이 연구는 대학에서의 교수역량강화를 위한 전략으로 부각되고 있는 “수업컨설팅”의 효과를 측정하기 위한 객관적 평가지표를 개발하기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위하여 기존 문헌 연구를 통해 교수역량에 관련한 국내 연구들을 바탕으로 교수역량 요인들을 추출해 델파이 설문지를 만들어 전국대학 교수학습개발센터에서 수업컨설팅을 업무를 맡고 있는 실무자 20명의 응답으로 2회에 걸친 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 1, 2차 델파이 조사를 통해 선정된 25개 문항을 놓고 3차 조사는 전문가들의 심층토의를 거쳐 최종 교수역량 평가지표 24개 문항을 선정하였고 각 문항이 속할 대영역의 명칭과 문항 분류를 결정하였다. 수업설계와 준비에 해당하는 부분은 대부분이 문항에서 제외되었고, 실제 수업활동에 속하는 문항이 다수가 포함되었다. 이를 통해 개발된 평가지표가 실천적 교육역량에 속하는 것임을 고려한다면, 수업컨설팅 현장에서 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is one of the most important cathode materials used in both aqueous and non-aqueous batteries. The MnO2 polymorph that is used for lithium primary batteries is synthesized either by electrolytic (EMD-MnO2) or chemical methods (CMD-MnO2). Commonly, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is used as a cathode mixture material for dry-cell batteries, such as a alkaline batteries, zinc-carbon batteries, rechargeable alkaline batteries, etc. The characteristics of lithium/manganese-dioxide primary cells fabricated with EMD-MnO2 powders as cathode were compared as a function of the parameters of a manufacturing process. The flexible primary cells were prepared with EMD-MnO2, active carbon, and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder (10 wt.%) coated on an Al foil substrate. A cathode sheet with micro-porous showed a higher discharge capacity than a cathode sheet compacted by a press process. As the amount of EMD-MnO2 increased, the electrical conductivity decreased and the electrical capacity increased. The cell subjected to heat-treatment at 200˚C for 1 hr showed a high discharge capacity. The flexible primary cell made using the optimum conditions showed a capacity and an average voltage of 220 mAh/g and 2.8 V, respectively, at 437.5μA.

(Na, K) NbO3 thick film was successfully achieved using a sol-gel coating process with the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to a metal alkoxide solution. The transparent coating solution, mixed with Nb:PVP = 1:1 in a molar ration, was synthesized by evaporating the solvent to over 62.5 wt%. Additive PVP increased the viscosity of the solution so that the coating thickness could be enhanced. The thickness of the (Na, K) NbO3 film assisted by PVP was ca. 320 nm at the time of deposition; this value is four times thicker than that of the sample fabricated without PVP. Also, due to PVP binding with the OH groups of the metal alkoxide, the condensation reaction in the film was suppressed. The crystalline size of the (Na, K) NbO3 films assisted by PVP was ca. 15 nm smaller than that of the film fabricated without PVP. After the sintering process at 700˚C, the (Na, K) NbO3 films were mainly composed of randomly oriented (Na, K) NbO3 phase of perovskite crystal structure, including a somewhat secondary phase of K2Nb4O11. However, by adding PVP, the content of the secondary phase became quite smaller than that of the sample without PVP. It was thought that the addition of PVP might have the effect of restraining the loss of potassium and that PVP could hold metalloxane by strong hydrogen bonding before complete decomposition. Therefore, the film thickness of the (Na, K) NbO3 films could be considerably advanced and made more crack-free by the addition of PVP.

We have examined the co-doping effects of 1/2mol% NiO and 1/4mol% Cr2O3 (Ni:Cr=1:1) on the reaction,microstructure, and electrical properties, such as the bulk defects and the grain boundary properties, of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS;Sb/Bi=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) varistors. The sintering and electrical properties of Ni,Cr-doped ZBS, ZBS(NiCr) varistors werecontrolled using the Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14), α-spinel (Zn7Sb2O12), and δ-Bi2O3 were detected for all ofcompositions. For the sample with Sb/Bi=1.0, the Pyrochlore was decomposed and promoted densification at lowertemperature by Ni rather than by Cr. A homogeneous microstructure was obtained for all of the samples affected by α-spinel.The varistor characteristics were not dramatically improved (non-linear coefficient, α=5~24), and seemed to formZni..(0.17eV) and Vo.(0.33eV) as dominant defects. From impedance and modulus spectroscopy, the grain boundaries werefound to have been divided into two types, i.e., one is tentatively assigned to ZnO/Bi2O3 (Ni,Cr)/ZnO (0.98eV) and the otheris assigned to a ZnO/ZnO (~1.5eV) homojunction.

