본 연구는 부모의 사회경제적 배경, 특히 부모의 학력이 아동의 건강에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 구체적으로, 아버지 학력과 어머니 학력이 단선적으로 아동의 건강에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 그리고 이 과정에서 아동의 사회적 네트워크(사회자본)가 어떤 매개효과를 지니는지 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 한국아동·청소년패널조사(2018)을 이용하여 분석을 실시하였으며, 초등학교 4학년과 그 부모 를 연구대상으로 하였다. 분석방법으로는 구조방정식 모형을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 아버지의 학력이 아동 의 사회자본 형성에 정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 어머니의 학력은 아동의 건강에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 아동의 사회자본은 아동의 건강에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 아동의 사회자본은 아버지 학력과 아동건강 간의 관계에서 매개효과를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 세 가지를 제언하였다. 첫째, 부모와 아동 간의 상호작용 및 관계형성을 촉진하기 위하여 유연근무제 같은 일-가정 양립지원책을 확대할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 아동의 사회자본 형성 및 증진을 위하여 아동의 사회적 네트워크를 활성화할 수 있는 다양한 사회적 노력들을 경주해야 한다. 셋째, 취약계층의 아동들의 사회적 네트워크 형성을 위하여 지역사회의 교육복지 공동체를 제공할 필요가 있다.

There has been an increase in the viewing of YouTube content among children and adolescents. This, coupled with the popularity of live-streamed video content such as mukbang, where viewers watch the host eat, has raised concerns about media addiction and the indiscriminate imitation of eating behavior. Therefore, there is a need for guidance on the appropriate behavior for viewing YouTube food content to promote healthy eating habits among children. In this study, we aimed to compare the patterns of the main caregivers and their children while viewing media and investigate the impact of viewing YouTube food content on the physical and mental health of the children. The findings suggest that active YouTube food content viewing by the main caregivers may reduce imitative behaviors due to passive media consumption by their children. This study provides valuable insights by comparing and analyzing the YouTube content viewing of the main caregivers and their children. The results can be used as a basis for the development of lifestyle-centered guidelines for children. However, it is important to note that this study was conducted during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic when there was a significant increase in the use of media, which is limitation of the study.

목적 : 본 연구는 소아·청소년의 나트륨 섭취와 굴절 이상 사이의 연관성을 조사하였다. 방법 : 본 연구에서는 2016년 국민건강영양조사에 5~18세 소아·청소년 968명의 데이터를 사용하였다. 나트 륨 섭취량은 24시간 식단 회상에서 식품 항목에 대한 데이터로 측정하였다. 굴절 이상은 우안의 등가구면 굴절력 (SE)을 사용하였다. 잠재적인 교란 요인을 조정한 후 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 사용하여 나트륨 섭취와 굴절 이상 간 의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결과 : 나트륨 섭취량과 굴절 이상은 상관관계가 있었고(p<0.001), 나트륨 섭취가 높을수록 굴절 이상도 함께 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 특히 나트륨 섭취량은 근시에서 유의하게 높았다. 잠재적인 교란 요인을 보정한 후 다변량 로지스틱 회귀 분석에서 높은 나트륨 섭취가 근시 위험 증가와 유의하게 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다 (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.12-2.33, p=0.010). 결론 : 국내 소아·청소년의 나트륨 섭취와 굴절 이상 사이에 유의한 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 높 은 나트륨 섭취량은 근시와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) is designed to record the characteristics of developing children and examine the influence of a child’s environment on their health. Objects: This study was designed to determine the relationship between the clinically extracted ICF-CY items and The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) items. Methods: Thirty patients (17 males and 13 females) who were hospitalized in a pediatric and youth patient unit of a rehabilitation hospital were included in the study. Four health professionals (two physical therapists and two occupational therapists) working independently linked the PEDI and GMFM-66 items to the activity and participation domains of the ICF-CY. Results: There were strong negative correlations between the ICF-CY subdomains and the PEDI subdomains (r = 0.76–0.95; p < 0.05). There were positive strong correlations between the ICF-CY subdomains and the GMFM-66 (r = 0.76–0.95; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The extracted ICF codes were a valid tool for evaluating the mobility and selfcare conditions of cerebral palsy in the pediatric rehabilitation area.

