본 연구는 OECD 국가와 우리나라 간호인력의 현황 및 변화추이를 비교분석하여 간호인력의 수급 방향 을 제시코자 한다. 2000년부터 2015년까지의 자료를 분석한 결과, OECD 국가들은 크게 두 가지 방식 을 취하고 있었다. 첫째, 면허인력(11.6%) 보다는 활동 간호인력(19.2%) 증가에 초점을 맞추고 있었고, 활동 간호인력을 증가시키기 위한 방법으로 면허인력을 증가시키기 보다는 병상 수를 꾸준히 감소 (-15.8%)시켰다. 그 결과 간호인력의 높은 노동강도와 이직의 주요 요인으로 작용하는 ‘100병상 당 간호 인력 수’가 증가(33.7%)하였고, 이는 활동 간호사의 증가로 이어졌다. 둘째, OECD 국가들은 양질의 간 호서비스 제공을 위해 활동 간호인력 중 ‘간호사 대비 간호보조 인력의 비율’을 20% 수준으로 유지해왔 다. 반면, 우리나라는 면허 간호인력(62.2%)과 병상 수(148.0%)를 지속적으로 늘려 왔다. 그 결과 ‘100병 상 당 간호인력’이 OECD 국가 중 가장 적고, ‘인구 1000명 당 활동 간호사수’는 OECD 평균(6.93명)의 50% 이하 수준(3.1명)에 머무르고 있다. 그리하여 ‘간호사 대비 간호조무사 비율’은 OECD 평균의 2배 이상인 상황이다. 따라서 향후 간호인력 수급 정책의 방향은 양적 확대―간호대학의 입학정원 증원을 통한―보다는 간호인력 보유와 적정 간호인력 구성에 초점을 맞추어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Objective: To explore the medicinal and health value of tea, to deepen our understanding of using tea as a form of therapy and its cultural connotation, and to provide an effective therapy within the field of natural healing. Methods: This paper aims to reveal the special value of tea therapy and its cultural connotation by looking back on the history of tea culture and basing the research on traditional Chinese medicine literature. This paper looks back upon the important books of traditional Chinese Medicine and tea theory to analyze the health effects of tea and the historical changes of the methods of using and drinking tea. At the same time we explore the medicinal effect of different varieties of tea and how they affect different groups of people. Through the analysis of the relevant social and cultural background, that is, the unique natural and human environment of China, including the influence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism on how drinking tea improves health, we discuss the unique role of tea culture in improving health. Conclusion: Using tea therapy to improve health has had a long history in China, and its medicinal history can be traced back to the period of Shen Nong, which was thousands of years ago. The medical books and tea books of the past dynasties all recorded the medicinal effects of tea. Tea is the most common health drink. Tea has been integrated into Chinese Medicine throughout the ages, such as taking medical herbs with tea, or drinking Chinese medicine as tea drinks. Tea therapy can be used by different means, such as oral administration and external use. As for the methods of drinking tea, they have evolved from boiling tea to brewing tea. New tea making methods not only make its application more convenient, it also improves the medicinal value of tea. Now days, there are six main kinds of tea in China, and each of them have their different medicinal effects and the best way to drink them. Tea therapy is not only the substance of tea itself. It also includes the environment (nature and people) in which the tea is drunk and the tea’s cultural connotation. These make up the main components of tea therapy. The natural integration of the physical and cultural qualities of tea is the highest realm of tea therapy.

