In this study, a smart bench was developed and researched smart benches that can contribute to user convenience and satisfaction by installing them in parks, bus stops, and tourist attractions in line with the rapidly changing construction of smart cities. The smart bench is automatically operated by the control system according to the external temperature and provides additional functions such as charging, lighting, and advertising to improve general bench functions as well as heating in winter and cooling in summer, making it suitable for smart urbanization. The developed smart bench is designed to be strong enough to withstand loads of about 2,500 N. It minimizes the visible parts such as assembled bolts and 220V power supply wires, It can also give aesthetic effects. The development was carried out with the aim of waterproofing and dustproofing of IP44 grade in accordance with the climate of Republic of Korea, which has four seasons, and it is advantageous for long-term use because the paint was selected for the weather ability (discoloration) grade 3 or higher. If smart bench is commercialized, it is believed that various options can be provided to the smart bench market, where buyers had few product options, as the parts were developed in an assembled type so that all functions can be responded in an optional form according to the installation environment and the buyer's budget.

The main objective of the study is to investigate multichannel consumer choices between supermarkets and convenience stores when consumers buy products in the beverage category. The methodology involves both questionnaire surveys through fieldwork and purchase history data in Japan.

본 연구는 제15차(2019) 청소년건강행태조사의 원시자료를 활용하여 생물-심리-사회 모델을 바탕으로 우리나라 청소년의 편의식품 섭취 경험의 영향요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 생물학적 요 인으로 성별, 학년, 아토피 피부염이 주요 요인으로 분석되었으며, 심리학적 요인으로는 스트레스 인지 수 준, 우울감 경험, 자살 생각 여부, 주관적 수면충족, 주관적 건강상태, 신체활동, 현재 흡연과 음주 경험이 영향요인으로 확인되었다. 또한 사회학적 요인으로는 영양 및 식이 교육, 아침식사 여부, 학업 성적, 주관 적 경제상태, 동거가족 여부가 청소년의 편의식품 섭취 경험에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결 과를 바탕으로 청소년의 건강한 식습관 관리를 위해서는 실효성 있는 영양 및 식이교육 프로그램 제공과 정서적 지지가 필요하며, 가족 구성원을 교육 대상에 포함시키는 등 다각적이고 체계적인 대책마련이 필요 하다.

This paper analyzes the need to strengthen the law applicable to Flag of Convenience (FoC) States and vessels with the goal of sustaining fish stocks and combatting overfishing on the high seas. FoC States and vessels can escape law enforcement conducted by the other flag states. Due to the lack of political will of FoC States to enforce the law and obligations imposed on FoC vessels to conduct conservation on the high seas, FoC vessels instead contribute significantly to the deterioration of fish stocks on the high seas. FoC vessels overexploit these resources and engage in illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, which harms the fish stocks on the high seas. The results of the study indicate that there are some legal lacunas in international legal obligations for FoC States and vessels to conserve the fish stocks on the high seas. Existing international legal instruments are ineffective in combating over-exploitation of fish stocks on the high seas by FoC vessels. Hence, strengthen the laws applicable to the FoC States and FoC vessels is urgently needed.

The purpose of this study was to explore the marketability by developing a fresh HMR product for improving hyperlipidemia and dieting for elderly chronic disease patients and young people pursuing healthy beauty. The diet menu increased the ratio of fresh vegetables and mushrooms, and chicken breast and cheese were used as protein sources. By using whole grains, the supply of vitamins and minerals was strengthened while minimizing calories. Regarding the recipe, the diet menu was mainly prepared in the form of salads, risotto, and pasta. In the hyperlipidemia improvement menu, the proportion of fresh vegetables was increased, and as protein sources, pork shank, tofu, seafood, etc. with minimal fat were used. As a carbohydrate source, whole grains were mainly used to minimize calories while strengthening the supply of vitamins and minerals. In the recipe, it was prepared in the form of steamed or bibim-myeon, and it was also produced in a form such as paella. As a result, the developed menu was analyzed as low-calorie and evenly comprised of essential nutrients, which can satisfy palatability and nutrition.

본 연구에서는 고령자의 자가 점유율이 높다는 점에 착안하여 주거공 간에서 사회관계망을 확대할 수 있는 방안에 대해 연구한다. 해외 사례 분석을 통해 IT를 기본으로하는 에이징테크(Aging-Tech) 산업을 활용하 여 고령자 생활편의를 제공하고 사회관계망의 확대를 통해 고령자의 삶 의 질을 향상할 수 있는 세 가지 방안을 제안하였다. 첫째, 스마트홈으로 고령자의 안전한 가정생활 실현 및 건강관리 보조가 연계된 방향으로 개발되어야 한다. 둘째, 양방향 TV 서비스의 지원이 필요하다. 이를 통해 고령자가 쉽게 사회적 관계 네트워크를 형성할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 셋째, 고령자의 신체노화로 인해 기기에 대한 활용도가 떨어진다는 점을 고려해 음성형 지원 프로그램 개발도 필요하다. 포스트코로나 이후 집단 돌봄에 대한 근본적 해결 요구와 가정 중심 서비스에 대한 관심이 더욱 더 증가할 것으로 예상되기 때문이다. 따라서 고령자의 안전한 생활을 영위하고 사회적 네트워크 형성을 통한 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 방향으로 에이징테크(Aging-Tech) 산업을 활용하여 고령친화산업을 발전시켜야 한다.

