Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can adversely affect human and plant health by generating secondary pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter, through photochemical reactions, necessitating systematic management. This study investigated the distribution characteristics of gaseous VOCs in ambient air, with a focus on interpreting data from a photochemical pollution perspective. This paper analyzed the presence and concentration distribution of VOCs in industrial areas, identifying toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and n-octane as the most frequently detected components. Particularly, toluene was found to significantly contribute to the formation of ozone and fine particulate matter, highlighting the need for stricter regulation of this compound. Although n-octane and styrene were present in relatively low concentrations overall, their significant contributions to ozone generation and secondary organic aerosol formation, respectively, emphasize their importance in air pollution management.

This study was carried out in order to provide suggestions with regard to optimal control methods for various odor emission facilities (162 companies and 26 industrial classifications) through comparative analysis of effective odor treatment technologies for each type of odor substance by literature reviews, based on measured 22 odor substance data for 162 samples taken from A city. The industrial classification of Pulp showed the highest odor quotient (7,589 as average value) and was followed by the industrial classifications of Wastewater, Woods, and Furniture, indicating average odor quotient values of 2,361, 1,396 and 1,392, respectively. Absorption using chlorine dioxide and sodium hydroxide can be an optimal treatment method to remove the odor substances of sulfide and aldehyde groups. Biofilers with microbial communities will be effective to remove odors caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and an absorption method using sulfuric acid is proper for the removal of odor substances caused by nitrogens.

Since 1939, Bupeyong was rapidly urbanized and industrialized for the purpose of constructing military logistics base of the empire of Japan. Based on Kyungin urban planning of 1940 and industrial land development plan of Kyeonggido, many military factories and arsenal were constructed, and great amount of housing were also built for their workers from 1939 to 1944. Although the initial urban planning was unfinished, urban change from rural area to military industrial city in the late Japanese colonial era, made identity of city of Bupyeong. Workers houses which built during five years vary in different size and type, and somewhat reflects discussions about housing attempts to solve the housing shortage. This study aims to analyze architectural characteristics of workers housing related with discussions of housing, and to evaluate its value as an industrial heritage which constitute the urban landscape of the industrial city of Bupyeong. Workers houses in Bupyeong were constructed by military factories, construction company, and Chosun housing administration, with land readjustment planning. As the war became serious, workers housing became smaller and simpler. Construction of workers housing was essential part of modern military industrial city, bupyeong, and many of workers housing are still remained whereas most of factories were demolished, thus workers housing of bupyeong has significant meaning as industrial heritage of Bupyeong.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of odor-causing substances in Yeosu national industrial complex, which is designated as an “Odor management Area,” in 2019 and the surrounding area. The sampling sites were divided into three areas: five sites within the industrial complex (Management area), one site within the borders of the complex (Boundary area), and two sites within residential areas (Affected area) affected by odors. The odor compounds were collected from March to September at dawn, daytime, and night. The analytical items were meteorological data, complex odor, legally-designated 22 odor compounds and other VOCs. Complex odor was exceeded on the limit three occasions at two sites in the management area. Ammonia, two types of sulfides, three types of aldehydes, and five VOCs were detected to be within the emission standards. Ammonia was the most frequently detected compounds. Aldehydes and sulfur compounds made a relatively high contribution to the level of odors. Therefore, aldehydes and sulfur compounds should be reduced first in order to prevent odors from occurring.

The concentrations of odor and volatile organic compound (VOC)-inducing substances were measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometers (SIFT-MS). SIFT-MS can continuously measure the concentration of odor-causing substances and VOCs in real time without pre-treatment steps. Measurements were conducted during the day and at night at 10 spots in the chemical block of the Sihwa industrial complex. Similar measurement results were observed in the daytime and nighttime for materials except methyl ethyl ketone with high concentrations. A high concentration of hydrogen sulfide was also measured at night. It is expected that an amount of emissions of VOCs and odor-causing substances under the absence of inspection can be traced if measured at other industrial complexes in vulnerable times.

