해양사고의 건수는 연평균 1,700회 이상이며 기관손상사고는 전체의 31.5%이다. 기관손상사고 중에서도 추진축계와 관련된 사고는 과다한 부하에 기인한 베어링의 마멸로 발생하며 정상운항에 큰 피해를 줄 수 있는 매우 중요한 요인이다. 이 연구에서는 선박의 추진축계 베어링 발열 사고를 사례분석을 통해 고찰하였다. 그 결과 축계정렬불량이 주 원인으로 분석되었고 이에 대한 주기적인 점검으로 사고를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

한반도의 기온은 지난 80년간 꾸준히 상승해왔다. 온도의 상승이 불가피한 미래 기후변화에 따라 월동가능성 및 토착화 가능성이 있는 외래 침입 해충에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 그 중 벼(Oryza sativa)를 가해하는 주요 비래해충은 총 5가지로 벼멸구, 애멸구, 흰등멸구, 멸강나방, 혹명나방이 있다. 기후변화에 따른 벼 재배지대별 비래해충의 발생 특성조사를 위해 영남 지역에서 도별 각 2개의 시군을 선정하여 비래해충에 대한 실태조사를 진행하였다. 멸구류는 육안조사, 포충망조사, 동력흡충기를 이용하여 조사를 하였고, 나방류는 성페로몬 트랩을 추가하여 해충의 발생을 조사하였다. 영남 지역 내에서 북쪽으로는 멸구류의 발생이 조사 기간동안 지속적으로 발생하였으며, 남쪽으로 는 멸구류와 나방류 모두 지속적인 발생을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 향후 기후변화에 따른 외래 침입해충 발생에 대한 조기 경보시스템 확립의 기초자료가 될 것이다.

갈색날개매미충은 최근 과수를 비롯한 다양한 식물에 대발생하여 생육을 저해하고 그을음병을 유발하는 등 문제가 매우 심각한 돌발성 해충이다. 본 연구는 위와 같은 갈색날개매미충의 친환경적인 방제를 위하여 식물추출물인 고삼추출물, 백합추출물, 목초액 등을 혼합비율을 달리하여 야외에서 성충을 대상으로 살충효과를 수행하였으며, 방제효율을 극대화하고 화학약제의 사용을 최소화하기 위하여 매미충류 등에 사용되고 있는 원제가 다른 화학약제 8종을 선발하여 살충효과를 검증하였다. 살충효과는 처리 3, 6일차 조사를 하였으며, 식물추출물의 살충력을 조사한 결과 고삼추출물, 백합추출물, 목초액 등 혼합된 제제가 83.3±5.1%의 살충력을 나타냈고 고삼추출물과 목초액이 혼합된 제제는 72.6±5.1%의 살충력을 보였다. 상용중인 화학약제의 살충효과는 Acetamiprid 92.8±5.1%, Dinotefuran 91.3±3.3%, Imidacloprid 91.3±3.3%, Etofenprox 89.9±1.9%, Deltamethrin 79.7±10.7%, Sulfoxaflor 69.6±10.0%, Bifenthrin 60.9±12.0%, Abamectin 53.6±5.1%의 살충력을 보였다. 효과가 우수한 제제에 대해서는 야외포장 포장관리용 자재로서 활용하여 방제효과를 극대화 하는데 참고로 활용하고자 한다.

중국에서 매년 우리나라로 비래하는 멸구류의 정밀한 예찰을 위하여 끈끈이트랩을 이용한 들녘단위의 간이예찰법 개발이 필요하다. 본 실험은 끈끈이트랩을 이용한 비래해충의 간이예찰법을 개발하고자 김제 광활, 부안 계화, 고창 해리 3개 지점에 색상은 흰색, 황색, 청색의 끈끈이트랩을 설치하고, 설치방법은 사면, 수평, 수직으로 설치하였다. 유인효과를 살펴본 결과 색상의 경우 황색끈끈이트랩에서 3.2마리로 다른 색상에 비해 유인 포획 효과가 있었고, 설치방법의 경우 수직에서 6.9마리로 많았다. 따라서 끈끈이트랩을 이용한 예찰법은 황색 끈끈이트랩, 수직으로 설치하는 것이 좋은 것으로 생각된다.

