This study examined the relevance of impact factors using survey data, standardized mortality rates, and medical utilization rates of study subjects in the Namhae and Hadong regions. The study subjects were found to have lived in the area for more than 20 years, and in terms of lifestyle, they did not smoke, but the rate of drinking was high and showed little exercise. As a result of analysis through logistic regression analysis, it was found that angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and anemia were affected by exercise status, and allergic rhinitis disease showed significant results depending on the presence of smoking. The standardized mortality rate of men in chronic lower respiratory tract diseases in the Namhae and Hadong regions was higher than in the nation. In the case of allergic rhinitis, both men and women in Namhae were slightly lower than those in Nation, and in Hadong, both men and women were higher than in Nation.

본 연구는 산촌지역이 가장 많은 경상북도 도민들을 대상으로 하여 인구학적 특성별로 귀산촌 의향, 귀산촌 후 계획, 귀산촌 매력요인, 제약요인 등 귀산촌 인식 및 특성에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 구명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 귀산촌 의향에 대한 분석결과, 응답자의 33.0%가 귀산촌 의향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 성별과 연령에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 귀산촌 지역은 현 거주지와 동일 지역 내가 57.6%로 높았으며, 경상북도 내 29.2%로 주로 현 거주지와 인접한 산촌지역을 희망하는 것으로 나타났다. 귀산촌 후 하고 싶은 일은 거주+소규모 텃밭이 68.3%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 연령에서만 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 임업활동시 재배하고 싶은 임산물로는 수실류(28.7%), 버섯류(25.6%), 산나물류(25.1%) 등의 순 으로 높게 나타났으며 성별에 따라서만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 귀산촌 매력요인에 대한 분석결과 환경적 요인 50.7%, 개인적 요인이 47.2%로 높게 나타났으며, 이는 연령에 따라서만 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 귀산촌 제약요인에 대한 분석결과 도시에 비해 열악한 주거환경 과 의료·복지·교육 등 여건부족이 37.0%이상으로 높게 나타났으며, 성별, 연령, 결혼여부에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aims to evaluate the concentration of biomarkers for heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the residents living in the Gwangyang industrial complex to compare with residents in the residential area as a control. A total of 810 healthy adults participated in this study, and their urinary and blood samples were analyzed for metals, including As, Pb, Cd, or Hg, and VOC compounds. All study participants also completed questionnaire surveys to collect more detailed information on personal lifestyles, dietary and drinking habits, residential housings types, and their health conditions. The geometric means of urinary levels of Cd were 1.06 g/g creatinine for those living in the vicinity of Gwangyang industrial complex and 1.41 g/g creatinine for those in residential areas (p<0.05). Furthermore, urinary mean levels of Hg were 1.39 μg/g creatinine in the industrial area and 1.23 μg/g creatinine in the control area, respectively. The concentrations of individual VOCs in blood were significantly different between the two population groups. Therefore, urinary levels of Cd and Hg were significantly higher in the local residents compared to the Gwangyang industrial areas. A further study is needed to identify adverse health effects due to environmental exposures to heavy metals, VOCs, and other pollutants in the Gwangyang industrial complex areas in the future.

This study aims to establish a strategy for selling kimchi to satisfy the needs and wants of European consumers through survey, FGI, and IDI. All survey participants were Europeans and were selected on the basis of their kimchi awareness. For the quantitative survey, 246 participants 15 years or older were selected; for FGI, 33 participants aged between 20 and 49 were selected; and for IDI, eight chefs were selected. The survey included four steps of ‘Awareness-First try-Needs-Future consumption’. The participants got to know kimchi through the Internet; for example, by visiting Korea and Hallyu, and suggested positive comments, including ‘fancy’ and ‘exotic.’ While satisfaction with kimchi sharply decreased due to taste and appearance in the first try of kimchi, it is important to provide the best first-try experience. It also showed that important needs for kimchi are ‘hot sensation’ , ‘crunchiness’ and ‘presentation’. They gave a negative answer to combination with traditional cuisines of their own country, but provided positive comments for benchmarking the use of traditional pickled foods. This study suggests that it may be necessary to implement a two-track strategy by the traditional kimchi as a ‘strategic product’ and localized kimchi as a ‘key product’.