본 연구의 목적은 사회복지적 원조방안의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 말기 암환자 부양 가족 102명의 건강증진행위에 대한 지각된 주관적 건강상태, 사회적 지지, 자아효 능감의 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 조사 대상자들은 임의표집하여 자기보고 건강척도, 대 인관계 지지 평가척도, 자아효능감척도, 건강증진 생활양식척도를 사용한 자기보고질문 지로 응답하였다. 조사 자료의 분석은 SPSS 15.0을 이용하여 기술통계분석, t-검정, 분산 분석, 상관관계분석, 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 조사 대상자들의 건강증진행위의 평균점수는 비교적 높게 나타났다. 세부 영역으로 실천 정도가 가장 높은 영역은 스트레스 관리이며, 가장 낮은 영역은 자아실현으로 나타 났다. 둘째, 건강증진행위와 지각된 건강상태, 사회적 지지, 자기효능감간에는 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 사회적 지지는 말기 암환자 부양 가족의 건강증진행위 예측 요인으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 사회적 지지망의 이용, 자기효능감의 증진을 반영하는 복지서비스 투입이 사회복지 실천에 있어서 효과적인 부양 가족을 위한 개입으로 제안되었다.

목 적: 이 설문 연구의 목적은 의료민영화와 안경원 법인화 정책에 대한 안경사들의 인식을 조사하는 것 이었다. 방 법: 2014년 6월부터 8월까지 서울 지역에서 근무하는 임상안경사 100명을 대상으로 대면 설문 조사 를 실시하였다. 설문 대상자 가운데 안경원 원장이 48명이고 고용 안경사가 52명이었다. 결 과: 의료민영화와 안경원 법인화 문제에 대한 인식도는 높은 편이었으며, 반대 의견이 매우 많았다. 안경사들은 의료민영화 문제에 대해서는 의료서비스의 소비자로서 반응하고, 안경원 법인화 문제에 대해서 는 공급자로서 반응하는 양상을 나타냈다. 안경원 법인화 문제에 대해서 고용 안경사 집단에 비해 안경원 원 장 집단이 더 강한 반대 의견과 비관적인 예상을 보였다. 결 론: 안경사들은 의료민영화 문제가 어느 정도 안경원 법인화 문제와 연결되어 있다고 인식하고 있었으 나, 그 영향에 대해서는 일반 국민들과 마찬가지로 자신들이 의료서비스의 소비자 위치에 있다고 생각하고 있었다. 고용 안경사들에 비해 안경원 원장들이 안경원 법인화에 더 비관적이고 강하게 반대하고 있었다.

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) detected frequently in the indoor air of child-care centers causes neurological disorders, lung, eyes, and bronchial irritation, and acute and chronic toxicity. In this study, the distributions of carcinogenic VOCs detected in child-care centers were characterized and a health risk assessment of the VOCs was performed, which can provide the necessary information for drawing up safety plans with respect to the concerned materials. The sampling of sites in day-care centers was undertaken two times: in the morning (10:00~12:00), and afternoon(16:00~20:00)-at 23 daycare centers located in Seoul, Korea from April, 2012 to July, 2012. The overall average concentrations of individual VOCs were benzene(1.61 μg/m3) > carbon tetrachloride (0.78 μg/m3) > chloroform(0.67 μg/m3) in order. Indoor/outdoor(I/O) ratios of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform were 1.33, 1.09, 1.72, respectively. Benzene and carbon tetrachloride are thought to be more strongly associated with outdoor sources as compared to chloroform. Spearman correlation of benzene, carbon tetrachloride between indoor and outdoor concentration showed statistically significant levels(p < 0.05). The linear correlations for benzene, styrene, and carbon tetrachloride were tested. A significant correlation was observed only for carbon tetrachloride, accounting for 83 % of the variance. The risk assessment of the carcinogenic VOCs for teachers, infants, and children showed that none of the targeted VOCs posed a serious risk.

