The study on the efficiency improvement of qualification procedures for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites analyzed the differences between the European ECSS and the American NASA standards. ECSS allows flexible test tailoring to accommodate project-specific requirements, whereas NASA enforces strict standardized procedures to ensure high reliability. Additionally, ECSS prioritizes cost efficiency, while NASA emphasizes reliability. In terms of application scope, NASA focuses on private-sector collaborations, whereas ECSS is centered on cooperative projects within Europe. Based on this comparative analysis, this study proposes a qualification framework for Korean LEO satellites, categorizing 18 qualification test items into mandatory and optional groups. This approach is expected to enhance the reliability, performance, and stability of satellite systems. Therefore, the proposed Korean qualification test sequence should be implemented and incorporated into national defense standards. This will strengthen the systematic structure of the qualification process while maximizing efficiency in terms of testing time and cost.

Non-human primates, due to their high genetic similarity to humans, are used as laboratory animals in biotechnology researches. The growing demand has recently led to a shortage of primate resources, which has become a significant issue both domestically and internationally. This shortage has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the importance of resource conservation through effective primate management is increasing. This requires the establishment of proper quarantine procedures and infectious disease control. Quarantine is an important process that protects not only animal health but also public health significance. Non-human primate quarantine procedures were organized in order. We compared the differences in quarantine procedures not only in Korea but also in various countries such as the US, EU, and Australia. In addition, the etiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods of representative infectious diseases of quarantine concern (tuberculosis, monkeypox, monkey immunodeficiency virus, salmonellosis, and shigellosis) were summarized. A literature review of nonhuman primate quarantine procedures in other countries revealed minimal differences in the basic structure. The quarantine periods were similar around 30 days, but we found some differences in details such as legal requirements, documentation forms, and quarantine authorities. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of strategies for improving methods to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and enhancing quarantine management methods.

중재 시술의 발전으로, 노출된 방사선으로 인한 의료 방사선 중재 시술자에 미치는 건강 위협이 증대됨에 따라 시술 중 방사선 노출을 최소화하기 위한 관심과 노력이 요구되고 있다. 이에 대한췌장담도학회에서는 투시 장비를 이용한 중재 시술 중 의료 방사선 중재 시술자에게 미치는 방사선 노출을 최소화하기 위한 권고안을 개발하였다. 본 권고안은 방사선 차폐, 방사선 투시기와 방사선량의 관리, 방사선 노출 선량 한도 및 감시, 임신과 출산 총 4가지 분야로 나누어 중재 시술자에게 방사선 노출의 위험을 이해하기 위한 지식을 전달하고 실질적으로 수행해야 하는 권고사항을 명확히 제시하여 불필요한 방사선 노출을 피하기 위한 실용적인 접근이 가능하도록 구성되었다. 본 권고안을 통해 의료 방사선 중재시술자의 방사선 노출을 최소화하여 안전하고 효과적인 중재 시술이 이루어질 수 있기를 기대한다.

담보권신탁에서 위탁자(즉 채무자)의 파산절차상 별제권 또는 회생절차상 회 생담보권의 행사는 어떻게 이루어지는가? 이 문제는 담보권신탁제도의 핵심 문제 중 하나다. 그러나 신탁법과 채무자회생법은 침묵하고 있다. 특히 파산절 차 또는 회생절차에서는 다수의 채권자 및 담보권자 등의 이해관계가 첨예하 게 대립한다는 것을 고려하면 신탁법 또는 채무자회생법을 통한 입법적 해결 이 요구된다. 이 글에서는 다음과 같은 입법론적 제안을 시도하고 있다. 즉 당 사자의 합의 또는 다른 법률의 규정이 없는 한, 위탁자의 파산절차 또는 회생 절차에서 수탁자는 채권자(즉 수익자)의 피담보채권을 대리할 권한이 있으며 이에 기초하여 별제권 또는 회생담보권을 행사할 수 있다. 이러한 결론을 뒷받 침하는 논거는 각각 채무자회생법의 측면, 담보물권의 부종성 측면, 그리고 신 탁관계 측면에서 구할 수 있을 것이다. 요컨대 이 글의 목적은 담보권신탁에서 이산가족이 된 담보권과 피담보채권을 법리적으로 무리없이 파산절차나 회생 절차에서 상봉할 수 있도록 도와주는 방안을 모색하는데 있다.

