The global warming related to GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions from industries is a major issue globally. Furthermore, GHG emissions from the fishery industries also represent an important issue, as indicated by "The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries" at the Cancun, Mexico, meeting in 1992 and by the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Korea pronounced itself to be a voluntary exclusion management country at the 16th IPCC at Cancun, Mexico, in 2010. However, few analyses of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries have been performed. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the major Korean fisheries is needed before guidelines for reducing GHG emissions from the fishing industry can be established. The aim of this study was to assess the present GHG emissions from the Korean Purse seine fishery using the LCA (life cycle assessment) method. The system boundary and allocation method were defined for the LCA analysis. The fuel consumption factor of the purse seine fishery was also calculated. The GHG emissions for the edible fish were evaluated by determining the weights of whole fish and gutted fish. Finally, the GHG emissions required to produce 1kg of whole fish and 1kg of edible fish were deduced. The results will help determine the GHG emissions from the fishery. They will also be helpful to stakeholders and the government in understanding the circumstances involved in GHG emissions from the fishing industry.

Uncovering enzyme (UCE), encoded by the human NAGPA, is a trans-Golgi enzyme that adds the mannose-6- phosphate recognition tag on lysosomal enzymes destined for the lysosome. Mutations in NAGPA are known to cause stuttering, a common speech disorder with unknown etiology. The human NAGPA gene is transcribed into two different forms, probably due to alternative splicing. One of them, known as a brain isoform, is lacking exon 8 (102-bp). We performed quantitative real-time PCR for the NAGPA brain and non-brain isoforms in a cDNA panel originating from 16 human tissues and 24 sub-brain regions. According to our findings, the relative quantity of the NAGPA brain isoform in the brain was 4.7 times more than that in the control cDNA, a pooled mixture of equal amounts of cDNAs from the 16 different tissues. Further analysis using the cDNA panel originating from 24 different sub-brain regions revealed that the cerebral cortex contained the largest amount of NAGPA brain isoform. Relative quantity in the cerebral cortex was 8.6 times more than that in the control cDNA (P=0.00004). The lowest quantity of this isoform was detected in cDNA from the pituitary gland. In conclusion, findings of the current study suggest that the cerebral cortex, expressing the highest quantity of the NAGPA brain isoform, might be the region associated with speech function.

This study aims at building database of Chinese character by using an open source statistical software “R”, and simulating the historical change of pronunciation of Chinese character by using “R”. “R” has becoming a more and more popular statisticsal software. It is good at statistical analysis and visualizing data. The paper is going to discuss the following two issues: 1. How to use “R” to build relational database for Chinese character to solve the difficulty in building database in 2-way contingency table due to the irregular mapping of sound and meaning of the polyphonic and polysemous Chinese character. 2. How to use “R” to analyze Chinese to develop pronunciation rule of Chinese character to solve the argument on "correct pronunciation" in Hong Kong. Quantitative analysis of Chinese character is one of founding stones of researching and teaching Chinese character. How to establish such discipline will also be discussed in this study.

본 연구는 음식점을 대상으로 QMRA의 개념을 적용한 HACCP 전산프로그램을 개발하고 이를 음식점내의 HACCP에 준한 위생관리 수단으로 이용, 최종 음식의 미생물 오염 수준을 예측하여 배식되는 음식의 미생물적 안전성을 확보하여 식중독 사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. QMRA-HACCP 전산프로그램의 개발을 위하여 메뉴를 그룹화하고, 위해분석, 중요관리점의 설정, 관리기준 설정, 모니터링 방법의 설정, 수정조치의 확립 및 기록유지시스템의 확립과 같은 HACCP의 기본적인 7원칙에 의거하여 HACCP 플랜을 개발하였다. 본 QMRA-HACCP 전산프로그램은 일일점검 작업 DB, 정기정검 DB, DAQ DB 및 Rule DB 등 데이터베이스 파일을 보유하여 최종 음식의 미생물 오염 수준을 예측할 수 있으며, 데이터베이스 파일은 수정·보완할 수 있다. 또한 MS Excel의 DB 관리 능력과 MS VBA(Visual Basic Application)을 이용한 프로그램으로 Window에서 사용자가 쉽고 편리하게 이용할 수 있도록 고안되었으며, 가시적인 관리가 수월하다. 모델 음식점을 통하여 선정된 9가지 메뉴에 대하여 개발된 QMRAHACCP 전산프로그램을 이용, 최종 제품의 미생물 오염 수준을 추정하였으며, 추정된 결과를 바탕으로 민감도 분석과 시나리오 분석을 통하여 중요관리점 및 CL을 선정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 제시된 Generic HACCP 모델은 일반적인 음식점에서 사용할 수 있도록 비교적 간단하게 계획되어 있으므로 실제 음식점에서 일어날 수 있는 모든 위해를 통제할 수는 없다. 그러므로 각 음식점의 작업 현실에 맞도록 재구성하여 적용하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다. 또한 개발된 QMRA-HACCP 전산 프로그램을 다양한 음식에 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하는 후속 연구 및 표준레시피 데이터 화일의 지속적인 보완이 필요하겠으며, 다른 음식점에서 QMRA-HACCP 전산프로그램을 이용하여 위생관리를 수행하고, 동시에 미생물적 평가를 병행하여 각 결과간의 상관성을 규명하여 개발된 프로그램의 효율성과 정확성을 재확인하는 연구가 실행되어야 할 것이다.