기생벌(parasitoids)은 기주곤충의 다양한 발달단계에 특징적(내부 또는 외부)으로 기생한다. 이러한 기생벌은 적어도 10만종 이상이 존재하며 해충방제를 위한 중요한 천적자원으로 활용된다. 본 연구에서는 배추흰나비 번데기의 내부에 기생하는 기생벌을 채집하여 그 형태 및 분자생물학적 분석을 실시하였다. 기생벌의 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) 염기서열을 결정하고 NCBI database에서 비교 분석해 본 결과 Pteromalus venustus와 가장 높은 유사성 (91%)을 나타냈다. 국내에는 금좀벌과(Pteromalidae)에 24속 33종이 보고되었고 그 중 Pteromalus 속에는 오직 배추벌레 살이금좀벌(P. puparum) 단 1종이 기록되었다. 그러나, P. puparum의 COI 염기서열 정보는 보고된 바 없다. 그리고 P. puparum은 배추흰나비에 기생하는 반면에 P. venustus는 벌의 일종인 Alfalfa leaf cutting bee인에 기생한다. 본 연구결과 채집한 기생벌은 P. puparum으로 판단되며 처음으로 이종의 COI 염기서열을 보고한다. 또한, 배추흰나비의 친환경적 방제를 위하여 배추벌레살이금좀벌을 천적자원으로 활용할 수 있다.

PURPOSES : Visibility of lanes on the road improves as retro-reflectivity rises. This helps reduce traffic accidents at nighttime or in bad weather. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of improved visibility on reduction of traffic accidents when the color of the lane in the median of the highway was changed from yellow to white. METHODS: In order to evaluate the accident reduction effect of the white left shoulder line, Hauer (1997)'s Comparison-Group method was chosen as an analysis methodology. The JungBu-2 highway, which is equipped with the white left shoulder line and is in trial operation, was chosen as a target for analysis. Data of accidents for 10 months before and after installation was collected and analyzed. In addition to the number of accidents, the types of accidents were classified into nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions. The accident reduction effect of improved visibility of lanes was analyzed. RESULTS : The analysis’finding showed that installation of the white left shoulder line decreased the number of accidents by 28%. Moreover, improvement in visibility was effective in reducing nighttime accidents by 67.63%, accidents in bad weather by 55.19%, and median collisions by 48.55%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analysis’results in this study, it was concluded that white left shoulder line on the freeway contributed to reduce traffic accidents, especially nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions.

경남농업기술원 화훼육종연구소에서 1997년부터 교배조합 육성을 위하여 국내의 재배농가와 종묘업체로부터 유전자원 을 수집한 후, 핑크 중륜계 품종육성을 위해 2001년에 모본으 로 Phalaenopsis amabilis를, 부본으로는 Phalaenopsis ‘Happy Valentine’를 이용하여 교잡하였으며 후대를 획득하여 계통선 발육종을 하였다. 최종 선발된 우수계통은 2007년부터 2009 년까지 3회의 특성검정을 거쳐서 호접란 신품종 ‘스노우 핑크’ 를 육성하였다. ‘스노우 핑크’는 연한핑크색의 꽃을 가진 품종 이며 꽃잎 형태가 둥글고 안아피기 형태여서 대조품종에 비해 화형이 우수하였다. ‘스노우 핑크’ 꽃잎의 아래쪽 반은 흰색이 나 위쪽 반은 연한핑크색 무늬가 분포되어 있어 꽃잎 색의 다 른 분포가 대비를 이루어 소비자의 관심을 끌어낼 수 있으리 라 판단되었다. 또한 대조품종은 꽃 배열이 다소 흐트러진 반 면 ‘스노우 핑크’의 경우 꽃의 간격이 일정하고 가지런하게 배 열되어 대조품종에 비해 꽃 배열이 우수하며 꽃 수도 많은 편이다. 생육속도도 빠르고 재배하기가 용이하였으며 평균 꽃 수명 또한 55일 이상으로 길었다. 연한핑크계 중륜 품종으로 는 시장성이 높고 소비자기호도 평가에서 높은 점수를 받아 2010년 국립종자원에 품종 출원하여 2011년 12월에 품종등록 을 완료하였다.