본 연구에서는 특별관리해역인 시화호 유역의 산업단지 하천에 강우 시 비점오염의 형태로 유입되는 중금속의 유출 특성 파악 및 오염원 파악을 하천 토구를 통해 배출되는 강우유출수 내 용존 및 입자성 중금속 (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb)을 조사하였다. 용존성 Co와 Ni은 강우 초반에 고농도로 유출된 후 시간에 따라 감소하는 결과를 보였으나, 대부분의 원소는 조사시기별 강우량 및 유량 변화에 따라 각각 다른 특징을 보였다. 입자성 중금속의 경우, 시간에 따른 부유물질의 농도 변화와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 강우유출수 내 존재하는 중금속 중 Co, Ni, Zn는 용존 상태로 유출되는 비율이 높았고, Cr, Cu, Pb은 입자상 유출 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 입자 상태로 유출되는 중금속의 인위적 오염도를 평가하기 위해 농집지수를 계산한 결과, Cu, Zn, Cd은 very highly polluted에 해당하는 심각한 오염수준으로 나타났다. 연구지역인 3간선수로 유역 인근의 도로먼지 중 125 μm 이하에서의 중금속 농도와 비교한 결과, 강우유출수 내 Cu, Zn, Cd의 중금속이 금속제조관련 시설에서 절삭 혹은 가공 중에 발생하여 산업시설 표면에 축적되어 있는 금속물질이 강우유출수와 함께 수환경으로 유출된 것을 알 수 있었다. 강우유출수 내 총중금속 평균 유출부하량은 1회 강우 시 Cr 128g, Co 12.35 g, Ni 98.5 g, Cu 607.5 g, Zn 8,429.5 g, As 6.95 g, Cd 3.7 g, Pb 251.75 g으로 금속제조와 관련된 산업시설이 주로 존재하는 유역의 특성을 잘 반영한 것으로 판단된다

In this study, real-time monitoring of air quality using a real-time mobile monitoring system was conducted to identify the emission characteristics and current status of air pollutants and odorous substances that are mainly generated in domestic dyeing industrial areas and to trace the pollutant sources. The concentration of toluene in the industrial area was detected up to 926.4 ppb, which was 3 to 4 times higher than that of other industrial areas. The concentration of methylethylketone was 124.7 ppb and the concentration of dichloromethane was 129.5 ppb. Acrolein concentration was highest at E point at 521.6 ppb, methanol concentration was highest at D point at 208.8 ppb, and acetone concentration was highest at M and N points at 549.3 ppb. The most frequently detected concentration of pollutants in the air quality monitoring results in the industrial area was, in descending order, toluene > methanol > acrolein > dichloromethane > acetone, which was similar to the chemical emissions used in the industrial area by the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register data. The concentration of odorous substances measured in real time was compared with the concentration of minimum detection, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was about 10 times higher than the concentration of minimum detection at A point, which was judged to be the main odorous cause of A point. In the future, if the real-time mobile measurement system is constructed to automatically connect wind direction/wind speed, PRTR (Pollutant Release and Transfer Register) data and SEMS (Stack Emission Management System) data, etc., it was judged that more accurate monitoring could be performed.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics affecting traffic accidents that have occurred in 564 industrial complexes nationwide from 2011 to 2015.METHODS : The traffic accidents were specified using various factors such as industrial complex type (national VS. general), industrial complex degradation (old VS. non-old), location of complex (capital VS. non-capital), and traffic law violation (speeding, signal violation, and median invasion). The average number of crashes and accident ratio (fatal, severe, and both) in terms of characteristics of industrial complexes were calculated. With a sample of crashes of the industrial complexes for 5 years, statistical significances were tested to analyze and compare the differences based on industrial complex and traffic law characteristics using parametric and non-parametric methods.RESULTS: From statistical results, it is observed that the crash frequency occurring in old industrial complexes is three times higher than that in non-old industrial complexes. Old industrial complexes located in a capital area, old national industrial complexes, and old general industrial complexes are considerably related to higher crash frequency, but the fatal accident ratio appeared to have no statistical difference across industrial complex characteristics. Severe crashes are more likely to occur in non-old industrial complexes on an average.CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to eliminate potential threats to roads and traffic in the same manner as illegal parking in industrial complexes through the restoration of old industrial complexes. To improve the efficiency of road infrastructure, efforts should be made to improve traffic safety in accordance with industrial characteristics such as planning and operation of relevant local government programs.

환경오염원으로부터 지역별 솔잎혹파리 피해도의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 실시한 결과, 솔잎혹파리 충영형성율은 석유화학공단에 의한 환 경오염이 심각한 상황에 있는 공단지역은 충영형성률 47.94%이었고, 대조지역은 9.94%였다. 솔잎혹파리 피해엽은 공단지역 피해엽의 길이는 평균 4.5 cm 였으며, 대조지역은 평균 4.9 cm 이었다. 솔잎혹파리 피해엽의 충영내 유충의 수는 공단지역은 평균 3.4개체이었고, 대조지역은 2.4개체 이 었다. 성숙유충의 크기는 공단지역이 유충체장은 2.40 mm, 체폭은 0.7 mm 이었으며, 대조지역의 유충체장은 2.45 mm, 체폭은 0.71 mm 이었다.