간편식 형태의 이유식 중 죽 44건, 진밥 40건, 퓌레 11 건, 분말 6건으로 총 101건의 무기질(철, 아연, 칼슘, 마그네슘) 함량을 마이크로웨이브 분해장치로 분해하여 ICPOES로 분석하였다. 무기질의 유형별 평균 함량은 철 0.05- 0.45 mg/100 g(mg/10 g, 분말), 아연 0.06-0.29 mg/100 g(mg/ 10 g, 분말), 칼슘 3.07-6.65 mg/100 g(mg/10 g, 분말), 마그네슘 2.46-5.93 mg/100 g(mg/10 g, 분말)으로 나타났다. 철, 아연, 칼슘, 마그네슘의 권장섭취량(KDRIs)과 비교하였을 때 권장섭취량 대비 각각 2.74-22.35%(평균 11.10%), 5.94- 28.95%(평균 21.91%), 3.07-6.65%(평균 4.47%), 13.42-38.95% (평균 22.85%)이었다. 시판되는 간편 이유식만으로는 생후 6개월 이후 각각의 무기질 권장섭취량을 충분히 섭취할 수 없어 조제식이나 모유를 통한 영양소 섭취가 필요하다. 충분한 무기질 섭취를 위해서는 각각 영양소의 주요 급원 식품을 파악하고 부족한 영양소를 섭취할 수 있는 간편 이유식을 선택하는 것을 권장한다. 아울러 제조회사에서 는 우리나라 영유아시기에 부족해지기 쉬운 철, 칼슘 등 의 영양소를 강화한 재료를 이유식 제조에 사용·표기하여 영유아의 성장발달에 필요한 영양소가 균형 있게 공급될 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

목적 : 본 연구는 지체장애 근로자의 근로환경인 장애인 편의시설과 편의제공 현황을 살펴보고 이에 따른 직무만족도의 차이와 장애인 편의시설과 편의제공이 지체장애 근로자의 직무만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2018년 한국장애인고용공단에서 실시한 2차 웨이브 3차 장애인고용패널조사 원자료를 활용하여, 3차 조사 당시 임금근로자로 종사하고 있는 지체장애인 927명의 자료를 최종적으로 분 석하였다. 본 연구에 필요한 문항만 선별하여 독립표본 t-검정과 일원배치 분산분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 : 지체장애 근로자의 성별 연령, 학력, 장애형태에 따라서 직무만족도에 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 장애정도에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 장애인 편의시설은 5개 항목 전체에서 설치되어 있는 경우 지체장애 근로자의 직무만족도가 유의하게 높았다. 편의제공은 근무시간 조정, 업무 수행 시 타인의 도움, 작업에 대한 지도 및 직장생활 상담, 장애인 편의시설 설치 항목을 제공 받은 경우 직무만족도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 지체장애 근로자는 장애인 편의시설의 개수가 증가할수록, 편의제공 개수가 증가할수록 직무만족도가 유의하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 장애인고용패널조사 빅데이터 분석결과를 통해 지체장애 근로자의 근로환경의 중요성을 확인하고 지체장애 근로자의 직무만족도 향상을 위해 직업재활 분야 전문가의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 작업치료사의 직업재활 업무 수행에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자의 편의성과 안전성을 고려하여 목욕 활동의 효율성을 증진 시킬 수 있는 목욕의자 개발과 이의 효과성 검증에 목적을 두었다. 연구방법 : 대상자는 광역시 소재 재활병원에 입원 중인 뇌졸중 환자 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구로서 전문가집단을 대상으로 델파이 조사와 뇌졸중환자의 개선사항에 대한 의견수렴을 거쳐 개발한 목욕의자 프로 토타입을 사용하였다. 평가도구는 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), 설문(사용성 평가, 개방형설문), Korean version of Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction Assistive Technology (K-QUEST 2.0)를 활용하였다. 통계분석으로 목욕의자 프로토타입 사용 전·후에 대해 t-test 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 목욕의자 프로토타입 사용 전·후 평과결과, 목욕용품사용과 샤워기사용 자세에 대한 REBA의 조 치수준이 ‘높음’에서 각각 ‘보통’과 ‘낮음’으로 낮아졌으며, 사용성 평가항목인 편리성은 ‘적절’, 그 외 7개 항목에서는 ‘보통’, 사용 후 만족도는 효과성에서 ‘만족’, 그 외 7개 항목에서는 ‘보통’이라는 의견을 제시 하였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 개발한 목욕의자가 뇌졸중 환자의 목욕활동에 대한 편의성과 안전성을 높이는데 효과 적일뿐만 아니라 신체적 부담도 줄일 수 있는 보조기로서 역할을 기대한다.