북한에 잔류한 주민, 북한이탈주민 모두 우리 법의 적용을 받는 수범 자로서 우리 헌법상 재산권의 주체이다. 현실적인 분단의 상황을 고려하 지 않을 수 없지만 북한 주민에 대하여 상속권을 인정하고 그 권리를 실 현할 수 있도록 하는 것이 우리 법의 기본적 방침이 되어야 함은 분명하다. 북한주민의 상속문제는 남북 간의 잠정적 특수관계를 인정하면서도 인도주의를 견지해야 하고, 남북체제를 서로 존중하는 기초 위에 남북주민을 평등하게 대우함을 원칙으로 하여야 할 것이다. 또한 북한주민에 대한 우리 입법의 태도는 사회통합과 갈등의 극복이라는 당면한 문제를 고려한 것이어야 한다. 남북 주민 사이의 가족관계와 상속 등에 관한 특례법 제11조에서의 상속회복청구권의 행사기간 문제에 있어서도 이러한 가치들이 반영되어야 한다. 남한 상속인의 기대이익이나 거래안전도 중요하겠으나 그보다 앞서 진정한 권리자인 북한주민의 상속회복의 필요성이 우선적으로 감안되어야 한다. 권리를 실현할 수 있는 현실적 가능성이 없는 분단의 상황에서 권리의 불행사만을 이유로 분명한 근거 없이 북한주민의 상속회복청 구를 금지해서는 안 된다. 이미 남북 주민 사이의 가족관계와 상속 등에 관한 특례법 제11조는 남한 상속인들의 이해 또는 거래안전을 보호하기 위해 가액반환청구의 방법이나 기여분의 고려 등을 특별히 규정하고 있 다. 이에 더 나아가서 상속권을 침해한 자에게 적극적 권리까지 부여할 이유는 크지 않아 보인다. 대법원 전원합의체판결의 다수의견보다는 반대의견의 타당성이 높아 보이는 이유이다. 다만 이에 대해서는 여러 문헌이 주장하는 것처럼 입법을 통한 조정이 시급할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the needs for environmental improvement and dementia patients' activity of daily living (ADL) and behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in dementia patients living in urban type dementia care villages. The subjects of this study were 70 households with cognitive impairment and dementia among residents of dementia care village in Gunsan City. The survey was conducted with the permission of their family. Frequency analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed on the main variables to analyze the characteristics of the subjects. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed to verify the relationship between the two variables. According to the analysis results, the order of environment improvement was in the order of entrance (51.4%), toilet and stairs (48.6%), kitchen (11.4%), bedroom and laundry room (10.0%). In the relationship between the variables, The ADL was correlated with age (r=.315, p <.01), BPSD (r=.322, p<.01) and living environment inconvenience (r=.640, p<.01) while, living environment inconvenience correlated with environment improvement need (r=.669, p<.01). This study suggests that improvement of the residential environment of dwellers in dementia care villages, especially the stairway and entrance hall is necessary.

The purpose of this study is to establish how community garden spaces should be used to restore communities engaged in village-rehabilitation projects. To achieve this purpose, we have analyzed the perceptions of local residents conducting a town-development project. The community reviewed the benefits of having a garden to improve the residents’ quality of life and comfort. Given the role of gardens in revitalizing communities, it is necessary to build spaces where residents can relax and enjoy community life. Those who participated in this study hoped that their community garden would provide shade and relaxation, a children’s play area, green spaces, and places for conversation. The space and facilities provided by community gardens vary, in accordance with the expectations and needs of each community. It is therefore inappropriate to apply uniform garden designs to all community gardens. Between 20% and 25% of a community garden should be allocated to each of the following: community space, ornamental space, and space for relaxation. As plants that provide shade and help to maintain the ecosystem are strongly preferred in community gardens, all plants should be chosen for their environmental benefits and functionality, rather than aesthetics. Residents may be willing to participate in a range of activities, including community events, the cultivation of plants, and garden management. Towns must therefore set up programs to support these activities. It is essential to continue studying and investigating the formation of community spaces and facilities, reflecting the characteristics of each community.

Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs) are facing the dilemma: on one hand, communicating branding messages effectively to target markets all over the world requires abundant resources, while stakeholders within the destination have different (sometimes even conflicting) interests in destination branding on the other. Specifically, residents of a tourism destination have great potential in helping the place by being involved in tourism development and destination branding, due to the development of information technology. To investigate how self-congruity influences residents’ evaluation on the place, as well as their voluntary WOM behaviours, this article proposes self-congruity as a key construct affecting residents’ place satisfaction and expectation, and further influencing residents’ place related behaviours, such as word-of-mouth (WOM). An empirical study was conducted in Ljubljana, Slovenia, with 309 questionnaire collected. Via a structural equation modelling analysis, this study finds that variation of self-congruity in the impacts on place satisfaction and expectation, as well as two types of WOM behaviours, namely one-to-one WOM and one-to-many WOM. This provides evidence to support the standpoint that different WOM are motivated by different factors via different psychological mechanisms. Specifically, (1) actual self-congruity and place satisfaction (reflecting an evaluation of past of current performance of the place) only affect one-to-one WOM, suggesting that this type of WOM is mainly motivated by one’s current state; (2) ideal self-congruity was found to affect place expectation, suggesting a consistency in the expectation of one’s self image and the place; (3) one-to-many WOM has two indicators of ideal self-congruity and place expectation, implying publishing one’s opinions and thoughts is driven by expectation rather than current state. In general, the results add detailed and in-depth findings on distinguishing the motivations of different types of WOM in WOM literature.

Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs) are facing the dilemma: on one hand, communicating branding messages effectively to target markets all over the world requires abundant resources, while stakeholders within the destination have different (sometimes even conflicting) interests in destination branding on the other. Specifically, residents of a tourism destination have great potential in helping the place by being involved in tourism development and destination branding, due to the development of information technology. To investigate how self-congruity influences residents’ evaluation on the place, as well as their voluntary WOM behaviours, this article proposes self-congruity as a key construct affecting residents’ place satisfaction and expectation, and further influencing residents’ place related behaviours, such as word-of-mouth (WOM). An empirical study was conducted in Ljubljana, Slovenia, with 309 questionnaire collected. Via a structural equation modelling analysis, this study finds that variation of self-congruity in the impacts on place satisfaction and expectation, as well as two types of WOM behaviours, namely one-to-one WOM and one-to-many WOM. This provides evidence to support the standpoint that different WOM are motivated by different factors via different psychological mechanisms. Specifically, (1) actual selfcongruity and place satisfaction (reflecting an evaluation of past of current performance of the place) only affect one-to-one WOM, suggesting that this type of WOM is mainly motivated by one’s current state; (2) ideal self-congruity was found to affect place expectation, suggesting a consistency in the expectation of one’s self image and the place; (3) one-to-many WOM has two indicators of ideal self-congruity and place expectation, implying publishing one’s opinions and thoughts is driven by expectation rather than current state. In general, the results add detailed and in-depth findings on distinguishing the motivations of different types of WOM in WOM literature.

Traditionally, tourists spend their holidays in tourist spaces that provide the needed infrastructure for their experiences (i.e., hotels, restaurants, sight-seeing spots). However, nowadays tourists often occupy more residential space than in the past; this development is fuelled at least by two important trends in tourism. First, destination marketing organizations (DMO’s) increasingly seek to intertwine tourists‘ paths with local neighbourhood in order to create perceived tourist authenticity (e.g. the ‘localhood’ strategy of various city tourism organizations; Wonderful Copenhagen, 2017). Second, shared economy offerings, such as Airbnb, create tourist spaces in residential areas (Gutierrez et al., 2017). Both developments result in the integration of tourists into the residents’ living sphere, and anecdotal evidence indicates that this does not come without fraction between residents and tourists (e.g., Andereck et al., 2005; Gutierrez et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2013). Specifically, residential infrastructure as well as residents’ cultural identity may be impaired by tourism that digs its way through residential areas (Yang et al., 2013). As a consequence, residents often perceive urban tourism in their neighbourhood as ‘overtourism’ and a threat to their group, overall leading to low support for tourism development and negative attitudes towards tourists. This might negatively influence the tourism of the place, since the friendliness and hospitality of the local people are an important factor of the touristic experience (Kim, 2014). While the two mentioned developments of DMO’s ‘localhood’ strategy and Airbnb are likely to further fuel this trend, surprisingly little is still known about the perceptions of both tourists and residents, and the consequences for tourism performance. Against this background, the present research sets out to investigate the potential dilemma between the localized (and allegedly authentic; Lu, Chi and Liu 2015) tourist experience and the effect on residents‘ predispositions towards tourists and tourism itself. An initial question this research aims to answer is whether tourists indeed prefer and seek the authentic experience of ‘localhood’. Examining the issue of tourists’ perceived authenticity is crucial because it is the underlying assumption of DMO’s ‘localhood’ strategy. Second, this research sets out to investigate both residents’ and tourists’ perceptions of this development, mapping out potential consequences in a structural equation modelling approach. Specifically, this study aims to understand what drives residents’ perceptions of ‘overtourism’ and how this in turn affects their predispositions towards incoming tourists and tourism itself. In a third step, the consequences of these predispositions on tourists’ experience in the residential tourist space are analysed.

