농가생산 국산밀 품종을 이용하여 밀가루의 용해도 및 팽윤력을 분석하였으며, 이를 이용하여 suger-snap 쿠키를 제 조하고 품질 특성을 분석하였다. 국산 밀 품종은 전라도 광주, 전주지역에서 수집한 금강, 고소 및 백중 밀을 사용하여 실험에 사용하였다. 팽윤력 및 용해도는 65 및 95℃에서 각각 시행하였다. 금강 밀의 경우 용해도는 65℃에서 5.89- 7.24%를 나타내었으며, 95℃에서는 12.63-14.37%를 나타내었다. 고소의 경우 65℃에서는 5.15-5.68%를 나타내어 다른 품종과 비교해 전반적으로 용해도가 낮게 나타나는 경향을 나타내었다. 팽윤력을 측정한 결과 95℃에서는 금강품종 밀가루가 10.81-11.61%로 높은 값을 나타내었고 백중의 경우는 8.37-11.31%를 나타내었다. 농가에서 생산된 국내 밀 품종을 이용하여 제조된 쿠키의 품질 특성은 쿠키의 직경, 넓이, 색도, 강도 및 경도를 분석하였다. 쿠키 넓이의 경우 고소품종 Ga를 이용하여 제조된 쿠키가 91.79 mm로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 고소(84.08-91.79mm)를 이용한 쿠 키 넓이는 금강(77.40-85.08 mm)이나 백중(77.05-82.03 mm)을 이용하여 제조된 쿠키와 비교했을 때 넓은 것으로 확인 되었다. 제조된 쿠키의 두께는 넓이의 결과와 상반된 결과를 나타내었다. 두께의 경우 금강 Ka 시료를 이용하여 제조 된 쿠키가 14.25 mm로 가장 높은 값을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 명도의 경우 금강 Kb밀가루 이용하여 제조된 시 료의 쿠키가 74.06으로 가장 밝게 나타낸 것으로 확인되었다. 쿠키의 강도와 경도를 분석한 결과 고소 품종 Ga를 이용 하여 제조된 쿠키의 강도 및 경도는 각각 743 및 1,319로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 경도의 경우 금강 Kb 시료가 435로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 제조된 쿠키의 경우 Kd 및 Bd시료를 이용하여 제조된 쿠키의 크랙이 가장 우수한 것으로 확인되었다.

In recent days composite bridge decks are increasingly used to new and rehabilitated bridges due to their many advantages such as light weight, high strength, high durability, low maintenance costs and fast installation. To further promote usage of composite bridge decks, the authors have developed decks of new profile having innovative vertical snap-fit connection. Through this development, significant enhancement of constructability and economy are obtained by overcoming the drawbacks of conventional composite decks of tongue-and-groove connection. The paper introduces some research results and notable applications for the developed composite decks of snap-fit connection using for pedestrian bridges. Owing to their considerable advantages of the developed composite decks, increasing number of applications is currently underway in Korea.

Various adhesive materials are used in flip chip packaging for electrical interconnection and structural reinforcement. In cases of COF(chip on film) packages, low temperature bonding adhesive is currently needed for the utilization of low thermal resistance substrate films, such as PEN(polyethylene naphthalate) and PET(polyethylene terephthalate). In this study, the effects of anhydride and dihydrazide hardeners on the low-temperature snap cure behavior of epoxy based non-conductive pastes(NCPs) were investigated to reduce flip chip bonding temperature. Dynamic DSC(differential scanning calorimetry) and isothermal DEA(dielectric analysis) results showed that the curing rate of MHHPA(hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride) at 160˚C was faster than that of ADH(adipic dihydrazide) when considering the onset and peak curing temperatures. In a die shear test performed after flip chip bonding, however, ADH-containing formulations indicated faster trends in reaching saturated bond strength values due to the post curing effect. More enhanced HAST(highly accelerated stress test) reliability could be achieved in an assembly having a higher initial bond strength and, thus, MHHPA is considered to be a more effective hardener than ADH for low temperature snap cure NCPs.

본 연구는 공간 트러스의 전체 좌굴을 고려한 최적 구조설계에 대해 연구를 하였으며, 구조물의 최소중량을 구하는 것이 목적이다. 응력제약에 의한 부재 최적화를 위해서 수리 계획법이 사용되었으며, 뜀-좌굴을 고려하기 위해 동적 계획법을 적용하였다. 트러스 부재의 최적설계를 위한 수리 모형은 전체중량 목적함수와 인장 또는 압축 허용응력 및 세장비 제약식으로 구성하였다. 평형경로상의 임계점 즉 좌굴하중을 구하기 위해서 접선 강성행렬의 행렬식 변화를 조사하였으며, 설계하중에 대한 좌굴하중 비율이 동적계획법의 반복계산과정에서 공간 트러스의 강성을 조절하기위해 반영되었다. 제안된 최적설계 프로세서의 검증을 위해서 스타 돔 구조물 예제를 통해 조사하였으며, 수치 결과는 잘 수렴하고 모든 제약을 만족하였다. 제시된 최적설계 프로세스는 전체좌굴을 고려한 최적설계를 수행하기 위한 비교적 간단 방법이고, 실무 구조설계를 반영하는데 가능하다.