본 연구는 도로터널, 철도터널, 지하철, 전력구 등 각종 터널 시공을 위한 TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) 기술의 시공성 향상을 위한 연속굴착형 TBM 장비와 나선형 세그먼트 통합 시공기술 개발 및 실증과 관련된 것으로 핵심모듈인 추진잭, 세그먼트 이렉터의 선제적인 유지관리를 통해 다운타임 을 최소화하고 굴진율을 안정적으로 확보하기 위한 연속굴착형 TBM 핵심모듈의 유지관리 및 장애대 응 기술에 대한 연구를 수행하였으며, 굴착환경과 연속굴착 운영특성을 고려한 시공 및 장비 운용 절 차를 정의하였다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to propose drone-command standard operating procedure (SOP) guidelines and Analyze their potential application to increase the use and utility of drones in urban disaster situations. Although the effectiveness and efficiency of obtaining disaster-situation information through drones have been verified by previous studies and practical experience, a survey of actual drone usability indicated a utilization rate of only approximately 4.13%. METHODS : To provide guidance for improving drone command SOPs, prior research and relevant literature were reviewed to identify commonalities between disaster-response command and control and drone use. A sample of 73 active-duty firefighters, including incident commanders (ICs) and drone pilots, were surveyed and interviewed. The data were analyzed and categorized to establish the reasons why drones are not actively used in urban disaster-response procedures. RESULTS : The primary reasons identified for not actively utilizing drones in urban disaster areas were the lack of a drone command and control system and the lack of clear criteria for when to use drones in disaster situations. In addition, many problems were found in drone-operation procedures, including emergency flight approval, securing takeoff and landing sites, and accident burden due to urban flight obstacles. To address the issues identified, standards were proposed for the type, size, and scope of urban disasters requiring drone response; for accident-prevention on basic missions and through flight safety procedures; and for installing a video transmission and reception system to easily share drone video information with ICs. CONCLUSIONS : Application of the drone-command SOP guidelines to actual urban disaster situations by disaster type will help to improve the efficiency of information acquisition and flight safety. This is expected to enable increased drone utilization. In future, extension of the research reported in this paper beyond the Seoul metropolitan area via additional follow-up studies has the potential to establish applicability of the proposed SOP guidelines to a wide variety of environments and organizational characteristics.

The 4th Industrial Revolution and the continuous development of Science and Technology have also required a speedy business promotion method in the defense industry. Advanced countries including the United States are already boldly innovating the existing high-cost and long-term acquisition system with the highest priority in weapons development to cope with the military rise of Russia and China. The Ministry of National Defense and the Defense Acquisition Program Administration have also recently introduced a quick acquisition system and are applying it to business promotion. In addition, some small-scale projects and weapons systems are being reorganized so that they can be managed by the units demanding them. After an organizational diagnosis of the Project Acquisition Group by the Ministry of National Defense in 2020, it has been reassigned as a subordinate unit of the Army Logistics Command from a direct unit managed by the Army HQ. As a result, problems such as work conflict or redundancy have been identified. In addition, a system has been implemented to shorten the acquisition period by applying a rapid acquisition program in the field of weapons systems by benchmarking the rapid acquisition program of advanced countries. The force support system project process will also need to introduce such a quick acquisition system. In addition, the Ministry of National Defense is considering ways to delegate some weapon systems to each military, which will then carry out tasks ranging from requirements determination to project management. Accordingly, it is now time to expand the organization for the management of the Army's weapons system acquisition project. Therefore, in this paper, the Army Project Acquisition Group was analyzed on its organization, acquisition procedures, and cooperation systems, with presentations of development plans for each field.

In this research, a new Test and Evaluation (T&E) procedure for defense AI systems is proposed to fill the existing gap in established methodologies. This proposed concept incorporates a data-based performance evaluation, allowing for independent assessment of AI model efficacy. It then follows with an on-site T&E using the actual AI system. The performance evaluation approach adopts the project promotion framework from the defense acquisition system, outlining 10 steps for R&D projects and 9 steps for procurement projects. This procedure was crafted after examining AI system testing standards and guidelines from both domestic and international civilian sectors. The validity of each step in the procedure was confirmed using real-world data. This study's findings aim to offer insightful guidance in defense T&E, particularly in developing robust T&E procedures for defense AI systems.

This study is to propose ways to improve the system for rational procedures for offshore wind power generation projects. The results of this study are summarized as follows. In order to quickly distribute and develop offshore wind power projects, the permitting period should be shortened through special laws, the government actively intervenes to support the formation and operation of privat-public councils to ensure residents' acceptance. In this way, it can be competitive in the future energy market. Above all, a special law (proposal) related to offshore wind power currently pending in the National Assembly should be passed as soon as possible. Finally, the government and local governments that manage public waters should provide active administrative support based on system improvement measures in consideration of these permits, and the project’s main body should minimize damage to the marine environment and ecosystem. Through these subject-specific roles, offshore wind power generation will be able to reduce carbon emissions and help establish a sustainable energy production system.