본 연구에서는 지역아동센터 종사자의 정서적 소진 및 정신건강 예방 책을 마련하는데 필요한 기초자료를 확보하고자 SSO모델을 근거로 역할 스트레스와 정서적 소진 및 정신건강의 관련성을 검증하였다. 대전지역의 지역아동센터 종사자를 대상으로 실시한 조사자료 중 140명의 자료를 활용하여 역할스트레스(Stress)→정서적 소진(Strain)→정신건강(Outcome)의 인과관계모형에 대해 구조방정식 모형으로 검증하였다. 그 결과, 연구모형의 적합도가 통계학적으로 유의미했으며 변수 간 관련성에 있어서도 역할스트레스가 정서적 소진을 통해 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 역할과부하는 정신건강에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으 로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 정서적 소진과 정신건강에 영향을 주는 역할스트레스를 낮출 수 있는 지원방안을 논의하였다.

본 연구는 학령기 비만아동의 생활습관, 식이자기효능감 및 운동자기효능감의 관계와 생활습관에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 G광역시에 소재하는 3개 초등학교의 비만아동 85명이었고 2019년 7월 20일부터 8월 2일까지 자료를 수집하였으며, 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 27.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis로 분석하였다. 대상자의 생활습관에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위하여 다중회귀분석한 결과, 식이자기효능감(β=.406, p=.001)이 큰 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났고, 운동자기효능감(β=.245, p=.038)이 그 다음 순서로 나타났다. 또한 추정된 회귀모형의 적합도에 대한 F통계량은 6.34(p<.001)로 유의하였고, 설명력은 24.2%였다. 따라서 비만아동의 생활습관을 향상시키기 위해서는 식이자기효능감과 운동자기효능감을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 하며, 본 연구는 비만아동 생활습관 향상을 위한 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구의 목적은 장애자녀의 부모 중 기독교인을 대상으로 장애자녀의 양육을 책임지는 부모가 겪는 다 양한 문제를 해결하는데 기독교인 부모의 종교성이 가족건강성에 미치는 영향 관계를 연구하는 것이다. 부 모의 종교 활동이 가족건강성 수준을 높여 장애자녀의 양육과정에서 겪을 수 있는 여러 가지 어려움을 극복 하고 건강한 가족의 삶을 도모하여 행복한 가정을 이루도록 하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 본 연구 분석 방법에 따른 분석결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공적 종교성은 가족건강성의 하위요인인 가족탄력성에 정(+)의 영향을 직접 미치는 것으로 나타 났다. 둘째, 공적종교성은 가족건강성의 하위요인인 상호존중과 수용에 정(+)의 영향을 직접 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 그동안 대부분의 경험적 연구에서 나타난 사적 종교성에 의한 영향관계 연구와는 완전히 다른 결과로 본 연구에서는 공적 종교성에 해당하는 종교의식 및 종교의례의 참여, 종교단체활동 및 자원봉 사활동 등의 외적 종교활동에 의해 종교적 내면의 신심(信心)이 증가하는 의식화를 나타낸 것으로 매우 의 미 있는 연구결과라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 장애자녀를 양육하는 부모의 공적 종교성에 의한 신앙심의 고취 는 건강한 가족의 요소인 가족탄력성과 상호존중 및 수용을 높여 줄 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에 서 공적종교성이 가족탄력성과 상호존중 및 수용에 영향을 미친다는 연구는 그동안 종교성의 하위요인으로 자신의 행동에 대한 신의 판단여부, 삶에서의 종교적 관여수준, 기도, 명상, 영적체험, 성경구절 외우기 등 의 내적종교 활동을 의미하는 사적종교성을 중심으로 한 영향관계 연구결과를 벗어난 새로운 가치를 시사한 것으로 볼 수 있고, 공적종교성을 중심으로 한 종교성의 연구영역을 발견한 것으로 앞으로의 종교성 연구의 확대와 연구발전에 도움이 될 것이라 여겨진다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 장애자녀를 둔 부모가 건강한 가정을 구축하는데 종교성의 중요성을 시사한 것으 로 볼 수 있다. 즉 가족관계에서 협력적 분위기를 조성하여 장애가족과 함께 생활하면서 발생할 수 있는 어 려운 문제를 상호존중하고 수용하고 협력하여 함께 해결해 나가면서 위기상황에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있는 가족탄력성에 영향을 미치는데 공적종교성에 의한 종교 활동의 중요성을 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 장애자녀의 부모가 자신이 주관적으로 인식하는 종교활동의 중요성을 인식하고 건강한 가족을 만 들기 위해 다양한 종교적 활동과 체험을 통해 내면의 긍정적 자아를 키울 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents depending on eating together as a family, based on the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. One day 24-hour recall data of 1,831 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years were collected. The nutritional quality of breakfast was analyzed and compared between Family Breakfast Group (FBG, n=1,410) and Eating-alone Breakfast Group (EBG, n=421). The results showed that age, family structure, number of family members, and frequency of breakfast were associated with eating breakfast as a family. The calorie intake from breakfast explained 19% and 16% of the daily intake for FBG and EBG, respectively. The percentages of children and adolescents consuming Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, Niacin, and Iron less than 1/4 of the Estimated Average Requirements were significantly lower in FBG than in EBG. The average numbers of serving for “Grains” and “Vegetables” food groups and the average Dietary Diversity Score were significantly higher in FBG than in EBG. Overall, the results indicated that eating breakfast as a family is positively associated with nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents.

