In this study, we utilized a multi-step stabilization method, incorporating dry-oxidation, to produce high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based activated carbon fibers. This stabilization was achieved through electron-beam irradiation, sulfonation, and dry oxidation. The stabilized fibers were carbonized and activated at 900 ℃. The crystallite characteristics of the activated carbon fibers were observed using X-ray diffraction, and their surface morphologies were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy. The textural properties were analyzed using N2/ 77 K adsorption–desorption isothermal curves. And leveraging the microdomain model, we explored the influence of these stabilization methods on the HDPE-based activated carbon fibers texture properties. The results show that HDPE fibers treated with sulfonation only at 100 ℃ for 60 min were not sufficiently cross-linked and were completely decomposed during the carbonization stage. However, the sulfonated fibers treated with the new dry-oxidation process maintained their shapes and were successfully activated. The specific surface area of the resulting activated carbon fibers was as much as 2000 m2/ g.

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of bread and the rheology of flour dough containing chlorella powder(0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). In the farinograph test, the addition of chlorella powder changed water absorption, development time and mixing tolerance index for making bread. As the amount of chlorella powder increased, the water absorption increased, mixing tolerance index and the development time decreased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension and resistance was decreased with increasing of chlorella powder content. In the amylograph test, the maximum viscosity was slightly decreased with increasing of chlorella powder contents. The colors of L value in bread crumb was significantly decreased as the chlorella powder addition. After fermentation treatment, The dough with 2.5% chlorella powder showed the lowest dough raising power compared to the other doughs. The addition of the chlorella powder had significant effect on bread texture. The bread consisting of 0.5% chlorella powder showed the highest volume of loaf and specific volume. Therefore, high quality of bread can be achieved by adding chlorella powder.

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of bread and the rheology of flour dough containing jochung. In the farinogram test, the addition of jochung changed water absorption, development time and mixing tolerance index for making bread As the amount of jochung increased, the water absorption, mixing tolerance index decreased and the development time increased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension decreased with increasing of jochung content whereas degree of resistance was enhanced with addition of jochung. After fermentation treatment, the volume of the dough with 20% sucrose were less than that of the dough containing 20% of jochung. The dough with 5% jochung showed the lowest dough raising power compared to the other doughs. The bread consisting of 15% jochung showed the highest volume of loaf and specific volume. Therefore, high quality of bread can be achieved by adding jochung instead of sucrose for making bread.

This study was conducted to evaluate characteristics of bread and rheology of flour dough containing fructooligosaccharide. In the farinogram test, addition of fructooligosaccharide changed stability and development time. Stability and development time increased as the amount of fructooligosaccharide increased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension decreased with increasing of fructooligosaccharide content, whereas degree of resistance increased. The volume of the loaf bread containing 10% fructooligosaccharide was the largest, and the bread containing 15% fructooligosaccharide revealed the best taste, flavor, and texture scores. After fermentation treatment, the volume of the dough with 20% of sucrose were less than that of 20% of fructooligosaccharide. Dough with 20% of sucrose revealed lowest dough raising power compared to other doughs. Overall, preference scores by sensory evaluation of bread containing fructooligosaccharide were higher than that of bread with sucrose. Therefore, excellent quality of bread may be achieved by adding fructooligosaccharide instead of sucrose to the process.

The objective of this study was to prepare acorn bread added with soymilk in order to improve its quality and develop the best possible recipe. The loaf volume, color, texture and sensory evaluation of acorn bread added with soymilk 10~40% were measured during the storage period. The L-value significantly decreased upon addition of 40% soymilk. A-value increased, but b-value decreased. During the storage period, the L- and a- values increased except 2 days at room temperature and 7 days in a freezer, whereas b-value decreased. For textural measurement, hardness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness increased significantly upon addition of soymilk. However cohesiveness decreased for 2 days of storage, whereas gumminess and brittleness for 1 day of storage at room temperature. Freezer storage for 1 day reduced cohesiveness, and gumminess for 4 and 7 days, respectively, and brittleness after all storage periods. The sensory evaluation showed that acorn bread added with soymilk 20% produced the best results in color and taste. The bitter aftertaste increased according to addition of soymilk with lower scores. Softness, chewiness and overall preference decreased significantly. Therefore, 10% soymilk addition got the best scores in aftertaste, softness, chewiness and overall acceptances.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods in Korea and the consumption of brown rice is increasing annually. The objective of this study is to investigate the physicochemical, hydration and textural properties related to eating quality of cooked brown rice by using glutinous, semi-glutinous, four non-glutinous and four colored varieties. The moisture, protein and total dietary fiber contents of brown rice are shown in the range of 11.1~12.6%, 6.6~8.7% and 6.28~12.40%, respectively. The amount of water uptakes for brown rice during the hydration has shown significant differences. The glutinous variety of Boseogchal indicate the highest water absorption levels by reaching 0.38 gH2O/g. The hardness of hydration for Seolgaeng is distinctively lower than those of the other brown rice varieties. According to the textural characteristics of cooked brown rice when using the Tensipresser, the hardness of Boseogchal, Baegjinju and Seolgaeng all exhibit the lowest values out of ten varieties and the highest levels of adhesiveness.