췌장의 파골세포양 거대세포 미분화 암종은 그 발생 빈도는 드물지만 높은 악성도를 가지는 외분비 췌장암이다. 췌장 의 파골세포양 거대세포 미분화 암종은, 복부 전산화단층촬 영에서 괴사와 출혈을 동반한 낭성 및 고형 종괴의 소견을 보이며, 다른 췌장의 낭성 종양과 감별이 필요하다. 현재까 지 명확하게 정립된 치료법은 없으며, 조기 진단 및 종양의 완전 절제만이 생존률 향상을 가져온다고 보고되고 있다. 본 증례는 58세 남성 환자에서 발생한 췌장의 파골세포양 거대 세포 미분화 암종이 수술 및 항암치료에도 불구하고 연조직 전이로 진행하여 사망한 1예로 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of amino acid and vitamin C supplementation on the quality attributes of top round (TR) muscle from Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Sixteen-month-old steers were divided into three different feeding groups and raised until they were 28 months old. A control group (9 heads) was fed a basal diet and rice straw, whereas two experimental groups (8 heads/group) were fed a basal diet and rice straw supplemented with rumen-protected amino acids (≥16.0% L-lysine monohydrochloride, ≥8.0% DL-methionine) and vitamin C at a dose of 100 g/head/day (AA+VC group) or only vitamin C at 100 g/head/day (VC group). After slaughter, TR muscle (M. semimembranosus) was collected from carcasses and used to measure the quality attributes. Crude fat content was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the AA+VC group than in the VC group. No significant difference was observed for water-holding capacity and shear force value between the control, AA+VC, and VC groups. Contents of the free amino acids (FAAs) glycine, aspartate, and glutamate were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the VC group than in the control group. Sensory evaluation of tenderness and flavor preference revealed significantly higher scores (p<0.05) in the AA+VC group than in the control group. These findings suggest that vitamin C supplementation increases the contents of some FAAs, and the combined supplementation of amino acids and vitamin C improves the marbling and sensory attributes of TR muscle in Hanwoo.

In korea, only small amount of nonstructural lightweight concrete is being used through indirect effects such as heat insulation property and soundproofing rather than structural elements due to lack of structural lightweight aggregates and lack of understanding about lightweight concrete development, etc. That`s why structural lightweight concrete to reduce weight has not been put to practical use. This study is a part of high strength lightweight aggregate concrete researches using lightweight aggregates and the purpose of this study is to find out the basic physical characteristics and tension cracking fracture characteristics of lightweight concrete. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement is measured through 3 point flexure experiment about notch beam. Load-CMOD characteristics are examined through rules of countries, characteristics of lightweight concrete and tension cracking fracture experiments. The degree of tensile characteristic alteration according to size changes of specimen and the characteristics about crack surface are analyzed. The changes of softening curve are analyzed and fracture energy is drawn through inverse analysis by the obtained Load-CMOD curve. To decide fracture energy and analysis parametric, inverse analysis is conducted and Ant Colony Method is conducted for optimization and then a way to find out optimal parameterization fracture energy is suggested.

퇴적물 준설은 수서생태계에서 오염물질을 영구적으로 제거하는 것으로 수서생태계 복원에 있어서 효율적인 방법으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 수괴의 산소 요구율의 계산을 통해 마산만의 퇴적물 준설이 수질에 미치는 영향을 정량화하였다. 이를 위해 수질 및 저질 모델이 포함된 생태계 모델을 마산만에 적용시켰다. 모델 계산 결과, 육상 오염원이 감소할수록 수괴의 산소 요구율이 다소 증가한 반면에 만내측과 만외측의 준설에 의해서는 산소 요구율이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 퇴적물 준설이 마산만 수질을 더욱 개선시킬 수 있음을 의미한다. 산소 요구율과 퇴적물 산소 요구량의 상관관계식을 통해 육상 부하량 10 % 감소에 의한 수질 개선효과에 상당하는 퇴적물 준설 면적이 만내측에서는 1.68㎢이며, 만외측에서는 3.15㎢임을 계산하였다. 이는 마산만 수질 개선을 위해서는 만내측의 퇴적물 준설이 효율적 방법임을 의미한다.