In this study, we investigated influent and effluent water pollutants in 53 Public Sewage Treatment Works (PSTWs) where industrial wastewater or landfill leachate is combined four times for two years from 2014 to 2015. Also, we analyzed the characteristics of heavy metals and volatile organic carbons at influent and effluent of these PSTWs caused by sewage treatment combined with industrial wastewater or landfill leachate. As a result, six heavy metals such as barium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc, and four volatile organic carbons (VOCs) including phenols, di(2-)ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), formaldehyde and toluene were observed above detection limits in most of PSTWs. Also, it was revealed that six heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium, mercury, cadmium, chromium, nickel and selenium, and four VOCs including 1,1-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, naphthalene, and epichlorohydrin were observed more frequently according to precipitation. As a result of reviewing the monitoring data on “Water Quality Monitoring Networks” in lower watersheds of PSTWs, both heavy metals and VOCs were below detection limits, indicating that the effluent water had little influence on the watershed. Nevertheless for the better management of influent and effluent pollutants in PSTWs, it is necessary to establish the advanced management plans for water pollutants in PSTWs, which include a list of priority substances management, monitoring plans, and guidelines for industrial wastewater and landfill leachate combined in PSTWs.

The buffer green space of Sihwa industrial complex is located on the boundary of residential areas and industrial areas, and this regions have been the ability to mitigate environmental impact of noise, vibration, atmospheric. In this area, the survey of vegetation and bird was conducted to understand the biology structures and function of buffer green space from biology habitats and natural recovery for ecology restoration. The survey was performed four times according to the season. As a result, vegetation were distributed to the most widely Pinus thunbergii community (72.2%) in the whole survey area (approximately 0.32 km2), and grasslands (6.6%), Amorpha fruticosa community (4.1%), Koelreuteria paniculata community (4.0%), Acer buergerianum community (3.9%) in the order of distribution. The characteristics of vegetation distribution were mainly planted Pinus thunbergii in outlying areas, and Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Quercus acutissima were planted in the middle areas. The birds observed in this area were a total of 37 species, 912 individuals, the species of legal protection were observed Falco tinnunculus 1 individuals. The most of birds observed in this area were the resident that can be observed easily in the park and greenland surrounding urban. The waterfowl almost were not observed because of lacking water space. Thus, as providing safe habitats and movement passageway of wildlife, the connection of ecological green areas will be strengthened.

Basidiomycetous fungi are one of the most potent biodegraders because many of its species grow on dead wood or litter, in environments rich in lignocellulose. For the degradation of lignocellulose, basidiomycetes utilize their lignocellulytic enzymes, which typically include laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4). In recent years, the practical applications of basidiomycetes have ranged from the textile to the pulp and paper industries, and from food applications to bioremediation processes and industrial enzymatic saccharification of biomass. Recently, spent mushroom substrates of edible mushrooms have been used as sources of bulk enzymes to decolorize synthetic dyes in textile wastewater. In this review, the occurrence, mode of action, general properties, and production of lignocellulytic enzymes from mushroom species will be discussed. We will also discuss the potential applications of these enzymes

The past five years, industrial accidents due to food processing machinery have been occurred 725 cases, injury by the food cutter occurred 390 cases in its. On this study, to prevent food cutter injury, an attempt is made to present the improved documentation of fundamental safety of the food cutter workplace through the injury analysis of food cutter injury and surveys on band saw machine business field. Analyzing the result of 390 cases on food cutter injury, amputation, cut, puncture occupied 75.1 percent (293 cases), compressed occupied 23.3% (91 cases), also it showed constant component without reference to gender, age, scale of work place, service period. In the survey, lack of concentration for workers have been pointed out as the biggest factor in the cause of band saw machine injury. Meanwhile, such as the EU and Japan, whereas presents safety standards about band saw machines that are tailored to each country, on the other hand, South Korea doesn't provide the standards. To prevent the food cutter injury, safety standards need to be established in consideration of amputation, cut, puncture, compressed injury and financial support is required to procure protective equipment at each place of business.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the odor arising from the Cheong-ju industrial complex area for odor materials confirmation, and to predict the impact of the odor in the residential area using the CALPUFF Model. Among the odor causing substances in the area with a rising number of collective complaints due to odor, methyl sulfide, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-buthylaldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and styrene were detected. Odor causing substances detected in the area surrounding the industrial complex include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, n-buthylaldehyde, toluene, xylene, benzene and styrene. Using the CALPUFF Model, it was predicted that 1hr average was 3.981~7.553 OU/m3 and 24hr average was 1.753~2.359 OU/m3. In terms of odor intensity, the predicted 1hr average was 0.6~0.9 and the 24hr average was 0.2~0.4.