This study shows the effect of 4% squid ink on the textural properties of squid during fermentation for 8 weeks at 10℃ or 32 days at 20℃ in 5% salt solution. Although the hardness and chewiness of the squid fermented with squid ink continuously decreased during fermentation, the degree of decrease was smaller than that of squid fermented without squid ink. We can conclude that squid ink inhibited the ripening of the low salt fermented squid.

찰벼 품종별 이화학적 특성과 취반 후의 물성을 비교하였다. 조단백질 함량은 5.9-7.2% 범위를 나타냈고, 조지방과 조회분 함량은 각각 0.8-2.0%, 0.3-0.6% 메벼와 비슷한 경향이었다. 아밀로오스 함량은 1.79-1.93% 범위로 품종 간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 물결합 능력은 자포니카 품종 중 화선찰이 가장 높고 신선찰이 낮았으며, 통일계인 한강찰이 낮아 전분 입자의 내부적인 치밀도가 높음을 예상할 수 있었다. 알칼리붕괴도는 품종 중 백설찰이 가장 높고, 신선찰이 낮았다. 아밀로그람 특성에서 호화개시온도는 품종 중백설찰이 가장 낮고 화선찰과 상주찰이 높았으며, 최고 점도, 강하점도 및 최종점도는 한강찰이 높았다. 치반점도는 모든 품종이 메벼보다 낮아 노화가 느리게 진행됨을 예상 할 수 있었고, 한강찰이 가장 낮았다. 찹쌀 전분입자의 X선 회절도는 전형적인 A pattern이었고, 결정화도는 한강찰벼가 가장 높고 화선찰이 가장 낮았다. 취반 후의 물성 중 노화의 정도를 나타내는 경도는 저장시간이 경과됨에 따라 증가되었고, 시간에 따른 변화의 폭은 한강찰이 가장 커노화도가 높은 품종이었다.

Cheese is regarded as a viscoelastic food material. Textural properties of cheese play an important role in overall quality and consumer preference. Textural properties of cheese can be analyzed by rheological analysis and sensory evaluation analysis. Instrumental mechanical methods can provide the measurement of rheological properties of cheeses affecting physical properties, such as cracks, firmness, fracture, and production of eyes in cheeses. Descriptive sensory analysis with well-defined sensory descriptive words is a powerful tool to identify and quantify the key sensory properties of cheeses. In this article, major analytical methods to determine the rheological and sensory properties of cheeses and their applications to cheeses are presented.

본 연구에서는 다수확 품종인 벼 품종들의 이화학적인 특성을 조사하여 가공적성이 우수한 품종을 선정하고, TG를 첨가하여 쌀 스폰지케이크를 제조함으로써 로프 볼륨과 조직감 등 품질향상을 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 아밀로오스 함량은 품종간 18.5~20.2% 범위로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 물결합력은 품종 중 보람찬이 높아 제빵 제조에 적절하였으며 물결합력과전분손상도는 서로 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 품종들의 호화특성은 트랜스글루타미나제를 첨가하지 않은 쌀가루보다 첨가된쌀가루에서 향상되었다. 쌀 스폰지 케이크의 부피와 견고도는부의 상관관계를 가졌고, 0.2% TG 첨가 시 밀가루와 유사한부피를 나타냈다. 스폰지케이크의 경도는 무첨가 보다 TG 첨가 시 변화가 적어 노화가 억제되었고, 0.2% 첨가 시 물성개선에 적절하였다. 관능검사 결과 보람찬 품종이 외형, 조직, 맛과 전체적인 평가에서 우수하였다.