There is increased recognition of prisoners’ rights to healthcare and the right to be protectedagainst inhumane and degrading treatment. A prisoner has a right to the healthcare equivalent of any person in their community. This trend has encouraged many correctionalpolicymakers to engage in efforts to improve the levels of correctional healthcare in thecontext of human rights and to establish international standards of correctional healthcare,such as those cited in ‘Making Standard Work’ and ‘Health in Prisons’. This study compressed the issues of the right to healthcare into four parts and applied to the correctional healthcare system in Korea. In Korea, according to the results of the study,the right to healthcare of inmates in correctional institutions is guaranteed to some extent, but the gap between the normative frame and the reality is prominent. First, in the living conditions at correctional institutions, the problem of overcrowding is remarkably noticeable. With respect to ensuring correctional medical resources, a shortage of medicalpersonnel and the inferior state of the sickrooms that do not meet the criteria were found.Particularly, focusing on outside medical care, the issue of correctional medical expenditurehas been highlighted, due to the continuous increase in medical costs. Finally, the efforts for health promotion and treatment of mental health care are merely formalities. In orderto reduce the gap between international standards and actual conditions of correctionalinstitutions and to promote these rights effectively, close cooperation between the responsiblebodies is required.

우리나라 矯正行政은 여러 분야에 걸쳐 눈부신 변화와 발전을 거듭하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 여전히 어려움을 겪고 있는 분야가 있다. 그것은 矯正醫療의 핵심축을 담당하고 있는 의사인력 需給에 관한 부분이다. 이 연구의 목적은 교정의료 전반에 관한 의무관들의 인식을 알아보고자 했다. 이를 근거로 직무만족도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 방안과 더불어 의사채용을 활성화 시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색해 보았다. 전국의 4곳의 지방청 35개 기관에 근무하는 57명의 의무관이 설문에 참여해 주었다. 분석방법은 빈도분석과 기술분석을 위주로 차이분석(T-test), 상관분석을 부분적으로 사용하였고 통계프로그램은 SPSS Version 13. 을 활용 하였다. 이 연구의 결과, 직무만족도는 5점척도 2.98점으로 비교적 낮은 만족도를 보였다. 응답자의 50.9%가 진료환경이 열악하다고 답했고, 조직문화는 주요 스트레스 요인으로 나타났다. 상관관계 분석에서 ′근무환경에 대한 만족도' 는 직무 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치며, 그 다음은 '직무에 대한 의미와 가치인식' 와 '수용자에 대한 공감노력 정도‘ 가 직무 만족도에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 조사 되었다. 위의 연구 결과를 근거로, 의사인력의 안정적인 확보를 위해 채용대상의 인력 풀(Pool)과 고용의 형태를 기관의 사정에 맞게 다양화하는 방안을 고려해야 한다. 직무만족도를 높이기 위해 근무환경이 기관별 맞춤으로 개선되어야 하고, 직원과 수용자간에는 공감, 직원 상호간에는 신뢰와 포용을 기반으로 하는 개방적 공동체 문화가 조성되어야 한다. 교정의료의 의미와 가치를 서로 공유 할 수 있는 소통의 場마련은 자긍심 고취에 도움이 될 것이다. 이러한 변화 노력은 현직 의무관들로 하여금 선후배 동료의사들에게 교정의료를 자발적으로 홍보하도록 이끌어 주는 동기부여가 되어 줄 것이다.

New health care services are salient in the supply chain. The market success of new health care services depends on the knowledge-based view to integrate organizational knowledge and attain service innovation performance. This study suggests that the hospitals integrate total market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation as organizational knowledge to sustain marketing operations advantages and achieve market performance in the new health care service supply chain.

This study examined the job satisfaction and characteristics of dietitians working in an elderly health care facility. The subjects for the study were 116 dietitians who work in an elderly health care facility across the country. The following lists the items affecting the total satisfaction on each element of the job: the nature of work (4.20), coworkers (4.02), supervision (3.83), communication (3.81), pay (3.22), operating conditions (3.16), fringe benefits (3.05) and promotion (2.78). Regarding supervision, regular employees (3.90) had higher satisfaction than non-regular employees (3.11), and for fringe benefits, regular employees (3.10) had higher satisfaction than non-regular employees (2.52). Regarding fringe benefits, those with less than 10 years experience showed higher satisfaction than with more than 10 years'. In terms of the job characteristics, the following were found to affect job satisfaction: the task identity (3.33), variety (3.27), autonomy (3.18), feedback (3.05), friendship opportunities (3.01) and dealing with others (2.82) were listed in the highest order. For task identity, more than 41 years old (3.53) had a significantly higher score. Regarding diversity, graduate schools (3.37) had a significantly higher score. In terms of income, those earning more than 2 million won (3.37 and 3.26) showed higher scores in autonomy and friendship opportunities than those earning less than 1.5 million won (2.79 and 2.57).