본 연구에서는 이산화탄소 고정화에 있어 이산화탄소 전환을 위해 MEA를 이용한 습식화학흡 수법의 셔틀메카니즘을 도입하였다. 또한 알칼리 무기물질을 다량 함유한 산업부산물을 습식탄산화법을 이용해 처리하고자 하였다. 즉, 산업부산물의 화학적 처리를 통해 칼슘이온을 용출하였다. 산성물질을 이용한 용출상징수를 ICP로 분석한 결과, 칼슘이온이 최대 17,900 ppm(1.79%)을 확보하였다. 또한 MEA를 이용한 습식 흡수공정을 통해 상온, 상압조건의 이산화탄소 분위기에서 94%의 전환률을 얻었 다. 슬러지의 액상탄산화를 통해 슬러지 mg 당 0.175 mg의 이산화탄소를 고정하였으며, 최종생성물의 XRD 분석결과 일반적인 탄산칼슘의 결정구조인 calcite 형상을 확인하였다.

Childrena zenobia is very hopeful as an industrial insect for its beautiful color and long life span. This study was conducted to establish the mass rearing methods of C. zenobia to develop it as an industrial insect. C. zenobia appeared in the high mountains of about 1,000m above sea level at Pocheon and Gapyoung during high temperature season from July to August, and in the low mountains of about 400m above sea level at Yeoncheon on September. The first oviposition time after mating took 27.8±9.0 days and the number of eggs per female was 180. The life span of adult was 39.3±20.2 days in male and 59.0±18.7 days in female. The hatchability of F1 generation showed high rate over 80% at 20∼30℃, while the rate of F5 generation was very low under 5%. The proper food for rearing the larva was Viola papilionacea. The developmental period from 1st larva to adult was 63.6±5.1 days and the hatching time was 8.7±0.9 days at 20℃ and 48.0±3.3 days and the hatching time was 8.1±1.2 days at 25℃. These results seemed to be very suggestive that C. zenobia could be massively reared in the condition of indoor rearing room resulting in the utilization of it as an industrial insect for various regional festivals.

This study investigated the comprehension of the occupational safety policy direction by job characteristics of the safety managers at 211 workplace selected under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. As for the characteristics of the subjects' firms, there was difference in their perception on the occupational safety policy direction by their region, type, scale, and the existence of labor union. Regarding the job characteristics of the subjects, there was difference in the comprehension of the occupational safety policy direction by their age, experience and department. This study suggests that the government policy as well as the awareness about safety by management and safety managers need to be changed by analyzing the comprehension of occupational safety policy direction by the job characteristics of corporate occupational safety managers.

고용노동부 산업재해분석 자료에 의하면 최근 5년간 (2006년～2010년)의 총 재해자 수(사망자수) 472,329명(11,662명), 경제적 직접손실액 16,814,806백만원, 경제적 손실 추 정액(직·간접) 84,074, 030백만원으로 인적·물적 손실이 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에는 산업안전보건법상의 안전관리자 선임된 사업장 211개소 대상으로 안전 관리자의 직무특성에 따른 산업안전정책방향 이해도에 관한 조사를 하였다. 연구대상 자의 기업체의 특성을 보면 지역별, 업종별, 규모별, 노조설립 여부에 따라 산업안전정 책방향에 대한 인식도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 연구대상자의 직무특성을 보면 연령, 경력, 근무부서에 따라서도 산업안전정책방향에 대한 이해도 차이가 있다는 것 을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 기업체 산업안전관라자 직무특성에 따른 산업안전정책방향 이해도 분석을 통해 정부의 정책변화, 경영자·안전관리자의 안전의식 변화가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Stick insect has several peculiarities like parthenogenesis, unique external features and dropping oviposition, so it is very hopeful to use for industrial insect. The oviposition was established by only female without fertilization with sperm of male which was not discovered during this study. The oviposition period was 37.3±14.9 days and the number of eggs per female was 41.5±16.5 eggs. The hatchability was 73.3% at 25℃and 66.7% after low temperature treatment(8℃, 60 days). The developmental periods and the length of egg were 100.9±4.2 days and 0.33±0.0cm, respectively, and the adult's life span was 49.7±16.0days. Differently other research which reported five nymph stage, the developmental stages of nymph showed five(62.9%) or six(37.1%) stages. The duration and the length of nymph increased according to the increase of nymph stage. Stick insect preferred the leaf of American locust, White oak, Chestnut, Bush clover in order but could be reared with food of the leaf of all these trees. Stick insects are herbivorus but made an attack each other when encountered in the small space. For sustaining mass rearing of stick insect, it is needed that the development of artificial diet and high density rearing method.