초고성능 콘크리트(UHPC)는 높은 압축강도를 위해 일반콘크리트에 비해 높은 시멘트 및 바인더 함량을 가지고 있다. UHPC 의 시멘트량을 줄이기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 수행되었으며, 그중 플라이애시와 고로슬래그는 각각 20%, 50% 수준까지는 강도 저하 없이 적용 가능하다는 연구가 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 UHPC 배합에서 시멘트를 플라이애시와 고로슬래그로 치환하여 강도변화 및 유동성 변화를 분석하였다. 압축강도는 플라이애시 치환 실험체가 가장 낮으며, 고로슬래그는 치환 전과 유사한 강도를 보였다. 휨강도 는 고로슬래그, 플라이애시 치환 실험체 모두 감소하였다. 그러나 유동성은 플라이애시, 고로슬래그 실험체 모두 향상되면서 고성능감 수제 저감이 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 초고성능 콘크리트의 성능을 보다 향상시키기 위해 현재 콘크리트 보강에 사용하는 섬유들을 조합한 복합 섬유를 제작하여 복합섬유 혼입 초고성능 콘크리트의 강도 특성을 분석하였다. 복합섬유 4종과 단일섬유 3종을 각각 혼입하여 유동성과 압축, 휨강도 실험을 진행하였다. 복합섬유와 단일섬유 혼입 시험체 모두 유동성 평가를 만족하였으며, 단일섬유가 조금 더 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 강도 평가결과 파라아라미드 섬유와 강섬유를 조합한 복합섬유 2종이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었으며, 복합섬유 직경 차이에 따라 압축 및 휨강도 보강효과가 다르게 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 압축강도 감소를 최소화하며 휨강도를 증가시킨 결과를 통해, 복합섬유는 단일섬유 간의 단점을 서로 보완할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구를 통해 차후 콘크리트의 다양한 재료적 특성을 보강하는 복합섬유도 충분히 제작 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This paper presents the design, analysis, and experimental evaluations of precast reinforced UHPC (ultra high-performance concrete) beams with a new design concept of non-uniform flexural members. With outstanding mechanical properties of UHPC which can develop the compressive strength up to 200MPa, the tensile strengths up to 8~20MPa and the tensile strain up to 1~5%, a non-uniform structural shape of UHPC flexural beams were optimally designed using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The experiments were carried out and compared with the design strength in order to verify the performance of them. Proposed non-uniform UHPC beams were evaluated by a series of three-point beam loading test as well as estimated by design bending and shear strength of members. The newly designed UHPC beams show excellent performances not only in transverse load capacities but also in deformation capacities.

In current research, it was attempted a preliminary design and evaluation of non-uniform ultra high-strength concrete (UHSC) truss members. UHSC used here has the compressive strength of 180 MPa, the tensile strength of 8 to 20 MPa, and the tensile strain after cracks up to 2%. By the three-dimensional finite element stress analysis as well as strut-tie approach on concrete solid beams, the non-uniform truss shape of UHSC truss was designed with the architectural esthetic concept. In a series of examples, to compare with conventional concrete members, the proposed UHSC truss members have advantages in capabilities of the slender design with minimum weight with high performances under transverse loadings as well as the aesthetically non-uniform design for spatial structures.

It is a well known that concrete is strong for compression and weak for tension. For reinforcing the weakness and improving the performance about concrete, various methods are used. Fiber reinforced concrete that is one of them has been investigated in this study. The function of fiber in concrete is to improve the stress strain relation and toughness, crack control. It’s applied from normal strength concrete to ultra-high performance concrete. But it is essential to disperse fiber uniformly and to prevent aggregation of fiber in concrete, in order that fiber reinforced concrete show the sufficient performance. The various properties of fiber affect the essential properties, for instance, length and diameter of fiber, source, etc. So, this study evaluated the ultra-high performance concrete with mixed in composite fiber.

This study investigates the flexural shear strength of ultra high performance concrete I-girder. The effect of aspect ratio on the flexural - shear strength of UHPC was analyzed using finite element analysis. The UHPC I-type girder was modeled using 3D shell elements and analyzed using geometric and material nonlinear analysis. The boundary condition is simple support condition and a displacement load is applied to the center of the upper flange. The results shows that shear strength decreased as the aspect ratio increased and the bending-shear failure of UHPC I-girder does not occur even at larger moment than ordinary concrete due to the cross-linking action of steel fiber.