The research shows misuse cases of quantitative regression analysis used in QC circle activity and six sigma movement which presents guidelines of correct use for quality practitioners. Additionally, the qualitative regression analysis that responses nonconforming ratio of variable y, is reviewed based on misuse cases for proper use by practitioners in the field. In most cases, there are frequent errors that involve the correlation analysis or ANOVA, regardless of using quantitative regression analysis. In addition, qualitative regression analysis for the nonconforming ratio that has dependent variable of discrete and categorical data, is often applied with quantitative regression and result in ineffective quality improvement.

Green strength is an important property of powders since high green strength guarantees easy and safe handling before sintering. The green strength of a powder compact is related to mainly mechanical and surface characters, governed by interlocking of the particles. In this study, the effect of powder surface roughness on the green strength of iron powders was investigated using a transverse rupture test. Three-dimensional laser profiler was employed for quantitative analyses of the surface roughness. Two different surface conditions, i.e. surface roughness, of powders were compared. The powders having rough surfaces show higher green strength than the round surface powders since higher roughness leads increasing interlocked area between the contacting powders.

Rice has been the most important staple food in everyday meals of Korean people for thousands of years. Nowadays, it is getting increasingly used as flour ingredients in a variety of processed foods, so that it is consumed in more diversified ways. As a consequence, production volume of rice flour to manufacture rice cakes, noodles,breads, or confectioneries is recently getting increased in Korea. But there are not sufficient research outcomes to guarantee Korean consumers microbiological qualities of rice flour as well as rice. As a preliminary experiment,therefore, the microbiological profiles (aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), spore-forming aerobic bacteria (SAB),lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and molds (YM), and Escherichia coli and coliforms) have been monitored for nine retailed white rice samples in this study. AMB counts ranged 10² - 10^6CFU/g for all the nine white rice samples. All the nine rice samples have SAB counts within a narrow range (1.0 × 10²- 2.5 × 10³CFU/g). LAB was detected in two white rice samples (4.0 × 10² and 3.7 × 10³ CFU/g). YM was detected in one white rice sample (2.0 × 10² CFU/g)only. E. coli was not detected from all the nine samples. Coliforms were detected in one white rice sample (4.1 × 10CFU/g) only. All the rice samples were conclusively considered to have various microorganisms, though most of them are harmless and some, such as coliforms, may be harmful.