본 연구의 목적은 사회복지적 원조방안의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 치매노인 부양 가족 101명의 건강증진행위에 대한 지각된 주관적 건강상태, 자아효능감, 사회적 지지의 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 조사 대상자들은 임의표집하여 자기보고 건강 척도, 자아효능감척도, 대인관계 지지 평가 척도, 건강증진 생활양식 척도를 사용한 자기보고질문지로 응답하였다. 조사 자료의 분석은 SPSS 13.0을 이용하여 기술통계분석, t-검정, 분산분석, 상관관계분석, 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사 대상자들의 건강증진행위의 평균점수는 132.21점으로 높게 나타났다. 세부 영역으로 실천 정도가 가장 높은 영역은 스트레스 관리이며, 가장 낮은 영역은 자아실현으로 나타났다. 둘째, 건강증진행위와 지각된 건강상태, 자기효능감, 사회적 지지간에는 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 자기효능감은 치매노인 부양 가족의 건강증진행위 예측 요인으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 자기효능감과 자아실현의 증진, 사회적 지지망의 이용을 반영하는 복지서비스 투입이 사회복지 실천에 있어서 부양 가족을 위한 효과적인 개입으로 제안되었다.

In this study, a survey was carried out on 208 students at middle schools in Gyeonggi-do through May 1 to July 20, 2011, with the purpose of figuring out how eating attitudes of middle school students affect their psychological achievement and self control. The results were as follows. First, the effect of eating attitudes on the psychological achievement of middle school students demonstrated that regular dietary life, dietary life and health had a statistically significant positive effect on psychological achievement. Second, the effect of eating attitudes on self control in middle school students showed that balanced dietary life, dietary life and health had a statistically significant positive effect on self control. The above findings confirmed that regular and healthy dietary life connected directly with health, which was a factor that makes them think positively about psychological achievement. Besides, for eating self control, as balanced dietary life in eating attitudes was important. And as this had a positive effect on their self control, could improve their eating attitudes. Consequently, the regular eating attitudes and balanced dietary life in eating attitudes of middle school students can make their psychological achievement and eating self control for the nutrition and health care.

Proper skin care promotes good metabolism and the biological activity of skin, helps maintain the skin in a healthy and beautiful state when combined with nutritional nourishment. Health functional foods are being used for the purpose of enhancing efficient skin care. Health functional foods related to skin care maintain the epidermis, dermal fibroblast layer and subcutaneous tissue that form the skin. Efficient functional foods alleviate the signs of endogenous aging that come with getting older and exogenous aging caused by sunlight. Even though the field of skin care related to health functional foods has received less attention and been the subject of less research compared to functional cosmetics which are developing widely, this area of skin care that maintains and improves the layer of dermal fibroblast through the intake of food, is expected to progress with the commercialization of products in many fields when the related technical research development is galvanized and the related patents are applied for. Research into health functional foods related to skin care in Korea started rather late in comparison to other advanced countries where patents for relevant techniques have been applied for since 1990's together with research conducted on how they might be used for practical purposes. This study used the key words ‘skin care, health functional food’ to search for Korean patents that have been applied for at the Korean Intellectual Property Office from 1983 to 2011 using the KIPRIS database, in order to help researchers in the related fields by organizing the patented formulas for health functional foods for skin care which have gained attention recently. According to the number of registrations in each industry field, the total number of patents was 1, 120 we screened the major patents among them, the field with the largest number was food foodstuff non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) with 135, then natural plant medicine & medical supplies and cosmetics(A61K) with 112, microorganisms or enzymes(C12N) with 63, heterocyclic compounds(C07D) with 44, horticulture or cultivation of sea weeds, forestry(A01G) 16 times, listed from the highest to the lowest number of applications. It has been revealed that food, foodstuff, non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) was the industry field where the most patents for health functional foods related to skin care were registered.

