홍잠은 숙잠(熟蠶)을 수증기로 익혀서 인간이 섭취할 수 있도록 제조한 다양한 건강 증진 효과가 있는 천연 건강 식품이다. 현재 표준 제조 방법은 수증기로 찐 홍잠을 보관과 판매의 편의를 위하여 급속 냉동하여 동결 건조를 진행하는 것이다. 그런데, 홍잠을 동결 건조하는 과정은 많 은 시간과 비용을 필요로 하여 홍잠 제품 가격의 인상 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 홍잠을 수증기로 찐 후 바로 균질 액으로 제조하여 분무 건조하면 분말 제조 비용을 절감할 수 있음을 발견하였다. 그리고 홍잠 균질 액에 식용 단백질 분해 효소를 첨가하여 분해시킨 후, 단 1회의 분무 건조로 제품을 제조할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 특히 홍잠 균질 액이나 효소 분해 홍잠 균질 액은 바로 액상이나 젤리 형태로 일반 또는 환 자용 특수 의료 용도 식품에 활용이 가능함을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서는 생산비용이 감소된 홍잠의 가공 방법을 제안하며 이는 제품 생성의 단가 를 낮추어 제품의 대중화와 양잠 농가의 연관산업 육성을 불러올 것으로 기대된다.

Powderization is a promising way to enhance the usability of fruits. Persimmon is one of the most popular fruits in Korea, but its usability is quite limited due to its high moisture content and seasonal availability. The objective of this study is to powderize a persimmon extract by spray drying and to examine the effects of resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and its mixtures with gum arabic (GA) as biopolymeric drying aids on the yield, moisture content, and water activity of resulting persimmon powder. Maltodextrin (MD) and its mixtures with GA were also used for comparison purpose. The feed solutions for spray drying were prepared by adding RMD, MD, GA or their mixtures (RMD:GA=9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5; MD:GA=5:5 and 1.7:8.3) to persimmon extract at a concentration of 30% (w/w) (40% (w/w) total solid). The inlet temperature, air flow rate, atomizing pressure, and feeding rate for spray drying were set as 140 °C, 0.40 m3/min, 100 kPa, and 270 mL/h, respectively. Among the three biopolymers, the highest drying yield (51%) was obtained when RMD was added, followed by GA-added (34%) and MD-added (21%) powders. However, the RMD-added powder was sticky and caused bag filter blockage. Among the biopolymer mixtures, the highest yield (56%) was obtained when the RMD–GA mixture (7:3) was added, and no serious powder stickiness was visually observed. The powder prepared with RMD or MD only yielded very low values of moisture content (1.5-2.0%) and water activity (0.09-0.10), and the values increased when GA was added together. This study demonstrated that the RMD–GA mixture is an effective drying aid for the spray drying of persimmon extract, which is highly sticky and not able to be spray-dried alone.

Spray freeze-drying (SFD) is a comparatively new method of producing biopharmaceutical powder preparations. In this study, Lactobacillus casei (IFO 15883)was spray freeze-dried to obtain a fine probiotic powder. The survival rate of L. casei in the powder after the SFD process was measured using plate agar counting. To improve the survival rate of L. casei during the SFD process, various experimental conditions were carried out. Among five growth media compositions, in Lactobacilli MRS broth with 1% mannose and 0.1% CaCO3, the viability of the freeze-dried powder was not significantly different from that of the initial powder (p>0.05). The most effective air pressure and protective agentduring SFD were 20 kPa and buffered peptone water (BPW), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to estimate the physical structure and properties of the particles. SFD probiotic particles were of various shapes and sizes with porous structures under different SFD conditions. The average diameter of optimized probiotic powder particles with annealing was 24.8 μm. The survival rate of the final SFD probiotic powder under conditions was 97.7%.

In this study, a method to produce a fine volatile powder extracted from shiitake mushrooms using spray freeze-drying (SFD) was investigated. The analysis of the water-soluble aromatic compounds was carried out by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled withgas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis were applied to characterizethe physical structure and size distribution of the SFD-derivedparticles. Eleven key volatile compounds were identified in the extracts of shiitake mushroomspre- and post-SFD. Recoveries of aromatic volatiles ranging from 30.9 - 82.9% were observed in the overall flavor profile results from the powder obtained with SFD. SEM analysis demonstrated that the particles of the aromatic powderwere spherical in nature, having highly porous surfaces andmean diameters of 19.3 μm.

Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used as a medicinal plant due to its various functionalities such as reduction of cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study was to optimize conditions for the production of microencapsulated garlic powder (MGP) coated with whey protein isolate (WPI) to improve its production yield. WPI was mixed with distilled water followed by magnetic stirring at 500 rpm for 12 h to hydrate it completely. Garlic powder (GP) was added into the WPI mixture. Ratio of GP to WPI was 1:1. Subsequently, GP-WPI mixture was homogenized, and then spray-dried. To maximize the production yield of MGP, variables such as the mixing time and homogenizing condition such as rpm and time were tested. The optimum conditions for producing MGP were found to be as follows: GP and WPI mixing for 1 h and homogenizing at 8100 rpm for 10 min which improved liquid flow rate during spray drying process. The production yield of MGP under optimum conditions was 25.6 g/h. The results of this study might provide scale-up parameters on applications of GP for its commercialization.

In this study, we fabricated Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic powders with various sizes via spray drying combined with reduction-diffusion process. Spray drying is widely used to produce nearly spherical particles that are relatively homogeneous. Thus, the precursor particles were prepared by spray drying using the aqueous solution containing Nd salts, Fe salts and boric acid with the target stoichiometric composition of Nd2Fe14B. The mean particle sizes of the spray-dried powders are in the range from one to seven micrometer, which are adjusted by controlling the concentra- tions of precursor solutions. After debinding the as-prepared precursor particles, ball milling was also conducted to con- trol the particle sizes of Nd-Fe-B oxide powders. The resulting particles with different sizes were subjected to subsequent treatments including hydrogen reduction, Ca reduction and washing for CaO removal. The size effect of Nd-Fe-B oxide particles on the formation of Nd2Fe14B phase and magnetic properties was investigated.

Hollow silica spheres were prepared by spray drying of precursor solution of colloidal silica. The precursor solution is composed of 10-20 nm colloidal silica dispersed in a water or ethanol-water mixture solvent with additives of tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane. The effect of pH and concentrations of the precursor and additives on the formation of hollow sphere particles was studied. The spray drying process parameters of the precursor feeding rate, inlet temperature, and gas flow rate are controlled to produce the hollow spherical silica. The mixed solvent of ethanol and water was preferred because it improved the hollowness of the spheres better than plain water did. It was possible to obtain hollow silica from high concentration of 14.3 wt% silica precursor with pH 3. The thermal conductivity and total solar reflectivity of the hollow silica sample was measured and compared with those values of other commercial insulating fillers of glass beads and TiO2 for applications of insulating paint, in which the glass beads are representative of the low thermal conductive fillers and the TiO2 is representative of infrared reflective fillers. The thermal conductivity of hollow silica was comparable to that of the glass beads and the total solar reflectivity was higher than that of TiO2.

Bulk amorphous materials have been intensively studied to apply for various advanced industry fields due to their high mechanical, chemical and electrical properties. These materials have been produced by several techniques such as mechanical alloying, melt spinning and gas atomization, etc. Among them, the atomization is the most potential technique for commercialization due to high cooling rate during solidification of the melt and mass productivity. However, the amorphous powders still have some limitations because of their low ductility and toughness. Therefore, intensive efforts have to be carried out to increase the ductility and toughness. In this study, the Ni-based amorphous powder was produced by the gas atomization process. And in order to increase the ductile toughness, ductile Cu phase was coated on the Ni amorphous powder by spray drying process. The characteristics of the as-synthesis powders have been examined and briefly mentioned. The master alloy with Ni57Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 was prepared by vacum induction melting furnace with graphite crucible and mold. The atomization was conducted at 1450oC under the vacuum of 10-2 torr. The gas pressure during atomization was varied from 35 to 50 bars. After making the Ni amorphous powders, the spray drying was processed to produce the Cu -coated Ni amorphous composite powder. The amorphous powder and Cu nitrate solution were mixed together with a small amount of binder and then it was sprayed at temperature of 130oC and rotating speed of 15,000 R.P.M..

The Indium Tin Oxide(ITO) nano powders were prepared by spray drying and heat treatment process. The liquid solution dissolved Indium and Tin salts was first spray dried to prepare chemically homogeneous recursor powders at the optimum spray drying conditions. Subsequently, the precursor powders were subjected to eat treatment process. The nano size ITO powders was synthesized from the previous precursor powders and the npuities also were decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. Furthermore, the lattice parameter of TO nano powders was increased by doping Tin into Indium with increasing heat treatment temperature. The par icle size of the resultant ITO powders was about 20∼50nm and chemical composition was composed of In:Sn =86:10 wt.％ at 80.

The magnetic Nd-Fe-B powders were prepared by a thermochemical method, consisting of the processes of spray-drying, debinding, milling, H-reduction, Ca-reduction, and washing. The optimum process conditions were studied by microstructural and thermal analysis. The resultant Nd-Fe-B powder was spherical with the size of 1 . Effects of the process parameters of each step on the microstructure of the powders were investigated, and their magnetic properties were evaluated