Jeju Eoseungsaeng lake which is a main water resource of Eoseungsaeng water treatment plant(Q=15,000 m3/d) experienced high chromaticity(40 CU) and pH(9.46) in 2013. This could decline customer's confidence on drinking water quality unless proper identification and removal of chromaticity were implemented. To find cause of chromaticity, water monitoring on various water parameters including TOC, algal cell count, Chl-a, turbidity, SS, conductivity, etc. were implemented. Iron and manganese were excluded from the cause of chromaticity due to its low concentration (i.e., < 0.02 mg/L). Correlation among water parameters showed that relationship between algal cell count and chromaticity was the highest(R=0.43), which suggested that presumably the main reason of chromaticity occurrence in Jeju Eoseungsaeng lake was algae.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of the use of enzymatically hydrolyzed anchovy protein (eHAP) to enhancing of salty taste in dried pollack soup and mungbean sprout when it was applied in cooking. The salty taste enhancing effect was evaluated by comparing the dried pollack soup samples with eHAP added and the control sample containing 0.6% NaCl, and the result showed that the salty taste enhancing effect was 15%, 25%, 42%, and 46% in the samples with 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% eHAP added, respectively. The overall acceptability was decreased as the eHAP addition was increased. In case of a bean sprout containing 0.7% NaCl, the salty taste enhancing effect was 29%, 18%, 16%, and 31% in the 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% eHAP added, respectively. The lightness and yellowness were decreased as the eHAP addition was increased in both the dried pollack soup and the bean sprout. The pH of the dried pollack soup was decreased but the pH of the bean sprout dish was increased as the addition of eHAP was increased. The application of eHAP to food showed a significant salty taste enhancing effect, but the effect was dependent on the type of foods.

PURPOSES: This study evaluates the reliability of the patterns of changes in the road surface temperature during winter using a statistical technique. In addition, a flexible road segmentation method is developed based on the collected road surface temperature data. METHODS: To collect and analyze the data, a thermal mapping system that could be attached to a survey vehicle along with various other sensors was employed. We first selected the test route based on the date and the weather and topographical conditions, since these factors affect the patterns of changes in the road surface temperature. Each route was surveyed a total of 10 times on a round-trip basis at the same times (5 AM to 6 AM). A correlation analysis was performed to identify whether the weather conditions reported for the survey dates were consistent with the actual conditions. In addition, we developed a method for dividing the road into sections based on the consecutive changes in the road surface temperature for use in future applications. Specifically, in this method, the road surface temperature data collected using the thermal mapping system was compared continuously with the average values for the various road sections, and the road was divided into sections based on the temperature. RESULTS : The results showed that the comparison of the reported and actual weather conditions and the standard deviation in the observed road surface temperatures could produce a good indicator of the reliability of the patterns of the changes in the road surface temperature. CONCLUSIONS: This research shows how road surface temperature data can be evaluated using a statistical technique. It also confirms that roads should be segmented based on the changes in the temperature and not using a uniform segmentation method.

이 연구는 ‘상무위원은 처벌하지 않는다(刑不上常委)’는 중국정치의 잠재된 관례를 파기하 고 사법과 공안 분야의 막강한 대항력을 갖춘 저우융캉을 어떻게 처벌할 수 있었는지에 대한 의문에서 시작됐다. 그간 중국 지도부가 상징적으로 중앙위원급 고위관료 처벌을 감행했지만, 중국정치의 핵심 행위자(actor) 역할을 하는 상무위원(常務委員)을 처벌 대상에 포함하지 않 았다. 이들의 조사 과정에서 강력한 대항력과 정치적 비용(political cost), 그리고 공산당의 통치력 약화가 초래될 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 시진핑은 출범 후 제창했던 의법치국(依法 治國)의 국정기조 상충을 무릅쓰고 사법기관보다 당 차원의 중앙기율위를 이용해 저우융캉 처벌에 매진했다. 그 결과 중앙기율위는 저우융캉 계파의 부패망을 역이용해 주변에서 중심 으로 그의 부패 대리인을 조사하며 옥좼으며, 종국에는 원로들의 동의를 얻어 저우융캉을 처 벌할 수 있었다.