본 연구는 1975년부터 2006년까지 서울시 녹지 연결망의 시계열 변화를 그래프 이론을 적용하여 공간의 다중규모(multi-scale)에서 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석대상 시기 동안, 서울시 녹지 연결망의 변화가 크게 나타난 공간 규모는 녹지 간 1,000 ~ 1,600 m 거리였다. 1990년 이후 난개발로 단편화되고 훼손되었던 녹지들과 연결망이 점차 복원되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 2006년 개별 녹지의 연결망 분석을 통해, 핵심 녹지와 징검다리 녹지의 두 가지 유형의 녹지 연결망 분포를 확인하였다. 서울시 녹지 분포는 연결성 중요도 지수와 상관관계가 높아서, 남쪽과 북쪽의 가장자리에 핵심 녹지가 분포하고 동쪽, 서쪽, 중앙에 매개 중심성이 높은 징검다리 녹지가 분포함을 정량적으로 표현할 수 있었다. 따라서 서울시 녹지 연결망은 그래프 이론을 적용하여 연결 중심성, 매개 중심성, 연결 중요도 지수 등으로 정량적으로 표현될 수 있다.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 스노즐렌 치료 적용이 발달장애 아동의 문제행동 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 이들 결과를 신경 생리적으로 검증하기 위해 뇌파의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구의 대상은 2명의 발달장애 아동이었고, 연구 설계에는 개별사례 실험 연구 중 ABA 설계를 사용하였다. 실험의 절차는 기초선(A1)에서의 2회기, 치료과정(B)에서의 8회기, 치료추적(A2)조사에서의 2회기로 모두 12회기로 이루어졌다. 치료는 스노즐렌 치료실에서 30분 동안 비지시적인 아동중심치료접근법으로 각 아동에게 제공했다. 종속변수인 문제행동검사(CBCL)는 치료전과 후에 각 1씩 실시하였고, 뇌파 측정은 연구의 전 과정동안 매 회기마다 이루어졌다. 뇌파 자료는 파워 스펙트럼 분석을 통해 정량적으로 분석하였는데, 결과의 분석을 위해 상대뇌파(쎄타파, 알파파, 베타파, 감마파) 값을 선택하였다. 결과 : 연구 결과, 문제행동검사의 전체 점수는 스노즐렌 치료 후 두 아동 모두 감소함을 보여 스노즐렌 치료의 긍정적인 행동변화 효과를 알 수 있었다. 뇌파 변화의 결과에서는 상대뇌파 분석에서 대상자들 모두가 쎄타파의 감소와 알파파의 증가를 보였고, 대상자2는 이와 함께 감마파의 큰 감소를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 스노즐렌 치료 적용이 발달장애 아동의 문제행동과 뇌파 변화에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 발달장애 아동의 문제행동 완화와 이에 관련된 뇌파 변화를 검증함으로써 스노즐렌 치료의 임상적 유용성을 확인하였다.

We measured the non-carbon content of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in SWCNT soot using thermogravimetric analysis. The weight increased percentage by the oxidation of metal in the raw soot is well obtained by TGA graph which was confirmed with ICP-AES, XRD, and XPS. This work will be very useful for the purity precise evaluation of SWCNT with UN-vis-NIR spectroscopy.

In this study, with the objects of 173 institutions of university and research institutions, investigation was carried out through visit investigation ar d questionnaire investigation. Frequency and severity of occurrences was acquired mainly through universities and research institutions which have reported occurrences of accidents to the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. Quantitative danger evaluation was conducted through frequency and strength of occurrences. Case study was carried out by selecting bio science laboratory of university and as the result of this study, degree of danger among the inspection objects of bio science laboratories, laboratory work place was evaluated as the most dangerous with the scores of 155.00 and as the result of average danger level, compression gas cylinder was evaluated as the most dangerous with the scores of 6.4000.

In this study, with the objects of 173 institutions of university and research institutions, investigation was carried out through visit investigation and questionnaire investigation. Frequency and strength of occurrences was acquired mainly through universities and research institutions which have reported occurrences of accidents to the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. Quantitative danger evaluation was conducted through frequency and strength of occurrences. Case study was carried out by selecting bio science laboratory of university and as the result of this study, degree of danger among the inspection objects of bio science laboratories, laboratory work place was evaluated as the most dangerous with the scores of 155.00 and as the result of average danger level, compression gas cylinder was evaluated as the most dangerous with the scores of 6.4000.

The likelihood of failure for the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of caustic cracking, which affect to a risk of facilities, was analyzed through the risk based-inspection using API-581 BRD. We found that SCC of the caustic cracking was occurred above 5 % NaOH concentration, and the technical module subfactor (TMSF) was maximized for above 50 % concentration. The heat traced and monitoring were not sensitive to the TMSF with NaOH concentration and temperature. But the steam out was more of less affect minimum value of the TMSF. Also, the inspection number, the inspection effectiveness, and the year since inspection were very sensitive to the TMSF with NaOH concentration and temperature. Therefore, the plan of next inspection will be established with compositively considering those at once.