연구자들로부터 많은 관심을 받아 왔으며, 선행연구들은 승계계획이 기업의 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구는 기업의 다양한 성과 차원 중 특히 혁신성과에 초점을 맞추어 승계계획이 혁신성과와 어떠한 관계를 갖는지를 설명하고, 나아가 한국직업능력개발원의 인적자본기업패널 데이터를 활용하여 제시된 모형을 실증적으로 검증해보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 기업의 승계계획은 조직의 혁신변화와 유의한 긍정적 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 이러한 관계에서 조직신뢰와 인력계획-경영전략 연계성이 유의한 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 승계계획은 조직운영에 대한 구성원의 신뢰를 높이고 이러한 조직 신뢰가 승계계획과 조직의 혁신변화의 관계를 매개하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 승계계획을 통한 안정적이고 예측 가능한 인력운용은 인력계획과 경영전략과의 연계성을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 인력계획과 경영전략의 연계성 강화 역시 승계계획과 조직 혁신변화의 관계를 매개하는 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 승계계획이 현재의 기업성과뿐만 아니라 기업의 지속적 성장과 발전 에도 중요한 의미를 가질 수 있음을 보여준다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the performance-linked marketing of food companies on the satisfaction and willingness of the companies that purchase products. To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on consumers who were using domestic coffee franchises. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and only 291 were finally used for analysis, except for eight ones that were not sincere or valid. Performance-linked marketing consisted of promotional factors, support factors, production factors, and mouth-to-mouth factors, and the purchasing company’s satisfaction and willingness to purchase products consisted of a single factor. A linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 to verify the hypothesis. The research results show that (1) marketing linked to the performance by coffee shops has a significant impact on consumers’ willingness to purchase. (2) The marketing performance for coffee shops has a significant positive impact on the satisfaction of the purchasing company. (3) The consumer’s intention to purchase has a significant positive effect on the purchaser’s satisfaction. These findings confirm the importance of concert-linked marketing in the differentiated marketing by restaurant businesses.

The wastegate valve regulates the maximum boost pressure inside the turbocharger to prevent damage to the engine and turbocharger which can occur from overload. However, even though the opening and closing behaviors of the valve should be controlled accurately, thermal deformations of the turbocharger system can lead to excessive distortion of the actuator rod, which can have a significant effect on the turbocharger performance. In this study, thermal deformation analysis of the turbocharger assembly has been analyzed through finite element analysis under operation condition. The result shows that the deformation in the turbine housing is relatively large and actuator rod is bent by thermal load. It causes rotational deformation at the wastegate valve face connected to the rod. And it is efficient to increase the stiffness of the EWGA rod to minimize the rotational deformation of the valve face. It means that the actuator rod should be placed in a position close to the center of the turbocharger to minimize the length of the rod that has the greatest effect on stiffness enhancement.

다른 장르의 게임에 비해 포커는 게이머의 심리적 요소가 많은 영향을 끼친다. 본 논문에서는 CNN과 SVM을 기반으로 온라인 포커 게임에 게이머와 아바타 간의 감성연결을 실현하기 위한 새로운 감성 인식방법을 제안한다. CNN모델을 이용하여 원래 얼굴 이미지의 특징을 추출하고, 다중 클래스 SVM분류기를 사용하여 목표 이미지를 인식하고 분류한다. FER-2013데이터베이스에서 이 방법은 감성인식률 68.79 %를 달성하였다. 기존의 다른 감성 인식 모델과 비교하면, 이 모델은 뚜렷한 장점을 보일 수 있다. 본 게임은 Socket 통신방식을 통해 감성인식결과를 Seven Poker로 전송하여 아바타가 게이머와 같은 감성을 표현하도록 설계하였다. 온라인 포커 게임에 감성연결 기술을 이용하면 게임과 인간의 상호작용이 향상될 뿐 아니라 게이머가 상대방의 심리적인 활동을 효과적으로 분석할 수 있다. 감성연결 기술은 게임에서 게이머들에게 새로운 게임 경험을 제공할 수 있는 기술이라고 생각된다.