This study examined the effects of ‘Dietary education for children’s health UP’ (DECHUP) on the changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of nutrition and food safety in 5th grade elementary school students in Incheon. The DECHUP program was conducted from May to October 2018 and consisted of education and activities focusing on the children’s levels of understanding. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 6 weeks after DECHUP using the same method. All data were analyzed using SPSS ver 20.0. The level of knowledge and attitudes of the subjects to nutrition and food safety was significantly higher after than before DECHUP, but the attitude of boys did not show any significant difference after 6 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the behavior for nutrition in the practice of the subjects, there were significant positive changes in the behavior of food safety. The higher the satisfaction of DECHUP, the more positive the change in knowledge, and the more positive the attitude and practice behaviors. Therefore, DECHUP has positive effects on the KAP of the subjects, and it will be helpful for elementary school students to form desirable eating habits if it can be carried out periodically and continuously.

Introduction Despite the rise of digital media, TV remains the number one place children spend their media time (Moses, 2014). Past research has shown that less healthy food and beverages such as those containing high fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) are prominent in TV commercials (e.g., Carter, Patterson, Donovan, Ewing, & Roberts, 2011). In these commercials, various persuasive techniques (e.g., taste/smell, convenience), which promote the purchase of the products, have been used (Hebden, King, & Kelly, 2011). Extensive studies have found that exposure to advertising for HFSS products, including confectionery, soft drinks, crisps or savory snacks, fast food, pre-sugared breakfast cereals, is associated with children‟s cognition, food consumption, and obesity (e.g., Harris, Bargh, & Brownell, 2009; Macklin, 1994; see also Moore, Wilkie, & Desrochers, 2017). Since younger children, especially those in the “perceptual stage” of development, may not understand the persuasive or selling intent of commercials (e.g., John, 1999), they may be vulnerable to this advertising. As a result, several countries such as UK and Ireland (Hawkes, Lobstein, & For the Polmark Consortium, 2011) have introduced restrictions or regulations for broadcasting food and beverage commercials for children. The commercials of HFSS food and beverage have sometimes introduced these products with healthier images and words / phrases like health and nutrition claims. Health claims refer to any representation that states, suggests, or implies that a relationship exists between a food (/beverage) or a constituent of that food (/beverage) and health. Nutrition claims mean any representation which states, suggests or implies that a food (/beverage) has particular nutritional properties including but not limited to the energy value and to the content of protein, fat and carbohydrates, as well as the content of vitamins and minerals (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States & World Health Organization, 2013). Using health messages for HFSS food presents the risk of a biased image of the products (i.e., they are „healthy‟), which may result in unhealthy life styles and conditions. In recent years, there has been regulatory pressure on food advertisers to market their products responsibly (e.g., WHO regulations; Kraak et al., 2016). At the same time, the Children‟s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) emerged, in which several leading companies pledged to market their products to children responsibly (see editorial by Boyland & Harris, 2017). Therefore, we were interested in seeing if food and beverage advertising had changed in 2017. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine the relative frequency of food and beverage commercials targeting children with a focus on healthy aspects of the products, their health and nutrition claims, as well as other persuasive techniques. Method A total of twenty hours of programming targeting children was recorded on Nickelodeon and Cartoon Networks in the United States during the hours of 5 p.m. to 10 p.m. on two weekdays in September 2017. The advertisements were coded for product type (“food”, “beverage”, fast-food restaurant (“Restaurant: Quick-service/fast food restaurant”), and sit-down restaurant (“Restaurant: Sit-down restaurant”), food type (e.g., “confectionary”, “savory snacks”, “pre-prepared convenience foods”, “bread”, “fruits”, and “vegetables”) (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Health Organization, 2016; Suzuki, 2018), and persuasive techniques (e.g., “health claims”, “nutrition claims”, “taste/smell/flavor”, “convenience”, “scientific information”, “celebrities/a well-known person”, and “eating /drinking behavior”) (e.g., Hebden et. al., 2011; Jenkin, Madhvani, Signal & Bowers, 2014; Kraak & Story, 2015; Warren, Wicks, Wicks, Fosu, & Chung, 2008). Food type can be classified into two categories; Less healthy (“confectionary”, “savory snacks”, “sweet bakery wares”, “other sweets/desserts”, “Sugared breakfast cereals”, “pre-prepared convenience foods”) or healthier categories related to other food categories (Ofcom, 2004; Nutrition Australia, 2013; Suzuki, 2018). Seven coders independently evaluated the advertisements, with two coders assigned to every programming block. They were trained for about three weeks to read the coding manual, practice coding and discuss the coding scheme, and revise their coding after receiving feedback of the trial coding. To check coding reliability, two independent coders evaluated the same programs. 