Sprout products, such as broccoli, alfalfa, and cabbage, have positive health effects. Thus far, sprout foods have attracted attention owing to their good bioavailability. In particular, young broccoli sprouts exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects. They contain 100 times more chemoprotective substances than adult broccoli. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of freeze-dried young sprout broccoli (FD-YB) in vitro using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The FDYB powder antioxidant ability test showed that the radical-scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FD-YB was not cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells, and nitric oxide production decreased after the FD-YB treatment of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FD-YB significantly decreased the expression of inflammation-related proteins (Cyclooxygenase-2, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, and Prostaglandin E Synthase 2) and cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor- and Interleukin-6). In conclusion, FD-YB can be a potential nutraceutical for preventing and regulating excessive immune responses during inflammation.

Calystegia pubescens Lindl. (C. pubesens)는 전통적으로 이뇨, 피로 및 혈당 강하 효과로 사용되어 온 한국 토종 식물이다. C. pubesens는 이전 연구에서 항산화 및 미백 효과를 보였지만 항균 및 항염증 특성에 대한 연구가 제한적이고 기능성 소재로서의 입증이 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 70% 에 탄올로 추출한 C. pubesens의 잎(CPL)과 줄기(CPS) 추출물의 항균, 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 조사했다. CPL은 CPS보다 여드름균, 황색포도상구균, 대장균과 녹농균에 대해 우수한 항균 효과를 보였다. 또한 CPL은 CPS보다 DPPH 및 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거 분석에서 더 높은 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. 따라서 CPL 은 CPS에 비해 우수한 항균 및 항산화 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 RAW264.7 대식세포를 이용한 CPL의 항염증 효과를 확인하기 위한 추가 연구를 진행하였다. 지질다당류(LPS) 자극에 의해 생 성된 산화질소(NO)는 CPL에 의해 감소되었다. 또한, LPS에 의해 증가된 iNOS의 단백질 및 mRNA 발 현은 CPL에 의해 감소되었으며, 이는 NO 생산과 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 CPL이 CPS에 비해 우수한 항균 및 항산화 효과를 가지고 있음을 확인하였으며, LPS에 의해 유도된 iNOS 발현 및 NO 생성 억제를 통해 CPL의 항염증 효과를 입증했다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 CPL의 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 제시한다.

COVID-19로 인하여 현대인들은 유해환경 및 다양한 자극에 따른 불안 심리가 높아지게 되면 서 천연물질을 선호하게 되었다. 따라서 전통의학에서 무독성 식물로 인정한 히비스커스를 천연화장품 소 재로서의 적절성을 알아보고자 히비스커스 추출물의 항산화 효과(폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, DPPH, ABTS) 를 연구하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 히비스커스의 총 폴리페놀은 HSE 100%일 때 433 ㎍/mL로 나타났다. 둘째, 총 플라보노이드는 HSE 100%에서 488 ㎍/mL로 항산화 능력이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, DPPH radical 소거능은 원액 HES 100%에서 94.04%, 희석액 HSE 20%에서 89.54%로 나타났다. 넷째, ABTS radical 소거능은 HSE 원액 100%에서 98.95%, 희석액 HSE 20%에서 94.84%로 각각 90% 이상의 높은 소거능을 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과 히비스커스 추출물은 향후 화장품 천연소재의 항산화 원료로 사용이 가능하다고 사료된다.

This study investigated quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of beetroots after blanching. Beetroots were blanched in distilled water, 2% NaCl water, and 2% citric acid water at 100°C for 3 minutes (the blanched group). The moisture content was highest in the control (CON) at 91.30% (p<0.05), and cooking loss was lowest in the water-blanched beetroot (BW) at 5.39% (p<0.01). Chromaticity decreased after blanching compared to CON (p<0.001). Total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) decreased after blanching, and as a result of comparing the True retention (TR) of the blanching treatment group, BW had the highest with TPC TR 91.22% and TFC TR 70.51%. DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities were highest in the CON, and in the blanching group BW was highest scavenging activity. The total number of microorganisms in the CON group was 2.97 log CFU/g, whereas no microorganisms were detected in the blanched groups. Therefore, this study, blanching in water without additives is the most appropriate method for preserving physiologically active substances and nutrients in beetroots and inhibiting microbial growth.