In this study we aimed to examine the co-doping effects of 1/6mol% Co3O4 and 1/4mol% Cr2O3 (Co:Cr=1:1)on the reaction, microstructure, and electrical properties, such as the bulk defects and the grain boundary properties, of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS; Sb/Bi=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) varistors. The sintering and electrical properties of Co,Cr-doped ZBS, ZBS(CoCr)varistors were controlled using the Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14), α-spinel (Zn7Sb2O12), and δ-Bi2O3 were formed inall systems. Pyrochlore was decomposed and promoted densification at lower temperature on heating in Sb/Bi=1.0 by Cr ratherthan Co. A more homogeneous microstructure was obtained in all systems affected by α-spinel. In ZBS(CoCr), the varistorcharacteristics were improved (non-linear coefficient, α=20~63), and seemed to form Zni..(0.20eV) and Vo.(0.33eV) asdominant defects. From impedance and modulus spectroscopy, the grain boundaries were found to be composed of anelectrically single barrier (0.94~1.1eV) that is, however, somewhat sensitive to ambient oxygen with temperature. The phasedevelopment, densification, and microstructure were controlled by Cr rather than by Co but the electrical and grain boundaryproperties were controlled by Co rather than by Cr.

We aimed to examine the co-doping effects of 1/6mol% Mn3O4 and 1/4mol% Cr2O3 (Mn:Cr=1:1) on the reaction,microstructure, and electrical properties, such as the bulk defects and grain boundary properties, of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS;Sb/Bi=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) varistors. The sintering and electrical properties of Mn,Cr-doped ZBS, ZBS(MnCr) varistors werecontrolled using the Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14), α-spinel (Zn7Sb2O12), and δ-Bi2O3 (also β-Bi2O3 at Sb/Bi≤1.0)were detected for all of the systems. Mn and Cr are involved in the development of each phase. Pyrochlore was decomposedand promoted densification at lower temperature on heating in Sb/Bi=1.0 system by Mn rather than Cr doping. A morehomogeneous microstructure was obtained in all systems affected by α-spinel. In ZBS(MnCr), the varistor characteristics wereimproved dramatically (non-linear coefficient, α=40~78), and seemed to form Vo.(0.33eV) as a dominant defect. Fromimpedance and modulus spectroscopy, the grain boundaries can be seen to have divided into two types, i.e. one is tentativelyassigned to ZnO/Bi2O3 (Mn,Cr)/ZnO (0.64~1.1eV) and the other is assigned to the ZnO/ZnO (1.0~1.3eV) homojunction.

Yellow phosphor dispersed color conversion glasses are promising phosphor materials for white LED applications because of their good thermal durability, chemical stability, and anti-ultraviolet property. Six color conversion glasses were prepared with high Tg and low Tg specimens of glass. Luminous efficacy, luminance, CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) chromaticity, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and CRI (Color Rendering Index) of the color conversion glasses were analyzed according to the PL spectrum. Color conversion glasses with high Tg glass frit, sintered at higher temperature, showed better luminous properties than did color conversion glasses with low Tg glass frit. The characteristics of the color conversion glass depended on the glass composition rather than on the sintering temperature. The XRD peaks of the YAG phosphor disappeared in the color conversion glass with major components of B2O3-ZnO-SiO2-CaO and, in the XRD results, new crystalline peaks of BaSi2O5 appeared in the color conversion glass with major components of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3-MgO. The characteristics of CIE chromaticity, CCT, and the CRI of low Tg color conversion glasses showed worse color properties than those of high Tg color conversion glasses. However, these color characteristics of low Tg glasses were improved by thickness variation. So color conversion glasses with good characteristics of both luminous and color properties were attained.