94.3% agreement was achieved for product type. Results and discussion A total of 856 commercials appeared. Food and beverage advertisements represented 29.0% (N=248). On average, children were exposed to 12.4 food and beverage advertisements per hour. Of all the food, beverage and restaurant advertisements, “food” and fast-food commercials were frequently broadcasted; 40.7% (N=101) were for “food” commercials, and fast-food restaurant commercials accounted for 43.5% (N=108). 12.1% (N=30) “beverage” commercials and 3.6% (N=9) sit-down restaurant commercials were included. Food, beverage and restaurant commercials were more likely to appear on Nickelodeon (36.2%, N=129) than on the Cartoon network (28.4%, N=419) (χ2=5.43, df=1, p<.05). As for the appearances of product type, “food” advertisements frequently appeared on Nickelodeon (54.6%, N=65), whereas the programs of Cartoon network included a lot of fast food commercials (61.2%, N=79). In examining the appearances of “beverage”, “food”, “fast food”, and “others (except food, beverage, and restaurant)” between the channels, the results showed that the programs of Cartoon network were more likely to broadcast “fast food” commercials than those of Nickelodeon, whereas the programs of Nickelodeon were more likely to broadcast “food” commercials (χ2=38.23, df=3, p<.01)1. The majority of food types were “confectionary” (25.7%, N=26), “savory snacks” (16.8%, N=17), “breakfast cereals” (14.9%, N=15), and “pre-prepared convenience foods” (13.9%, N=14). In classifying various kinds of foods into two big categories related to health (healthier or less healthy) as above-mentioned, less healthy food accounted for 88.1% (N=89). No commercials were categorized into three of the healthier categories (bread, fruits, and vegetables). As persuasive techniques for consumers, “health claims”, and “nutrition claims” were low (8.9%). For example, grape juice produced by Welch‟s used the appeal “sugar free”. In the commercials with nutrition claims, there was no significant difference in the appearance between the “beverage” and “food” commercials (χ2=1.70, df=1, n.s.). The other persuasive techniques like “convenience” (75.8%, N=188), “taste/smell/flavor” (51.2%, N=127), and “eating/drinking behavior” (49.2%, N=122) were frequently used. In contrast, the rates of some techniques (e.g., “celebrities/a well-known person”, “scientific information”) were very low. As for the persuasive technique of “celebrities/a well-known person”, the category of product type was classified in only the “beverage” category. Thus, this study indicated that there were not many less-healthy food commercials that appealed to health and nutrition aspects of the products by using health and nutrition claims, or scientific information. In previous studies, the rate of health and nutrition claims varied between less than 10% to more than 30% (Jenkin et al., 2014). This may be due to the differences in the definitions of health and nutrition claims. Our study referred to the international standard definitions. Therefore, the findings regarding the rate of health and nutrition claims in this study can contribute to overall knowledge about the current spread of health and nutrition claims in “less healthy” food commercials of children‟s television programs. It may also be the case that food companies are acting more responsibly by limiting their persuasion techniques to those that relate to taste or convenience and not by misrepresenting the products as healthy. However, overall, the proportion of less healthy food commercials was high, and various persuasive techniques were used. At the same time, there were no commercials for fruits or vegetables presented during this time frame despite governmental regulations for eating these healthier foods. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the ways that certain foods are promoted (or are not promoted) among parents and policy-makers. As the sample used in this study was recorded only on weekdays and through the two kids' channels. It would be expected that the future study develop the analysis for the recorded commercials on weekends and on the other local channels. The sample used in this study was analyzed only on weekdays and through two children‟s channels. Future research might examine food and beverage advertising across different time frames and channels.