Freeze-dried Ecklonia cava powder was incorporated into cookie dough at 5 levels (0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%, w/w) by replacing equivalent amount of wheat flour of the cookie dough. After aging and sheeting, cookies were baked at 185oC for 14 min in a convection oven. The baked cookies were cooled to room temperature for 30 min and packed in airtight bags prior to all measurements. Lightness (L*) decreased significantly as the E. cava powder content increased (p<0.05) and a decreasing trend in both redness (a*-value) and yellowness (b*-value) was observed. On the other hand, firmness increased significantly with an increase in E. cava powder content (p<0.05). Increases in E. cava powder concentration up to 6% in the cookie formulation significantly increased the intensities of all sensory attributes such as color, flavor, taste, and firmness (p<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the E. cava concentration correlated significantly with most of the properties except for a*-value (p<0.01, 0.05, or 0.001). Properties such as firmness and sensory color and firmness correlated positively while L*- and b*-values correlated negatively with E. cava concentration. Sensory color correlated negatively with L*- and b*-values. Sensory firmness correlated positively with mechanically measured firmness.

삼백초 분말의 첨가량을 0-6%로 달리하여 쿠키를 제조한 후 물리화학적 품질 및 관능적 품질특성을 측정하고 각 특성사이의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 삼백초 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 쿠키의 두께 및 밀도는 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 반죽의 구께 및 밀도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 반죽과 쿠키의 pH는 삼백초 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 현저하게 감소하였으며, 색 특성 중 명도와 황색도 역시 현저하게 감소한 반면 적색도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능검사 결과, 경도를 제외한 맛, 향미, 색 등의 강도는 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하여 6% 첨가군이 가장 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 한편 상관분석결과 삼백초 분말 첨가 수준은 대부분의 물리화학적 및 관능적 품질특성과 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내어, 삼백초 분말 첨가가 반죽 및 쿠키의 전반적인 품질특성에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

유리섬유강화 폴리에스터(GFRP) 복합소재는 가볍고 내구성이 뛰어나 강재, 콘크리트, 나무 등과 같은 기존의 구조 재료들을 대체할 수 있는 재료로 최근 각광 받고 있다. GFRP 복합소재 데크를 조립하여 아치가교를 만들면 짧은 시간에 시공이 가능하고 복합소재 데크의 재사용이 가능할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 쉽게 조립할 수 있는 수직결구식 복합소재 데크를 활용한 아치가교 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위해 몇 가지 가능한 아치가교의 유형을 제안하고 이를 유한요소해석을 통해 검증한다.

최근 강구조물과 해양구조물에 있어서 박판 부재인 고장력강이 널리 사용되면서 좌굴이 발생할 가능성이 커지고 있다. 특히 선박구조는 상자형 박판 구조물로서 용접이나 절단등의 열 가공에 의하여 필연적으로 판부재에 초기처짐이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 초기처짐은 박판부재가 좌굴을 동반한 복잡한 비선형 거동을 나타낼 때 악영향을 미치는 요소이다. 결과적으로 선체구조물이나 해양구조물에 안정성과 정확성을 부여하기 위해서는 발생 가능한 초기처짐을 이상화하여 2차좌굴 거동을 고려한 붕괴 매커니즘을 초기구조설계에 반영하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 종방향 압축하중이 작용하고 네변 단순지지조건인 판에 실제 계측된 여러 가지 초기처짐형상을 적용한 유한요소 해석을 하였다. 해석방법으로서는 범용 유한요소프로그램인 ANSYS의 탄소성대변형 유한요소법을 적용하였고 해석제어는 Newton-Raphson method와 Arc-length method를 병용하였다.