ZnO nanorods were successfully fabricated on Zn foil by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The ZnO precursor concentration and immersion time affected the surface morphologies, structure, and electrical properties of the ZnO nanorods. As the precursor concentration increased, the diameter of the ZnO nanorods increased from ca. 50 nm to ca. 150 nm. The thicknesses of the ZnO nanorods were from ca. 1.98μm to ca. 2.08μm. ZnO crystalline phases of (100), (002), and (101) planes of hexagonal wurtzite structure were confirmed by XRD measurement. The fabricated ZnO nanorods showed a photoluminescene property at 380 nm. Especially, the ZnO nanorods deposited for 6 h in solution with a concentration of 0.005M showed a stronger (101) peak than they did (100) or (002) peaks. In addition, these ZnO nanorods showed a good electrical property, with the lowest resistance among the four samples, because the nanorods were densely in contact and relatively without pores. Therefore, a ZnO nanorod substrate is useful as a highly sensitive biochip substrate to detect biomolecules using an electrochemical method.

The electrical properties of a laminated SMD type PTC thermistor for microcircuit protection were investigated as a function of polymer blowing agent addition. Green ceramics for multilayered BaTiO3-based PTCRs were formed by doctor blade method of barium titanate powders; we successfully laminated the sintered ceramic chips to obtain 10 layer chip PTCRs with PTC effect. The sintered density increases with increasing sintering temperature. The electrical properties of the sintered samples were strongly dependent on the calcination and addition of a polymer blowing agent. When BaTiO3 powders containing 0.2 mol% of Y2O3 were calcined at 1000˚C for 2 hrs, the resistivity jump was of 1-2 orders of magnitude. The resistivity at room temperature increases according to the polymer blowing agent addition. Also, the sample using the calcined powder showed a lower resistivity than that of the sample prepared using powders without calcinations. With an increase in the OBSH, the magnitude of the resistivity jumped as a function of the temperature increase. The resistivity of the sintered bodies after the addition of 0.5 wt% polymer blowing agent at 1290˚C for 2 h was shown to be about 8.5Ω·cm; the jump order of the sintered bodies was shown to be on the order of 102.

For the purpose of improving the durability problem, translucent opal glass was fabricated as a substitute for the polycarbonate diffuser of LED lighting. Calcium phosphate was used as an opacifier of opal glass and melted in an electric furnace. The opaque effect was identified according to the change of the cooling procedure. As results, translucent opal glass was obtained by the melting of a batch with a composition of 3.8% calcium phosphate at 1550˚C for 2 hrs and then the cooling of the material in the furnace. For the cooling condition of the glass sample, HTCG (High Temperature Cooled Glass) was found to have better optical properties than LTAG (Low Temperature Annealed Glass). It had excellent optical properties for a diffuser of LED lighting, with no dazzling from direct light due to its high haze value of over 99% and low parallel transmittance value of under 1%. For the thermal properties, it had an expressed thermal expansion coefficient of 5.7×10-6/˚C and a softening point of 876˚C; it also had good thermal properties such as good thermal shock resistance and was easy to apply to the general manufacturing process in the forming of glass tubes and bulbs. Therefore, it is concluded that this translucent opal glass can be used as a glass diffuser material for LED lighting with high heat resistance and high durability; this material is suitable as a substitute for polycarbonate diffusers.

The nutritional properties of the Kochujang were investigated with Fermented Extract of Hizikia fusiforme. No big differences in proximate compositions(moisture, Crude protein, Crude fat, and Crude ash, Carbohyrate) were observed between Two kinds of kochujangs tested in this study, general kochujang purchased from a market(GK), kochujang added with Fermented Extract of Hizikia fusiforme(FGK). However, FGK showed higher level of Total free amino acid(15,929.5 ng/mg), amino nitrogen(1715.88 mg%) and mineral contens than GK. the analysis of volatile compounds using GC/MS revealde than the fermentation dramatically removed off-flavors such as Acetaldehyde, Silane rimethyl(2-methylphenyl)-, 1H-Indole 2-phenyl-1-(trimethylsilyl) in Fermented Extract of Hizikia fusiforme(FGK).