UHPC(Ultra High Performance Concrete) is used widely with its remarkable performance, such as strength, ductility and durability. Since the fibers in the UHPC can control the tensile crack, the punching shear capacity of UHPC is higher than that of the conventional concrete. In this paper, seven slabs with different thickness and fiber volume ratio were tested. The ultimate punching shear strength was increased with the fiber volume ratio up to 1%. The shear capacity of specimens with the fiber content 1% and 1.5% do not have big differences. The thicker slab has higher punching shear strength and lower deformation capacity. The critical sections of punching shear failure were similar regardless of the fiber volume ratio, but it were larger in thicker slab.

Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) has a outstanding tensile hardening behaviour after a crack develops, which gives ductility to structures. Existing shear strength model for fiber reinforced concrete is entirely based on crack opening behavior(mode I) which comes from flexural-shear failure, not considering shear-slip behavior(mode II). To find out the mode I and mode II behavior on a crack in UHPFRC simultaneously, maximum shear strength of cracked UHPFRC is investigated from twenty-four push-off test results. The shear stress on a crack is derived as variable of initial crack width and fiber volume ratio. Test results show that shear slippage is proportional to crack opening, which leads to relationship between shear transfer strength and crack width. Based on the test results a hypothesis is proposed for the physical mechanics of shear transfer in UHPFRC by tensile hardening behavior in stead of aggregate interlocking in reinforced concrete. Shear transfer strength based on tensile hardening behavior in UHPFRC is suggested and this suggestion was verified by comparing direct tensile test results and push-off test results.

Ultra high performance concrete which has recently been studied was developed to complement the brittle behaviour and dynamic uppermost limit of high strength concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete which mixed steel fiber is receiving attention as an alternative about this and is being developed to complement the disadvantages of high strength concrete including lower toughness coefficients and crack resistance and spalling in fires. Review about fiber reinforced ultra high strength concrete that this study tries to treat includes reduction of self shrinkage generated by high cement content per unit volume of concrete, evaluation of compression and tension strength to lower internal and external spalling resistance and fragility factors of member of framework, and flow characteristics of concrete which doesn't harden according to steel fiber amounts and used materials. As the result, the more fiber reinforcement increases, the more compression and tensile strength increase and deformation control of cement matrix and improvement of energy absorption ability showed the great effect in shrinkage reduction.

In this study, prediction of later-age compressive strength of ultra-high strength concrete, based on the accelerated strength of concrete cured in hot water was investigated. Comparing other acceleration method, hot water curing method is relatively easy and intuitive to use in the real construction site. The amount of time for evaluation of the concrete strength using the hot water curing method in KS and JIS is too long to predict the strength of the ultra-high strength concrete that are used in the tall building structure. For that reason, curing temperature of 40, 50, 60℃ 3 levels were examined to shorten the amount of time for the evaluation of the strength. When curing in warm water, different strength characteristics are verified from the experiment. In case of F3 substituting 30% fly ash in combination, because of the curing temperature sensitivity of fly ash, differences of strength expression velocity was verified according to the curing temperature at the same age. In case of B4 substituting 40% ground granulated blast furnace slag, there were no big strength expression velocity differences of the specimen cured in 3 different level of curing temperature(40, 50, 60℃). The results show reliable accuracy by regression relation between 28day strength cured by standard curing method and accelerated strength of concrete cured in warm water.(y=1x-0.0002 R2=0.9866) As a result, the feasibility of 3day-prediction was confirmed using warm water curing method with accelerated strength of concrete cured for three days in warm water.

In this study, prediction of later-age compressive strength of ultra-high strength concrete, based on the accelerated strength of concrete cured in hot water was investigated. Comparing other acceleration method, hot water curing method is relatively easy and intuitive to use in the real construction site. The amount of time for evaluation of the concrete strength using the hot water curing method in KS and JIS is too long to predict the strength of the ultra-high strength concrete that are used in the tall building structure. For that reason, curing temperature of 40, 50, 60˚c 3 levels were examined to shorten the amount of time for the evaluation of the strength. As a result, the feasibility of the three days hot water curing method was confirmed.