목적: 안경지원제도의 필요성과 그 효과에 대하여 알아보고 안 보건 지원정책 수립에 대한 주요 근거 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2010년 국민건강영양조사 제5기 원시자료를 이용하여 만 6세에서 18세인 1,495명에 대하여 부모의 경제적 요인과 안(눈)건강과의 관계를 분석하였고, 서울 및 경기 소재 지역 아동센터의 청소년(13.43±2.324세) 100명을 대상으로 하여 안경지원 후 시생활의 변화와 안경지원 효과에 대하여 알아보았다. 결과: 근시 유병률은 저소득층에서 60.27%로 고소득층 55.30%보다 높은 유병률을 보였다. 원시 유병률은 저소득층 5.48%, 고소득층 5.06%였고, 난시 유병률은 저소득층이 46.57%, 고소득층 37.88%로 저소득층이 약 9% 정도 유병률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고소득층은 1년 이내에 시력검안을 정기적으로 받은 적이 있다고 답한 사람이 전체에 61.5%인 반면 저소득층에서는 53.23%가 정기적으로 시력검안을 받는다고 하였다. 전체 대상자(11.56±3.550세)의 굴절이상도(-1.86±2.232D)와 지역아동센터를 이용하는 대상(13.43± 2.324세)과 비교하였을 때 지역아동센터 이용 그룹의 굴절이상도(-2.95±2.423)가 더 높았다. 결 론: 사회취약계층에 해당하는 저소득층의 자녀의 유병률이 고소득층 그룹보다 높음을 알 수 있었고, 또한 상대적으로 저소득층에게서 정기적인 시력검진의 기회가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 사회적 취약계층 자녀의 안건강 실태를 파악하여 정상적인 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 지원해 주고 안경지원 정책을 정립화해야 할 것이다.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the health risk level for children exposed to phthalate and identify the pathways including indoor floor dust, surface wipe and hand wipe in elementary-schools and institutes. The samples of indoor place were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 46 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods. Hazard Index (HI) were estimated for the non-carcinogens and the examined phthalate were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP). Risk analysis indicates that did not exceed 0.01 (HI) for all subjects in all facilities it's 50^th % and 95^th % value. For DEHP, DnBP and BBzP their detection rates through multi-pathways were high and their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable.

The aim of this study was to calculate the health risks which children were exposed to trace metals through several pathways including air, floor dust, wipe and hand wipes in elementary-schools and academies. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 46 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods. The lifetime Excess Cancer Risks (ECRs) were estimated for carcinogen trace elements such as As, Cd, and Cr. For carcinogens, the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding Cancer Potency Factor (CPF) and Age Dependent Adjust Factor (ADAF) of the data of adults. Hazard Quotients (HQs) were estimated for the non-carcinogens trace metals like Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb. The average ECRs for young children were 1×10^-9~1×10^-8 (50%th percentile) level in all facilities. Non-carcinogens did not exceed 0.1 for all subjects in all facilities. For trace metals their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds This study was assessed the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure in young children at elementary-schools and academies in Korea. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 42 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods, and analyzed by GC-MSD. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of benzene and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene. In addition, for carcinogens, the excess cancer risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding cancer potency factor (CPF) and age dependent adjust Factor (ADAF) from the data in adults. The average ECRs of benzene for young children were 1×10^-7~1×10^-9 level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