To know proper drying condition for making a safe Sunsik, uncooked food, microbial and physicochemical characteristics of cereal dried by hot-air drying was investigated. As moisture content of 3 Sunsik samples was reduced to about 8%, protein, carbohydrate, fat and ash content of those was increased. But approximate composition of black bean, black rice and glutinous millete and black bean showed little changes during hot-air drying (30, 40, 50oC). Lightness (L value), redness (a value) and yellowness (b value) was increased after hot-air drying. In case of black rice and glutinous millet, b value and L value wasn't changed individually. When we measured a texture for 3 kinds of raw cereal for, hardness of dried cereals was lower than raw cereals. Hardness of dried cereals was increasd as drying temperature was increased. As results of mocrobiologicl experiment for 3 kinds of sunsik on hot-air drying conditions, total cell count was reduced 2 log - 3 log and other pathogenic microorganism wasn't detected except B. cereus.

Cellular microenvironment is an essential issue for regulating epithelial characteristics through the alteration of intricate signaling pathways and intercellular communications in different cell types. Thus, microenvironment influences tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microenvironment and epithelial property in HPV16 E6/E7-immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOKs). To investigate characteristics of IHOK cultured in different media, two media were used, which included keratinocyte growth media (KGM), F-medium composed of 3:1 ratio of DMEM and F-12 (P media) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Proliferative property and invasive and migratory activity were observed. As results, proliferating activities of IHOK in different culture condition were changed. Likewise, migratory and invasive activities were also different depending on media types. These results suggest that cellular microenvironment can affect modification of biological properties of epithelial cells.

It seems most important for a manufacturing company to be well aware of its relationship with suppliers. This is why it is essential to analyze and control the structural relationship among CEO's characteristics, relations between suppliers and manufacturers and new product development performances affected by such relations. The present study may be summed up as follows: First, from the analysis of characteristics of manufacturing company's CEO and relations between suppliers and manufacturers, it could be verified that CEO's characteristics exercised influence upon sharing of product development process and upon cooperation for technical manpower, but not upon sharing of core technologies, signifying the fact that nothing could be more important than the role of CEO who has strong will to improve his or her relations with suppliers; and Second, from the analysis of relations between suppliers and manufacturers as well as relations between management and new product development performances, it became evident that both management performance and product development performance were affected by sharing of product development process. It was also known that cooperation for technical development process had influence upon the product development performance but not upon the management performance. Furthermore, the analysis showed that both management performance as well as product development performance were affected by sharing of core technologies.

In the limitless competition era of the 21st century, cost reduction is being highlighted as one of survival strategies of businesses. The first item for cost reduction of businesses is logistical costs. The most keenly required thing for this is to remove unnecessary elements, and the best way to realize it to cut down processes using automatic facilities. Packing container in logistics is like a facility. This study is intended to analyze reduction of costs, improvement of business process and reduction of working force through standardization of standardization, and logistics effects through improvement of environmental images in enterprises.

This study was performed in order to determine the processing conditions (pre-drying at room temperature for 0 or 30 min, frying at 160℃ for 1 min or at 180℃ for 40 sec, and soaking for 0～24 h) of Sasambeong recorded in the “Sumunsasul”. The Sasambeong was evaluated for crude lipid content, hardness, Hunter’s color values, and sensory characteristics. After pre-drying at room temperature for 30 min, the crude lipid contents and hardness of Sasambeong were significantly increased. In addition, the crude lipid content and hardness of Sasambeong did not differ significantly according to the frying conditions. After pre-drying, the sensory characteristics of Sasambeong showed more improvement. The crude lipid content, hardness, Hunter’s color values, and sensory characteristics of Sasambeong, which were prepared according to different soaking times (0, 6, 12, or 24 hr) were investigated. As soaking time increased, the crude lipid content and hardness of Sasambeong decreased with a range of 25.43～24.31% and 525.90～388.98 g, respectively. The sensory characteristics of Sasambeong showed no significant difference according to the soaking time. Overall, we think that the best processing conditions of Sasambeong were pre-drying at room temperature for 30 min and then frying at 160℃ for 1 min.