Car-sharing is one of the most popular cases of a shared economy. It is a sustainable service that enhances mobility by renting shared vehicles to meet user's purpose in short-time. Car-sharing has known that it is effective in reducing ownership of passenger cars, reducing traffic congestion, and improving the environment. In Korea, a variety of car-sharing services have been launched, and since 2012, Korea Land & Housing Corporation (LH) has started to introduce HappyCar service for residents of public rental housing complexes nationwide. Public rental housing complexes have three types of complexes, one of which is complex for the low-income households. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting the use of carsharing for low-income people using Poisson regression analysis with 2017 HappyCar usage data. Data including outliers was filtered and explanatory variables (age, sex, and accessibility of public transportation around rental housing complexes) were selected through correlation analysis. The results of this study are expected to be useful for analysis of carsharing low-income users' behavior, demand forecasting, and the establishment of shared transportation policies in the future.

본 연구의 목적은 연안지역과 비연안지역 주민의 삶의 질을 객관적 지표를 이용하여 비교분석하는 것이다. 삶의 질에 대한 측정지표는 세 부문으로 구분하여 선정했다. 첫째, 경제부문에는 인구증가율, 인구 1000명당 사업체 수, 고용률, 실업률을 선택했다. 둘째, 환경부문에는 일인당 자동차 등록대수, 상수도 및 하수도 보급률, 인구 1000명당 도시공원 조성 면적, 도로포장률을 포함했다. 셋째, 사회부문에는 교원 1인당 학생수, 인구 1000명당 의료기관 병상 수, 자동차 1000대당 교통사고 발생률, 일반회계 중 사회복지예산 비중을 선정했다. 전국 24개 연안도시와 51개 비연안도시를 대상으로 표준화지표분석기법 및 평균차이검증(t-test)을 실시하였다. 측정지표별 비교결과, 두 집단간 인구 1000명당 사업체 수, 도로포장률, 자동차 1000대당 사고발생률에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 각 부문별 비교결과, 경제 부문에서만 연안도시가 비연안도시에 비해 높은 것이 유의미하게 나타났다. 삶의 질 비교결과, 연안도시가 비연안도시에 비해 높게 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았다

This study was carried out to investigate the presence of a correlation between heavy metals in urine samples and upper airway diseases. For the study, 51 household residents of Gwangyang, both with and without upper airway disease, were targeted. Urine samples were collected from the subjects along with a questionnaire from April 24th to 27th, 2017. The heavy metals in the urine samples were preprocessed and analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometer. The geometric mean concentration of urinary arsenic and cadmium was 138.66 μg/L and 0.75 μg/g creatinine among those with upper airway disease and 166.42 μg/L and 1.19 μg/ g creatinine among those without upper airway disease. This was not a statistically significant difference. The concentration of urinary arsenic and cadmium was found to be increased by 1.19 times (95% CI; 0.15-9.31) and 1.26 times (95% CI; 0.31-5.04) in household residents with upper airway diseases with more than 144.86 μg/L and 0.85 μg/g creatinine, respectively.