Patient-controlled sedation systems, in which the patient has control of sedative administration, have been shown to be effective and safe for patients undergoing minor procedures. Safety depends on the adequacy of the step-wise increase in dose of the sedative, the lockout time and patient’s ability to adjust the effective activation of the handset. While there is no patient-controlled sedation (PCS) system available domestically, we have developed a new purpose-built PCS pump, and determined its degree of precision using a microweight measuring scale. The PCS system was designed to be applied to most intravenous sedatives and work through a newly developed operating software algorithm that titrates the doses and lockout times. Our system titrates the doses through software modification, and for experimental purposes, the number of steps for handset activation by the patient was set to four, and the lockout time was set to 30 s. The degree of precision of the PCS system was tested using an electronic weighing scale. The comparison of the amount infused via the PCS system with weight on the scale showed nearly same patterns at the four infusion stages, and the difference was minimal (3% on average at each infusion step). We designed and manufactured a pilot button-type PCS pump capable of use by the patient for optimal sedation, and confirmed the precise working mechanism of the pump, thereby reducing the margin of error for infusion accuracy to 3% or less on average

최저임금은 근로자가 인간다운 삶을 영위하기 위한 최소한의 임금을 말하며, 인간다운 삶이란 기본적인 의·식·주를 누리는 것 외에 사회적·문화적 활동을 영위하는 것도 포함한다. 이러한 생활을 보장하기 위해서는 최소한의 임금이 보장되어야 하지만, 현실적으로 여러 이해당사자들 간의 충돌과 불평등으로 인 하여 최저임금을 보장받지 못하는 계층이 발생하게 되는 사회 현상이 발생하게 되었고, 이로 인하여 최저임금을 법으로 보장해야 한다는 사회적 요구가 발생 하게 되었다. 우리나라 헌법에서는 최저임금제도의 시행을 명시적으로 규정하 고 있으며, 최저임금법을 통해서 최저임금을 결정하도록 하고 있다. 이에 따라 일반근로자의 최저임금은 최저임금법을 근거로 하여 설치된 고용노동부 산하 최저임금위원회를 통해 심의 및 결정이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 최저임금법은 선원과 선원을 사용하는 선박의 소유자를 적용범위에 포함되지 않는다고 규정하고 있다. 이로 인해 선원의 최저임금은 선원법을 근 거로 하여 매년 고시하고 있으나, 최저임금 결정을 위한 심의절차나 기준에 대 해서 구체적으로 규정하고 있지 않다. 선원최저임금이 해운산업 및 선원사회에 미치는 영향력이 커져가고 있음에 따라 객관성과 정당성을 담보할 수 있는 결 정절차의 마련이 시급하게 필요한 상황이다. 따라서 이 연구는 선원최저임금 결정절차와 관련된 문제점을 검토하고, 선원 법의 개선방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 최저임금법상 최저 임금제도와 선원법상 최저임금제도를 비교ㆍ분석하였으며, 주요 문제점을 검토 하였다. 또한 선원최저임금 결정을 위한 정책ㆍ입법적 개선방안을 제시하였다.

췌담도 질환에서 내시경 초음파 유도하 경벽 배액술은 췌장주위 액체고임과 담낭, 담도, 췌관 등의 배액이 필요한 다양한 상황에서 기존의 침습적인 치료를 대체할 수 있는 효과적인 치료로서 적응증을 넓혀가고 있다. 최근 내시경 초음파 유도하 경벽 배액술에 특화된 다양한 스텐트가 개발되면서 보다 효과적이고 안전한 시술이 가능해졌다. 본고에서는 내시경 초음파 유도하 경벽 배액술을 위해 개발된 다양한 스텐트들의 특징과 치료 성적에 대해 고찰하였다.

본 연구는 스마트 자율운항선박(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship, MASS) 기술 개발 및 실증을 위한 산학 과제로서 목포해양 대학교와 삼성중공업이 함께 참여한 연구가 안전하게 실시되어 질수 있도록 안전관리 절차서를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내 및 국 제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, IMO)의 관련 가이드라인 및 해사 관련법 검토를 거쳐 안전관리 절차서를 개발하였다. 안전관리 절차서는 자율운항선박의 관련 해당 당국과 이해관계자들이 시스템 및 기반 시설에서 시험의 안전 및 환경 보호와 관련하여 적절하게 실시하기 위하여 국제해사기구에서 제시한 자율운항선박 시험을 위한 지침(MSC.1/Circ.1604, Annex : Interim guidelines for MASS trials)의 의거하여 개발 하였다. 개발된 안전관리 절차서는 당직체제로 운항 중인 선박에 항해보조기기로 탑재한 자율운항요소기술을 적용한 시스템의 해상 실증 시험을 위하여, 대한민국 연안의 해양환경보호와 항행 안전을 준수하면서, 관련 시스템의 시험이 안전하고 안정적으로 수행할 수 있도록 개발되었다.