This study examined the historical changes in Jeon. The Korean dictionary was analyzed to analyze the modern definition of Jeon. To investigate the change in the type and cooking methods of Jeon, 36 cookbooks from the late 1800s to 1999 were analyzed. The cooking method for Jeon, such as the ingredient, quantity and how to cooking were presented systematically since 1935. The main ingredients of jeon in modern cookbooks are seafood 36.0%, vegetables 30.2% and meat 20.3%. Jeon made with seafood or vegetables, chopped meat put in each main ingredient or meatballs with minced meat, etc. meat was used to make Jeon in a variety of ways. The cooking method for Jeon in a frying pan is the most basic method. After trimmed materials, adding flour, eggs and oil are the most common way. Making dough with grain flour or ground potatoes, green beans, legumes, etc., and mixing the ingredients in a pan-frying methods appeared to be under the influence of other countries recipes. Modern food culture, introducing new ingredients and cookware, has changed. As a result, jeon cooking methods and the application of the material have varied. The type of jeon and cooking methods are expected to increase further and become more diverse.

물벼룩 급성 독성 평가를 위한 비타민A 강화벼의 분자생물학적 특성을 분석한 결과, Southern blot에서 베타-카로틴 생합성을 위한 Psy와 CrtI 유전자들이 one-copy로 도입됨을 확인하였으며, 선발마커인 Bar 유전자의 단백질 검출 immunostrip 분석에서도 비타민A 강화벼에서만 검출되었다. 비타민A 강화벼의 목적하는 최종 산물인 베타-카로틴 함량도 낙동벼에 비해 8.9배 증가됨을 확인하였다. 비타민A 강화벼와 낙동벼의 농업환경 생물지표종인 물벼룩(Daphniamagna)에 대한 급성독성시험을 실시한 결과, 비타민A 강화벼의 48시간-EC50은 3,311.40 mg/L(95% 신뢰한계 : 2,901.39 ~ 3,779.23 mg/L), 무영 향농도(NOEC)는 1,800 mg/L였고, 낙동벼는 48시간-EC50은 3,655.23 mg/L(95% 신뢰한계 : 3,156.71 ~ 4,232.86 mg/L), 무영향농도는 1,800 mg/L였다. 따라서 Psy와 CrtI 유전자가 형질전환된 비타민A 강화벼 및 낙동벼가 환경 지표생물종인 물벼룩에 미치는 영향 평가 결과 상대적 동등성을 보였으며, 이는 Psy와 CrtI 유전자의 단백질 노출이 물벼룩에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 용매열합성법(solvothermal method)을 이용해 나노기공 HKUST-1 분리막을 제조하였다. In-situ 용매열합성법을 이용하는 경우, 매크로 기공의 알루미나 지지체 위에 균일하고 균열이 없는 HKUST-1 층을 형성하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 용매열합성 전에 알루미나 지지체의 표면을 가열한 상태에서 용매열합성의 전구체 용액을 분무하므로 연속적이고 균열이 없는 HKUST-1 분리막을 제조할 수 있었다. 합성된 HKUST-1 분리막은 XRD, FE-SEM 및 단일 기체투과 실험 등을 통해 분석하였다.

경기지역에서 담배가루이의 발생 및 약제반응을 조사하였다. 담배가루이는 13개 시군에서 발생되었으며, 유전자(16S rRNA, MtCOI) 분석결과, 고양시 일부지역은 biotype B와 Q가 혼재되었으나, 그 밖의 지역에서 2005부터 국내 발생이 보고되었던 biotype Q로 나타났다. 채집곤충 및 기주식물의 total DNA에 대해 PCR을 통한 염기서열 분석과 southern hybridization 분석 결과 모든 지역에서 Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(TYLCV)는 검출되지 않았다. 5개 지역에서 채집한 6 개체군의 담배가루이를 실내사육하면서 유묘검정법으로 성충에 대한 살충제 감수성을 검정한 결과, 지역별로 다소 차이는 있었지만 네오니코티노이드계 약제의 경우 biotype B에게 높은 살충활성을 나타낸 반면 biotype Q에게는 상대적으로 낮은 살충활성을 나타내었다.