[Purpose] It aims to suggest the differential factors to enhance the customer satisfaction and to activate the shopping in the convenience store (CVS). [Methodology] Convenience store service convenience (CVS SERVCON) was developed at the first time and the gap of relative importance level between the owners and the consumers was assessed by AHP analysis method..[Findings] First, the importance of access convenience was assessed as the first priority in both CVS owners’ group and the consumers’ group, while the detailed elements showed the differences which required the improvements. Based on the consumers’ assessment, the importance of location was relatively low. They assessed relatively high on 24 hours operation of CVS and personal services. Second with respect to the transaction convenience, CVS owners’ group rated it as the fourth priority while the consumers’ group rated as the second, which requires the improvement. Third in terms of benefit utility and value-added service of post-benefit convenience which are the sub-factors of benefit convenience, the rate on the importance from the consumers showed higher than that from the owners, which requires the improvement. [Implications] Based on this study results, CVS operating companies are anticipated to be able to satisfy the customers, moreover, to secure the loyal customers if they concentrate the resources to develop the differentiation strategy on the areas where the consumers’ demands are high while performs the maintenance strategy on the areas where their demands are low. In addition, this study contributed the theoretical expansion of SERVCON upon development of CVS SERVCON to comply with its definition.

Introduction Japanese convenience-store (CVS) chain retailers have grown by establishing store networks. In fact, Seven-Eleven, Lawson and Family Mart continuingly have opened about 1000 new stores per year. The reason for the rapid growth of their store-networks is that a key aspect of a chain retailer’s marketing strategy is the number of stores its needs to reach its customers (Srinivasan et al. 2013). In particular, CVS chain retailers seek to open new stores and obtain spatial dominance in a particular geographical area, which is called “area-dominance strategy,” so they can save on logistical costs, increase consumer proximity and loyalty, and prevent rival from opening new stores in the area (Ogawa 2004, Tamura 2014, Nishida 2014). Thus, a retailer’s decision of how to expand store-network in a given regional market is important to improve its sales. However, little attention has been paid to this problem in Japanese academic research. This study attempts to explain the influence of entry of rivals on a focal retailer’s store-network in regional markets of Japanese CVS industry. Especially, the author focuses on the regional competition between a focal retailer who is the first entrant and rivals who are late entrants in the region. First, we review prior research, and then propose hypotheses about the influence of entry of rivals, the degree of dominance of a focal retailer, and entry of rivals in multiple regions, on the number of the focal retailer stores. This is followed by an empirical analysis with panel data. Last, we discuss some implications and direction for future research. Literature Review and Proposed Hypothesis Entry of rival stores Prior research suggests that the existence of rival chain stores in the same market decreases the store-revenue of the focal retailer (Erickson et al. 2013, Nishida 2014).When rival retailers open the large number of new stores in a regional market, the focal retailer may be taken away their business of existing stores and latent new stores, so the focal retailer will be forced to close existing stores and slow down the pace of opening new stores. Then, we propose following hypothesis: H1: In a regional market, the higher the number of net increase of rival stores is, the lower the net increase of focal retailer stores is. Dominance of the focal retailer According to prior research, CVS chain retailers benefit from area-dominance (opening own stores aggressively in a given region), because it enables retailers to reduce their distribution and promotion cost, increase consumer loyalty and their power against manufactures (Ogawa 2004, Tamura 2014, Nishida 2014). If the focal retailer has already established a high density store-network, and had strong relationships with its customers and manufactures in the regional market, they will be less likely to suffer from entry of rival chain stores, and they will be able to continue expanding their store-network. These arguments lead to: H2: In a regional market, the higher the degree of dominance of the focal retailer is, the smaller the negative effect of entry of rival stores is. Entry of rival stores in multi-market Though H1 and H2 do not consider multi-market competition among chain retailers, this macro-level competition may have a great impact on their competitive action in a given region (Chen 1996). When a rival entries to multiple regions simultaneously where the focal retailer has already operated, the focal retailer will delay its decision making and competitive responses, so the impact of entry of rival will be larger (Poter 1980, Ferrir 2001, Boyd and Bresser 2008). Therefore, we propose following hypotheses: H3a: The higher the number of regions which rival entry is, the bigger the negative effect of entry of rival chain stores is. H3b: The higher the number of net increase of rival stores across the regions is, the bigger the negative effect of entry of rival chain stores is. Methodology To test the proposed hypotheses (see FIGURE 1), we collected panel data from the Census of CVS Market, which includes the number of stores of Japanese CVS chain retailers in each prefecture. Due to the restriction of data availability, we treated prefectures as the unit of regional market, and focused on the cases that Lawson was the first entrant, and Seven-Eleven and Family-Mart ware the later entrants in prefectures. Accordingly, the sample was limited in space to 17 prefectures, and limited in time to the period from the year that Seven-Eleven or Family-Mart opened their stores for the first time to 2014. Results We tested the hypotheses using panel date analysis by fixed effects model. The estimated results are shown in FIGURE 2. Regarding our hypotheses H1, involving the negative effect of rival entry on the focal retailer’s store-network, is not supported. However, the interaction of “the dominance of the focal retailer” with “rival entry” and the interaction of “rival entry in multiple regions” with “rival entry” are significant, although their signs of coefficients differ depending on whether the rival is seven-eleven or family-mart. Thus, hypotheses H2 and H3b are supported in part. Implication and Future Research Our findings have several important implications. First, our empirical results suggest that the effect of rival entry on a focal retailer’s store-network depends on (1) rival’s position in CVS industry, (2) the focal retailer’s dominance, and (3) rival’s multiple entry. Second, when a rival has a superior position than the focal retailer, dominance advantage of the focal retailer increases the negative effect of rival entry, which is contrary to our expectation. This implies that enhancement of the density of own store-network will cause cannibalization, so each store of a focal retailer may be highly vulnerable to entry by a rival who has superior competitive position (i.e. Seven-Eleven). Finally, multiple entry by a rival in superior position reinforces the negative effect of their entry on expansion of the focal retailer’s store-network in the regional market. Though this study was a rare attempt to explain regional competition among Japanese CVS chain retailers empirically, it did not include the prefectures that Seven-Eleven and Family-Mart were the first entrants. This may limit generality of the empirical results, hence it is valuable to take this problem into consideration in future research.