In this study, services for promoting health were provided to kindergarten children. As u-Health services for children, services centered of positioning of children are provided. However, since problems related with obesity and mental health are increasin

This research progresses wellness service for preschool children’s health promotion. The actual preschool children’s health is in progress for a service to consider some special people, and as children’s care service a service for children’s location recognized is inn progress. However, children’s heal custom gives influence upon them till they are adult, and children’s health development state is very important. This research, aiming at this point, provided preschool children with wellness concept youth health service for children’s health promotion, and which as a result of its service performance satisfied their parents, and made a diagnosis in advance for hyperactive children about their mental health.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of quality of life and related factors among the elderly in Korea. In particular, we focused on factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly in long term care. We used the third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) from 2005. We sampled a total of 3,571 (10.5%) elderly from the national survey. We compared the mean of quality of life to socioeconomic status, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), health behavior, and disease variables. We used EuroQol-5D among KNHANES to assess the quality of life. In this study, the mean score of the quality of life among the elderly was 2.57. Logistic regression showed that the elderly who were male, with spouses, with health insurance, and with good ADL levels enjoyed higher quality of life scores and odds ratios than those who were female, divorced, uninsured, and with low ADL levels (p<.05). The quality of life of the elderly was affected by socioeconomic, ADL, health behavior and disease variables. To improve long term care and the quality of life among the elderly, we need detailed research to clarify the effects of these factors.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships between the socioeconomic condition, health attitude and the eye health of the elderly. Thereupon, this study is attributed to promote the eye health of the elderly. Data were collected through questionnaire by one-to-one interview in a community. The content of original questionnaires were revised by literature review and the pilot study. The sample was consisted of 285 elderly with a mean age of 71.8 years. In the study group, female was 52.3% and male was 47.7%, respectively. In age group, over 80 years was 16.5%, 75-79 was 21.0%, 70-74 was 29.5%, 65-69 was 26.0% and 60-64 was 7.0%. In maritai status, married and living with spouse was 54.4%, widowed was 45.6%. The elderly were suffering with diseases of arthritis(33.3%), hypertension(20.1%), cataract(14.2%) and diabetes(9.7%), respectively. Socioeconomics conditions were measured with monthly allowance money : The upper group those who can spend over 310,000 won was 13.6%, 110,000-300,000 won was 34.0%, less than 100,000 won was 52.5%, respectively. Therefore, the person who were very active health practice group were correlated positively with the wealthier group. Of the total, 33.2% of the elderly answered, they are suffering from two kinds of diseases combined at the same time. For the elderly who have the more concem on eye health were positively correlated with the higher educational level, live with spouse, and the ones who can spend the more monthly allowances. Eye health concem is positively correlated to health attitude.

Although it is rapidly increasing the number of day-care centers in Korea, the quality of food and nutrition services is not improved sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrition and health status of children in day-care center. Menus for lunch of 253 centers were collected and the content of nutrients was analyzed. Nutrient intakes from lunch and snacks of 90 children were investigated using weighing method and those from breakfast and dinner by 24-hour recall method surrogated from their mothers. Anthropometric indices of height, weight, skinfold thickness, the ratio of fat were measured. The lunch menus for children contained 437.0±138.9 Kcal, 17.6±6.7gr protein, 153.9±87.7mg Ca, 3.63±1.6mg Fe, 164.5±158.2RE Vit A. and 4.46±3.04mg Vit B1. Energy, Ca and Fe supplied were below one third of RDAs. Mean daily calorie intake of children aged 3 years was 1303.0±474.0Kcal/day, 1322.3±442.4Kcal in aged four, 1307.0±545.9Kcal in aged five and 1497.1±93.5kcal in six year of age. Intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin B1 were below RDAs.