This study analyzes residents’ views on rural resources and facilities necessary for rural resource development. The data utilized for the analysis is a questionnaire targeting local residents living in Yuchon-ri, Musu-ri, Yudeung-myeon, Sunchang-gun, and Jeollabuk-do. The analysis methods used herein include multi-attribute utility theory, to assess the importance of community resources; variance analysis to determine the importance of developmental directions; and multiple response and cross-analysis to analyze the facilities required for each project. The results are as follows: “Seomjin River”, “specialized crops”, “Oktaek creek”, and the “bike lane along Seomjin River” were rated highly as community resources. Respondents evaluated the developmental directions in descending order of importance, i.e., “cultivating specialized crops”, “fostering environmentally-friendly agriculture”, “processing agricultural specialty products”, “improving rural landscapes”, “revitalizing rural tourism and hands-on experiences” and “ameliorating living environments”. Regarding facilities required for each project respondents prioritized “expanding basic living grounds”, the establishment of “health care maintenance facilities” and the “expansion and paving of village roads”. Also frequently requested were “facilities for increasing local incomes”, the “direct transaction of agricultural products”, “facilities for processing agricultural specialty products” and “establishing a distribution system for agricultural specialty products”. Many respondents also expressed their need for “sales facilities” and “facilities for hands-on experiences” in order to “revitalize rural tourism”. With respect to facilities for “ameliorating local landscapes” respondents wished to “establish community symbolic structures”, “plant roadside trees”, “revamp vacant or deserted properties” and “tidy up the areas surrounding community centers.” Needs were identified such as “education for local residents”, “community leader- fostering training”, and “taking tours of advanced areas” in order to “enhance the capabilities of local areas”, Given such analysis results, it can be seen that local residents place greater emphasis on the rural resource developments whereby they can better increase their revenues. Respondents would like the developmental directions from which they can create value related to producing, processing, and experiencing specialty crops. In order to set the direction for the development of these rural, future research must meticulously examine the resources scattered through rural and create measures that can be directly linked to rural household incomes and regional revenues.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of PM10 and O3 concentration on the symptoms of allergic diseases. The questionnaire was used to determine whether or not symptoms of allergic diseases were present from September to October 2012. The air pollution concentration data used was the corresponding point CEM (continuous emission monitoring) data. The average concentration of PM10 was 56.09 μg/m3 in the control area, and the concentration in the exposed area was 40.44 μg/m3. In the two areas, concentration of O3 was 28.73 ppb and 28.74 ppb, respectively. The total average concentrations of PM10 and O3 were 45.66 μg/m3 and 28.73 ppb in the Gwangyang area. The rate of asthma diagnosis was higher in the control area (9.6%) than in the exposed area (4.1%), but the rate of allergy eye disease was higher in the exposed area (23.9%) than in the control area (16.5%). There was a significant difference in the symptoms of some allergic diseases when the relative concentration of PM10 and O3 were high and low.

Foreign tourists inbound Japan have been over 24 millions in 2016. It was the result of the policy of “Tourism-oriented nation” which is pushed by Japanese Government. And the aim is increasing foreign tourists to 40 million by 2020 Olympic Game in Tokyo - “Inbound Japan” - the project of cooperation between state and people. It is not so surprised to the leading countries in tourism of the world, but that means foreign tourists will be over 6 times less than a decade from 2012 after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. It will boost GDP in macro economy extremely, but meanwhile, there are problems at the spots and local areas. We discuss the relations and gaps between foreign tourists and local residents as one of global issues and propose our solution for how to adjust both benefits, establish and keep a partnership relation for the mutual interest among respective parts concerned.

이 연구는 지역방송에 대한 지역민의 의견을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 9개 지역민방 시 청자 게시판의 게시 글을 분류하고, 의견을 유형화 하였다. 주요 결과로 지역방송 시청자게시판 의 게시 글은 문의, 평가, 요구 등 세 가지로 유형화 할 수 있었다. 이 중 문의를 제외한 평가와 요구를 통해 지역민의 의견을 종합한 결과, 심층성, 접근성, 전문성, 프로그램완성도, 공정성, 정 확성, 자체제작 및 편성, 지역성, 상호작용 등 9개의 의견으로 유형화 할 수 있었다. 지역방송에 대한 지역민 의견은 정확성, 전문성, 완성도, 공정성 측면에서는 지역프로그램의 많고 적음을 떠 나, 일반적인 저널리즘 원칙과 방송 원칙을 수행하는 것을 원하고 있었으며, 이런 요소들이 충족 되지 않을 때 지역방송을 낮게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 그동안 지역성 개념에서 중요하 게 다뤄지지 않았던, 접근성에 대한 요구가 많음을 발견할 수 있었다.