Pod-edible bean or snap bean is a fairly new crop to domestic farmers but the national demand is steadily increasing in recent years along with the development of western food business and change in dietary patterns. At the same time, much efforts are being made to export it to foreign country, mainly to Japan. The amount of seeds introduced from outside is also continuously increasing along with the enlargement of area planted for the crop. Hybridization breeding for the crop has already been started to supply the cheaper and better seeds which will reduce the seed costs and foster the higher income to the farmers. In this experiment, several technologies related with the production of quality seeds are preliminary investigated. Some of the results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Highly significant interaction was recognized between planting dates and no. of pods per plant and no. of branches but no interaction between planting dates and plant height and no. of nodes on main stem. Days to maturity was proportionally reduced to later planting dates. 2. Rate of viviparous pods and seeds was gradually increased in later planting dates but rate of germination was increased in earlier planting dates with lower germination rate in white seed coat grains than in colored seed ones. 3. Seed yield was higher in the earlier planting dates with a great deal of varietal difference. Early to mid April was considered to he the optimum planting dates for snap bean in Kyungbuk area. High correlation was recognized between seed yield and no. of pods per plant, no. of seeds per plant, and 100 seed weight. 4. Days to flowering was three and seven days longer in Cheongsong, high mountainous area than in Kunwi, somewhat prairie lowland. One hundred seed weight was also higher in Cheongsong than in Kunwi. Rate of viviparous grains, pods, and decayed seeds was higher in Cheongsong but, at the same time, the rate of germination and seed yield was also higher in Cheongsong. 5. One hundred seed weight of KLG5007 increased continuously up to 35days after flowering and decreased thereafter but that of KLG50027 increased to 40days after flowering and slowly reduced thereafter. The content of crude oil reached to maximum at 40 days after flowering and reduced thereafter. The rate of germination in Gangnangkong 1 was the highest, 89.3%, at 35 days after flowering and reduced thereafter while that in KLG50027 reached to maximum, 70.7%. at 40days after flowering and reduced thereafter. Thus, the optimum harvesting time for snap bean was considered to be 35~40days after flowering. 6. The snap bean pods at yellow bean stage easily became viviparous ones under saturated moisture conditions for 24 hours at . Therefore, it is recommended to harvest pods somewhat earlier than yellow-bean stage and let them do post maturing, especially when it is to be rained.

Soluble-NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins play a role in vesicle fusion, exocytosis, and intracellular trafficking in neuronal cells as well as in fertilization and embryogenesis. We investigated the expression patterns of two SNARE proteins, SNAP-25 and synaptotagmin VII (SytVII), and their regulation by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) during mouse ovarian follicular development. Ovaries were obtained at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h post-PMSG injection of immature mice. SNAP-25 and SytVII mRNA expression levels increased gradually in a time-dependant manner. However, protein levels revealed different patterns of expression, suggesting different translational regulation following PMSG stimulation. SNAP-25 and SytVII expression was closely associated with thickening of the granulosa cell (GC) layer and follicle morphological changes from a flattened to a cuboidal shape. To explore follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR)-mediated regulation of their expression, GCs from preantral follicles were cultured to examine the effects of FSHR siRNA knockdown. FSHR siRNA abolished upregulation of the SNAREs in both PMSG and FSH-stimulated GCs. This abolished gene expression was rescued by adding dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the cultures. These results suggest that SNAP-25 and SytVII expression is regulated via the FSHR-cAMP pathway during follicular development.

The film coated snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds with five different coating materials treated with 3% increase in seed weight were planted at sandy loam soil controlled moisture content of 18, 19, 20 and 21 %. The oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) was calculated from the different moisture content soil. The number of normal seedlings, seedling vigor, and seedling capability in field (seed vigor x dry matter weight) were observed at 9 days after planting and compared to the changes of ODR. The germination rate and ODR were sharply decreased simultaneously in the seeds planted at 21 % soil moisture content. Seedling emergence did not occur at all as the soil moisture content increased above 22 %. Hence this value should be considered as the threshold of soil moisture content for seedling emergence. An ODR value under 20% did not influence the percent emergence significantly. The certain difference observing in the emergence at the same ODR was not related clearly to the condition of soil. So it can be assumed that the limit of soil moisture content for the emergence of snap bean was approximately 20%. The value of 18% soil moisture content may be considered as the optimum for snap bean emergence. There was close relationship between the mean value of ODR in different soil moisture contents and the emergence. The germination rates of the seeds coated with the different materials were quite different when the seeds were planted at 21 % soil moisture. Dry weight of the seedlings from film coated seeds was decreased slightly, but the germination rates were not much different from the non-treated control under relatively higher soil moisture content (21 %). Major factor lowering emergence rate was oxygen stress while film coating act as a minor constraint for snap bean sown in excess soil moisture condition.

Snap bean is a new corp in Korea but believed to have a great deal of potentials for both domestic and overseas markets. The present study was performed to obtain the basic information about growth- and quality-related characteristics and to determinate the optimum seeding date and harvesting time for snap bean. Pod yield was significantly affected by seeding date. The highest pod yield was obtained from March 20 for determinate type and April 4 for indeterminate one, respectively, with the range of 13.0-23.7 t/ha. The pod length of indeterminate type was over 13cm, and the pod length was over 5 grams. The pod width for tested varieties was less than 1.0cm. Considering the pod growth characters such as pod length, pod width, and pod weight, the optimum harvesting time for immature pods of snap bean was supposed to be from 15 to 20 days after flowering. The daily yield of snap bean was begun to sharply increase from 15 days after the first flowering and the maximum yield was recorded at 30 days after flowering. For the accumulated yield, nearly 90% of total yield was obtained in 42 days after flowering.