With the development of technology, mobile fingerprint instruments are now actively introduced to consumers as a secure and convenient solution to problems related to identity control and authorization verification management in m-payment systems. This study aims to reveal whether consumers’ inference about a tradeoff between convenience and security still influences today’s m-payment environments. A presumed research model was proposed and tested using structural equation modeling to explore the effects of perceived security, privacy, and convenience of Touch ID in-app payments on attitude toward and usage intention of the technology, mediated by perceived risk and trust. The results (n = 406) revealed that perceived privacy, security, and convenience of Touch ID in-app payments directly or indirectly influenced consumer attitude toward the technology, also trust and perceived risk significantly mediated the effects of such factors on attitude, predicting usage intention. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications, particularly for the development and marketing of retailer’s in-app payments.

Jang, In Chull & Yang, In Young. 2018. “Linguistic Representations of Korean Immigrant English in North American Media Space: An Analysis of Appa's English in Kim's Convenience”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2), 1~36. With the increasing importance of the mass media in social life and the linguistic changes it incurs, sociolinguistic research on linguistic representations in cinematic discourse has been increasing recently. Situated within this growing body of emerging scholarship in sociolinguistics, this study examines how Korean immigrant English is represented in a Canadian TV sitcom, Kim’s Convenience. Drawing on the perspective that linguistic performances in fictional discourse serve as resources for sociolinguistic styling and characterization, this paper investigates how the linguistic representations of Korean immigrant English contribute to authenticating the character of a middle-aged male Korean immigrant called Appa in the TV series. For this purpose, Appa's English used throughout the TV series' first season (13 episodes) was analyzed at the phonological, syntactic, lexical, thematic, and semiotic levels. The analysis revealed that each linguistic level shows distinct but concerted efforts regarding the authentication of Appa as a Korean immigrant. The phonological features of his English effectively share those of Korean English, whereas the syntactic representations are characteristic of a simple register. The lexical, thematic, and semiotic representations additionally reinforce Appa's “Koreanness” through the sitcom's integration of topics and images related to Korean culture.

This study investigates what consumption values affect attitude and behavioral intentions toward a premium lunch box at a convenience store using VAB(Value-Attitude-Behavior) model. The main survey was conducted by a research company by means of an online survey in the form of a self-administered questionnaire. The samples were limited to customers who had tried the premium lunch box before. The survey was conducted in October 2016. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 for Windows and AMOS 21.0. A structural equation model(SEM) was used to verify the proposed relationships among the study variables. Three factors representing the value of the premium lunch box were identified: social & functional value, economic value, and epistemic value. The finding showed that these values had a positive effect on attitude toward the premium lunch box and that attitude had a positive effect on behavioral intentions.