Recently Ultra high strength concrete is actively being developed and studied, and this trend is explained with the following effects. Technological effects expected from the application of Ultra high strength concrete include the reduction of section, the decrease of structure mass and the improvement of workability. As for the reduction of section, the use of Ultra high strength concrete is effective for plane and height, and the effect is even higher when it is applied to high-rise buildings. The decrease of concrete mass resulting from high strength is advantageous for earthquake resistance, reduces the use of earthquake-resistant members, and brings resource substitution effects. In addition, forms can be removed early thanks to self-fillability and early expression of strength resulting from the high fluidity, and this increases construction efficiency and shortens construction period. Recently there is increasing interest and investment in high-rise buildings throughout the world, and countries are competing for higher buildings in order to display national status and technological power through high-rise buildings. In addition, the use of concrete materials in steel-frame building is increasing as residential buildings are growing higher. Currently the application of Ultra high strength concrete is limited to high-rise buildings and protective buildings for special purposes. However, its application is expected to expand to attain the effects of Ultra high strength concrete. For this purpose, we tested the field applicability of Ultra high strength concrete using simulated members. Mixture ratios derived from basic experiment were tested using reduced simulated members. Using the obtained results, the decrease of hydration heat and the increase of compression strength were compared and the optimal mixture ratio was selected. Concrete of the selected mixture ratio was produced at a ready-mixed concrete factory and placed at a construction site using a pump car. Through the experiment on field applicability, we presented basic materials on the construction-related and mechanical characteristics of Ultra high strength concrete.

본 연구에서는 비정질강섬유의 혼입이 초고강도콘크리트의 폭렬특성에 미치는 영향이 실험적으로 검토되었다. 콘크리트는 압축강도 100과 150 MPa의 초고강도콘크리트가 사용되었다. 폴리프로필렌섬유는 0.15 vol%, 비정질강섬유는 0.3 및 0.5 vol%가 혼입되었다. 시험체는 콘크리트의 압축강도와 섬유혼입 조건에 따라 6수준이 제작되었고, ISO-834 가열곡선에 의해 가열되었다. 결과로써 폴리프로필렌섬유와 비정질강섬유가 혼입된 초고강도콘크리트의 폭렬제어에 있어서는 용융된 폴리프로필렌섬유가 형성하는 공극네트워크를 통해 수증기가 이동하는 효과가 지배적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 비정질강섬유 0.3v ol% 혼입률에서는 폭렬제어에 큰 영향을 미치지 않지만, 0.5 vol%의 비정질강섬유가 혼입될 경우에는 수증기가 이동할 수 있는 균열의 발생이 억제됨으로써 콘크리트 폭렬의 원인으로 지적되고 있는 수분막힘층(moisture clog)가 형성될 가능성이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

The load-deflection curve and neutral axis changing curve, which were drawn by data from tests were analyzed. Both of steel fiber and reinforcing bar habe effect to induce the behavior of segmental U-shaped girder. The combination of 0.7% or 1.0% steel fiber and reinforcing bar sowed the effective ductle behavior of segmental U-shaped girder. The relationship of load-deflection and the crack pattern indicate that the appropriate combination are UFS1.0 and CFS1.0

After the application of the formuar for the reinforcement index to the behavior of the UHPFRC box girders, reinforcement index does not determine the characteristic of behavior of UHPFRC box girder exactly. So the index should consider the dimension precisely and reference value corresponding to the 0.005 strain of the prestressing strands.

초고성능 콘크리트와 고연성 무시멘트 복합재료는 높은 압축강도 및 높은 연성 등 재료의 우수한 성능으로 인하여 유망한 건설재 료로 분류되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 초고성능 콘크리트와 고연성 무시멘트 복합재료의 압축강도와 인장거동에 대하여 실험적으로 조사하 여 성능을 비교하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 밀도, 압축강도, 일축인장실험 등 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 알칼리 활성 슬래그 기반 고연 성 무시멘트 복합재료의 압축강도와 인장강도는 초고성능 콘크리트의 압축강도와 인장강도에 비하여 낮게 나타났지만, 인장하중 하에서 알칼 리 활성 슬래그 기반 고연성 무시멘트 복합재료의 인장변형성능 및 인성은 초고성능 콘크리트의 인장변형성능 및 인성에 비하여 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 알칼리 활성 슬래그 기반 무시멘트 페이스트에 폴리에틸렌섬유를 보강하여 7.89 %에 달하는 높은 인장변형성능을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

초고강도 콘크리트를 이용한 부재의 내화 성능을 검토하기 위해서는 실제부재 단위의 시험에 의한 평가가 요구되고 있다. 그러나 실제부재 실험을 하기 위해서는 재하 능력이 큰 시험 장비가 필요하기 때문에, 재료 모델을 이용한 해석적 연구를 통해 내화 성능을 평가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 80, 130 및 180 MPa의 초고강도 콘크리트를 대상으로 고온 가열시의 변형 특성을 실험적으로 평가하고 초고강도 콘크리 트에 대한 기존 변형 모델의 적용을 검토했다. 그 후, 최소 제곱법에 의해 실험 값과 기존의 변형 모델을 적용한 계산 값의 누적 오차가 가장 작 은 상수 값을 도출하고 초고강도 콘크리트에 적용 할 수 있는 변형 모델을 제시했다.