With increases in senior citizens and changes in family structure, the need for long-term care system for elderly is increasing, however, the capacity and environment of Korean facilities are very limited. Health and nutritional status of long-term care residents are worse than free-living elderly. In this study, general food service management and health care practices in long-term care systems were investigated. Questionnaire were sent to the directors of all 162 long-term care facilities in Korea and 81 returned the complete answers. The results showed 1) There are slow but steady increase in long-term care systems in Korea, however, the capacity is far from adequate. Less than 10,000 elderly were resided in the facilities. Most of the systems were free-nursing homes and supported by the goverment. Staffing structure revealed that most of the facilities had a director, a secretary, nurses, but only 21% of the systerm hired a dietitian. It showed the shortage of nurses, physical therapists, and dietitians. Therefore, food purchasing, menu planning, food delivery, and the other food service management processes are handled by non-professionals, such as director, secretary, or cooks. Modified fool frequency questionnaire were used to get the frequencies of each food items used in menu and a menu-analysis was made on the one-day menu provided by the facilities. The results showed relatively satisfactory in nutrients content and food frequencies., however, this was about what was used in menu, not what was eaten by the residents. Therefore this results did not tell that the food intake status of individuals. In most facilities general health checkup was done on a regular basis, and had residents with various chronic degenerative diseases, such as hypertension, neuralgia, stroke, arthritis, diabetes. But the items checked on health checkup included weight, height, blood and urine tests, X-ray test, which suggested that the checkup lists should be revised to accomodate the health problem of the aged today.

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of horticultural therapy program based on health care education on quality of life, stress, depression and anxiety of hypertensive patients, and to find effects on ability to control hypertension by continuing health care education and horticulture education. Subjects were 60 adult hypertension patients aged 30 to 64 at a hospital in K-gu, Seoul, aged 30 to 64. Experimental group of 30 patients received horticultural therapy program and control group of 30 patients did not receive horticultural therapy program. The horticultural therapy program was conducted for 60 minutes per session, twice a week, and total 8 times. This study was performed from 1. Aug. to 31. Oct. in 2015. Each session was based on contents of basic health care education and horticultural education. The programs were verified by 5 specialists in related fields (1 doctor, 2 nurses, 2 horticultural therapists). To prove effects of horticultural therapy program, patients’ stress, depression, anxiety, quality of life and knowledge of hypertension and horticulture were estimated 3 times(before, after and 1 month after the experiment). SPSS (Version 22 for Windows) was used for t-test of independent sample, which analyzes demographic information and verifies homogeneity, and for t-test of matching sample which shows different effects between groups. As the results, horticultural therapy program based on health care education made significant positive effects on stress and quality of life of hypertensive patients. Moreover, the horticultural therapy program improved knowledge on horticulture and hypertension. However, there were no significant changes in control group. This result shows that the horticultural therapy program based on health care could relive stress and improve quality of life.

본 연구는 부산광역시 소재의 11개 병원에 근무하는 의료기관 종사자를 대상으로 병원감염관리 인지도와 수행도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 병원 내 감염관리부서, 감염관리 지침서, 감염관리 교육의 유무에 관계없이 인지도, 수행도의 척도가 높게 나타났다. 특히, 감염교육을 받은 적이 있는 집단의 인지도, 수행도에서 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다(p<0.001). 감염관리에 대한 수행을 실천하지 못하는 주된 원인은 업무 과다와 시간부족으로 나타났으며, 99.7%의 응답자가 감염관리 교육이 필요하다고 답하여 사회 전반적으로 병원감염에 대한 경각심이 커진 것으로 판단된다. 전체적으로 인지도에 비해 수행도가 낮게 분석되었으며, 병원감염을 낮추기 위해서는 실현가능한 제도의 개선과 종사자 개인의 적극적인 수행이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.