This study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity of goat meat hot water extracts and the changes in apoptosis-related protein expression levels in the cancer cells treated with these extracts. Goat meat hot water extracts were prepared using different cuts of goat meat, including foreleg, hindleg, loin, and rib. Among these extracts, the foreleg and hindleg extracts displayed higher (P<0.05) ABTS radical scavenging activity than the other two extracts. Protein expression levels of BAX, p53, and p21 were not different in the cells treated with the extracts from different cuts, regardless of the cell type. Only p53 expression in HT-29 cells was elevated (P<0.05) after loin extract treatment. These results suggest that antioxidant activity and apoptosis-related effects of goat meat hot water extract varied with cut of meat under in vitro conditions. Because all data was obtained from the in vitro experiment, the ability to generalize conclusions is limited. Additional in vivo studies are necessary.

The study investigated the potential effect of the Ecklonia cava extract by using Jeju lava seawater (ECE-JLS; hardness: 100, 300 mg/L), which is naturally filtered underground by a volcanic rock layer. The chemical composition, antioxidant-related enzyme activities, radical scavenging activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Vero cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production in Raw 264.7 cells were measured to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of ECE-JLS100 and 300 were 156.41± 1.15, 166.16±2.27 mg/g, and 343.76±2.40, 373.90±3.67 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of ECE-JLS’ SOD and CAT-like activities was increased. ECE-JLS in the range of 0.25 to 2 mg/mL exhibited remarkable DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. ECE-JLS100 and 300 inhibited total ROS generation by 21.4±0.4 and 23.9± 0.3% in H2O2-induced Vero cells at 200 g/mL concentration, respectively. ECE-JLS100 and 300 decreased NO production, with levels of about 55.0±2.4 and 56.5±1.8% at 200 g/mL concentration, respectively. The contents of TNF-  were decreased compared to the negative control. These observations provide helpful information for the potential industrial use of Jeju lava seawater. Also, ECE-JLSW could be used as a functional food material.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities, quality characteristics, and storage stability of perilla oil mayonnaise (PM) with different levels of onion powder (OP) from 0 to 3%. As the amount of OP increased, the L, a, and b values increased, but pH decreased (p<0.05). The addition of OP raised viscosity (p<0.05). The addition of OP to PM proportionally increased the total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assay. When compared to PM without OP, PM that contained OP had a peroxide value that was almost 1.94 times lower. The emulsion stability was between 97.62 to 94.92% in the PM without OP and PM with OP groups was 99.60% for 12 weeks. This study showed that the inclusion of OP in PM has the potential to inprove its quality, antioxidant activities, and storage stability.

To investigate antioxidant effects of tea tree root extracts using various extraction methods, cytotoxicity, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, SOD, nitrite scavenging activity and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity were measured. Cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7 cells was not observed at concentrations treated with below 90 μg/mL in all extracts. The maximum DPPH radical, nitrite scavenging, SOD activity and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation were obtained at the ethylacetate and 70% ethanol extract. The maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity was obtained at the ethylacetate and hot water extract. However, in the case of reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity, they were obtained at 70% ethanol and hexane extract, respectively. Nitrate scavenging activity showed the most excellent scavenging ability of 59.6% at 90 μg/mL of ethylacetate. The hexane extract had the highest ferrous ion chelating activity, showing 61.05% at 50 μg/mL, 66.07% at 70 μg/mL and 76.81% at 90 μg/mL, respectively. The results of this research show that the ethylacetate and 70% ethanol extracts of tea tree root can be used as a natural material for scavenging the radicals. However, future study is necessary to understand the mechanism of antioxidant activity by identification of substances.