목 적: 본 연구는 부모의 사회·경제적 요인과 초등학생의 눈 건강과의 관계를 확인함으로써 저소득층 학령기 아동의 눈 건강 불평등이 존재하는지를 확인하고자 한다. 방 법: 국민건강영양조사(2009) 데이터를 이용하여 만 7-12세의 초등학생 935명을 대상으로 일반적인 특성과 사회·경제적요인, 눈 건강 관련요인을 χ2 검정하였다. 결 과: 최근 1년간 눈검사 여부, 안경착용비율, 교정시력 1.0이상은 가구소득이 낮을수록 낮은 비율을 보였고, 근시 유병률, 원시 유병률, 자동굴절력계로 측정한 굴절이상도가 ``0~-2D``는 가구 소득이 낮을수록 높은 비율로 나타났다. 결 론: 부모의 사회경제적요인과 눈 건강의 관계를 χ2 검정한 결과 유의하지 않았지만, 유병률과 굴절이상도 등의 비율로 부모의 사회경제적 요인이 아동의 눈 건강에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었고, 저소득층 학령기 아동의 눈 건강 불평등 해소를 위해 정기적인 시력검사와 재보정 기회 제공 등의 중·장기적인 안보건 정책이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

This study assessed the health risk of trace elements in indoor children-facilities by multi-pathway measurements (Air, Dust, Wipe, Hand washing). The samples of indoor place were collected at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) periods, and analyzed by ICP-MS. The lifetime Excess Cancer Risks (ECRs) were estimated for carcinogen trace elements such as As, Cd, Cr and Ni. For carcinogens, the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding Cancer Potency Factor (CPF) and Age Dependent Adjust Factor (ADAF) of the data of adults. Both Hazard Quotients (HQs) and Hazard Index (HI) were estimated for the non-carcinogens and children sensitivity trace elements like Cd, Cu, and Cr. The average ECRs for young children were 1×10^-10~1×10^-6 (50%th percentile) level in all facilities. Non-carcinogens and Children's sensitivity materials did not exceed 1.0 (HQs, HI) for all subjects in all facilities. For trace elements their detection rates through multi-pathways were not high and their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable. In addition, through education on the risk of multi-pathway exposure of trace elements for managers of facilities as well as for users the risk control of exposure of children.

In this study, services for promoting health were provided to kindergarten children. As u-Health services for children, services centered of positioning of children are provided. However, since problems related with obesity and mental health are increasin

This research progresses wellness service for preschool children’s health promotion. The actual preschool children’s health is in progress for a service to consider some special people, and as children’s care service a service for children’s location recognized is inn progress. However, children’s heal custom gives influence upon them till they are adult, and children’s health development state is very important. This research, aiming at this point, provided preschool children with wellness concept youth health service for children’s health promotion, and which as a result of its service performance satisfied their parents, and made a diagnosis in advance for hyperactive children about their mental health.

This study was performed to investigate the concentration of indoor aldehydes in children’s facilities. The samples were collected from various children's facilities (40 playrooms, 42 day-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007), winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) and spring (Mar~Apr, 2008). The ratio of Indoor and outdoor (I/O) of aldehydes exceeds 1.0 and the formaldehyde levels in each child-care facilities were significantly different. We evaluated the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of young children due to indoor aldehyde exposure. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens (benzaldehyde and formaldehyde). Formaldehyde was evaluated for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The average ECRs of formaldehyde for young children were 1×10^-4~1×10^-5 level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

To provide the research strategy for protection of children’s health from hazardous chemical, we reviewed the hazardous chemicals can be exposed through maternity, children's life style and living environment. Recently, diseases related with children’s living condition were focused as asthma, atopy, childhood developmental disability, congenital malformations and obesity. Children can be exposed to hazardous chemicals through an ambient air, water, soil, food, toys and other factors such as floor dust. Also children’s health was deeply related with a wrong life style and neglectful caring by a lack of knowledge and information of harmful ones at parents and child care center’s nursers. According to the previous study, the chemical risk factor of children’s health were identified as inorganic arsenic, bisphenol A, 2,4-D, dichlorvos, methylmercury, PCBs, pesticide, phthalates, PFOA/PFOS, vinyl chloride, et al. Domestic studies for identification of causality between children exposure to chemicals and resulted hazardous effects were not implemented. The confirmation of chemical risk factors through simultaneously performing toxicological analysis, human effect study, environmental/human monitoring, and risk assessment is needed for good risk management. And also, inter-agency collaboration and sharing information can support confirming scientific evidence and good decision making.