A variety of methods for detecting the location of an underground water pipeline are being used across the world; the current main methods used in South Korea, however, have the problems of low precision and efficiency and the limitations in actual application. On this, this study developed locator capable of detecting the location of a water pipe by the use of an IMU sensor, and technology for using the extended karman filter to correct error in location detection and to plot the location on the coordinate system. This study carried out a tract test and a road test as basic experiments to measure the performance of the developed technology and equipment. As a result of the straight line, circular and ellipse track tests, the 1750 IMU sensor showed the average error of 0.08-0.11%; and thus it was found that the developed locator can detect a location precisely. As a result of the 859.6-m road test, it was found that the error was 0.31 m in case the moving rate of the sensor was 0.3-0.6 m/s; and thus it was judged that the equipment developed by this study can be applied to long-distance water pipes of over 1 km sufficiently. It is planned to evaluate its field applicability in the future through an actual pipe network pilot test, and it is expected that locator capable of detecting the location of a water pipe more precisely will be developed through research for the enhancement of accuracy in the algorithm of location detection.

Peak load rate(i.e., maximum daily flow/average daily flow) has not been considered for industrial water demand planning in Korea to date, while area unit method based on average daily flow has been applied to decide capacity of industrial water treatment plants(WTPs). Designers of industrial WTPs has assumed that peak load would not exist if operation rate of factories in industrial sites were close to 100%. However, peak load rates were calculated as 1.10~2.53 based on daily water flow from 2009 to 2014 for 9 industrial WTPs which have been operated more than 9 years(9-38 years). Furthermore, average operation rates of 9 industrial WTPs was less than 70% which means current area unit method has tendency to overestimate water demand. Therefore, it is not reasonable to consider peak load for the calculation of water demand under current area unit method application to prevent overestimation. However, for the precise future industrial water demand calculation more precise data gathering for average daily flow and consideration of peak load rate are recommended.

Analysis of nutritional compositions of soybean sprouts cultivated with bamboo ash was carried out. Bamboo ash was utilized as sprouting water of soybeans and adjusted to 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, 6.0 and 10.0 g/L. Stem length and contents of isoflavone (daidzin, glycitin, genestin, daidzein, glycitein, and genestein) and vitamin C in soybean sprouts cultivated with 0.2 g/L were higher than those in soybean sprouts cultivated with only water. Potassium, magnesium, and calcium of all cultivation methods were detected in higher contents than others. In particular, potassium showed a high absorption rate in the soybean sprouts. The major amino acid was asparagine (616.05~849.15 mg/100 g, soybean eq.), and contents of lysine, leucine, and ornithine in soybean sprouts cultivated at 0.2 g/L were higher than those of methods by only water and addition of 6-benzylaminopurine. According to the results, soybean sprouts cultivated with 0.2 g/L of bamboo ash were effective for increasing nutritional compositions.

The following study aims to estimate the configuration ratio of the ion compounds that identifies the cause of fine dust and ways to reduce it. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of fine particles in a tunnel and the configuration form of ionic composition were interpreted to establish reasonable measurement for air quality management. Seasonal measurements were performed by collecting samples from the Mia sageori subway station. Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was used to estimate the configuration ratio of ions in this study. The results showed that the test performed outside showed about 56.4% of total ion, with (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, CaCO3 and NaCl showing concentrations of 2.138 μg/m3, 1.957 μg/m3, 1.697 μg/m3 and 1.600 μg/m3, respectively, while the results indoor had CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl showing concentrations of 2.272 μg/m3, 2.204 μg/m3, 1.656 μg/m3 and 1.342 μg/m3, respectively, about 65.1% of total ion. During the usage of tunnel, it was found that CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 and MgCO3 showed concentrations of 3.464 μg/m3, 1.732 μg/m3, 1.698 μg/m3 and 0.582 μg/m3, respectively, total ion of 70.2% was presented.

저자들은 십이지장의 팽대부에서 발견된 종양에 대해 조직검사를 시행, 신경내분비종으로 판단하여 내시경적 유두부 절제술을 시행하였으며 신경절세포 부신경절종으로 진단된 증례를 경험하였으며, 신경절세포 부신경절종이 내시경적 유두부절제술로 성공적으로 치료되었기에 문헌고찰과 더불어 보고하는 바이다.