본 연구는 비산소 분쇄 및 포장이 해조류 분말의 색도, 항산화활성 및 미생물 수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대조구로는 산소 조건하에서 분쇄 및 포장을 진행하였다. 색도는 대조구가 저장기간이 지남에 따라 L값과 b값은 감소하고 a값이 증가하여 갈변현상이 일어나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 총 페놀함량 (9.8~8.0mg GAE/100g dw), DPPH (12.57~11.00mg BHAE/100g dw), ABTS (13~8.4mg AAE/100g dw) 및 FRAP (11.2~8.0mg Fe(II)/100g dw)활성이 모두 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, 진공-질소치환에 의한 비산소 분쇄 및 포장의 경우 유의적으로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 미생물수는 대장균군, 일반세균수, 효모 및 곰팡이를 분석하였고 대장균군과 곰팡이는 모든 샘플에서 불검출되었다. 대조구는 0~8주차에서 일반세균수와 효모가 각각 1.52~1.96 log CFU/g, 0~1.77 log CFU/g으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 비산소 분쇄 및 포장 조건은 0~8주차에서 일반세균수와 효모가 각각 1.52~1.53 log CFU/g, 0~1.25 log CFU/g으로 각각 나타나 일반세균수는 유의적으로 차이가 없었으나 효모는 약간 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 색도유지, 높은 총 페놀함량 및 항산화 활성 유지, 일반세균 및 효모의 성장 억제를 위해서는 진공-질소치환에 의한 비산소 분쇄 및 포장 조건하에서 품질특성과 미생물수를 유지하는데 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

This study compared and analyzed the antioxidant effect of Doenjang prepared from vegetable water, and explored the optimal addition ratio of vegetables of 5 kinds and the possibility of application to Doenjang. The sample is three kinds of vegetable water (VW1, VW2, VW3) prepared by adding different ratios of radish, carrot, green onion, onion and shiitake mushroom and Denjang prepared using it. Doenjang was aged and fermented at about 40°C for 40 days, and then separated and used only solids. The content of their antioxidant compounds was measured the content of total phenolic acid contents and total flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant effect was measured by electron donating activity, SOD-like activity, ABTs radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The total phenolic acid contents and total flavonoid contents were high at VW3 and that Doenjang made with VW3. Electron donating activity and SOD-liked activity were high at VW2 and Doenjang made with VW2. ABTs radical scavenging activity was high in Doenjang made of VW3, and Reducing power was high in VW3. Therefore, if Doenjang is prepared with vegetable water prepared by properly mixing 5 types of vegetables, the possibility of developing Doenjang with high antioxidant effect was suggested.

Lonicera caerulea (Honey berry, HB) has been used in medical treatment in Russia, Japan, China and Korea. It has high level of vitamin C and polyphenolics. Polyphenolics can improve anti-inflammatory effect and prevent cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2. Also, Vitamin C is a representative anti-oxidant. however, it is still unknown what effect it will have on the oxidation stress of the reproductive system. In previous studies, ROS can be produced when it is exposed to heat stress and has negative effect on sperm’s maturation, capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and fusion of egg and sperm. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of L. Caerulea on the sperm and mice. At first, it conducted using ICR mouse (n = 20) for 4 weeks. There are four groups of mice (n = 5 per group). Also, L. Caerulea was taken by oral gavage. Group I (control) kept at 23℃-27℃ and administer D.W (0.5 mL/day), Likewise, Group II (HB) kept at room temperature but gave HB (250 mg/kg, 0.5 mL/day), Group III (HB + HS) received heat stress (40℃) using hyperthermia induction chamber and gave HB at same dose. and Group IV (HS) exposed heat stress only. Mainly, we showed degree of gene expression using Western blot in SOD, HSP 70, 17β-HSD and Real-time PCR. It can find correlation between intracellular activity like steroid hormone, apoptosis under ROS and antioxidant activity of L. Caerulea.