본 연구는 국내에 분포하는 특정도서에 서식하는 조류의 다양성에 미치는 서식지 요인의 구명을 위해 2017년 5월부 터 2019년 10월까지 서해안과 남해안에 분포하는 65개의 도서를 대상으로 수행하였다. 서식지 환경은 수치지형도를 기반으로 산출된 도서의 면적과 육지로부터의 거리, 토지 피복 유형을 구분하여 이용하였다. 조사지역의 서식지 환경과 조류 군집의 생물다양성 사이의 관계를 분석한 결과 도서 내 숲의 비율과 더불어 수역의 비율, 도서의 크기, 초지의 비율이 영향을 주는 요인으로 추출되었다. 서식지의 크기는 생물이 서식할 수 있는 공간의 증가와 연관되며, 이는 생물의 수용 능력과 밀접하게 관련된다. 또한 서식지 내 환경의 다양성은 조류 군집의 서식지 선택에 영향을 미치게 되고 그에 따라 보다 다양한 환경을 갖는 서식지에서 생물다양성이 증가한 것으로 판단한다. 본 연구 결과는 조류의 서식지 및 중간 기착지로 가치가 높은 국내 특정도서의 조류 군집의 보존 및 종 다양성 증진을 위한 기초 생태자료로서 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 국내에 수입되는 다양한 종류의 패류를 대상 으로 미관리 독소인 AZA와 AZA유사체 4종에 대한 동시 검출법을 확립하였다. 2020-2023년 기간동안 수집된 수입 패류 467샘플을 대상으로 모니터링을 수행한 결과, 러시 아에서 수입된 돌조개 2점에서 AZA-2가 정량한계 이하로 검출된 것을 확인하였다. 이는 해외의 AZA관리 기준에 미치치 않는 미량의 독소로 인체에 위해도는 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시험법으로 수입산 패류 의 안전관리에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Hot section components of gas turbines are exposed to a high operating temperature environment. To protect these components, thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are applied to their surfaces. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which is widely used as a TBC material, faces limitations at temperatures above 1200 °C. To mitigate these issues, research has focused on adding lanthanide rare earth oxides and tetravalent oxides to prevent the phase-transformation of the monoclinic phase in zirconia. This study investigated the effects of varying TiO2 content in Nd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doped YSZ composites. Increasing TiO2 content effectively suppressed formation of the monoclinic phase and increased the thermal degradation resistance compared to YSZ in environments over 1200 °C. These findings will aid in developing more thermally stable and efficient TBC materials for application in high-temperature environments.

테트로도톡신(tetrodotoxin, TTX)은 강력한 해양생물 유 래 신경독소로, 수산물 내 TTX를 검출하기 위해 기존에 주로 사용되는 mouse bioassay (MBA)와 LC-MS/MS 기법 은 낮은 검출한계와 동물 윤리 문제 등의 한계가 있어 이 를 대체할 새로운 시험법 개발이 필요합니다. Neuro-2a assay는 대표적인 세포기반 대체 시험법으로, 이 방법은 마우스 신경모세포인 Neuro-2a 세포주에 ouabain (O)과 veratridine (V)을 처리하여 과도한 Na+ 유입으로 인한 세 포 사멸을 유도한 후, Na+ 채널 억제제인 TTX가 Na+ 유 입을 차단해 세포를 보호하는 원리를 이용해 TTX를 정량 합니다. 본 연구에서는 Neuro-2a assay를 국내 실험실 환경에 적용하기 위해 TTX 처리 조건과 O/V 농도 등의 매 개변수를 최적화하였습니다. 그 결과, 최적 O/V 농도로 600/60 μM를 설정하였으며, S자형 용량-반응 곡선이 도출 되는 8가지 농도(50-0.195 ng/mL)를 확인하였습니다. 또한, 24번의 반복 실험을 통해 데이터의 신뢰도를 평가할 수 있는 6가지 data criteria를 확립하였으며, 이 중 EC50 값 은 약 3.824-1.268 ng/mL로 나타났습니다. 실험실 간 변동 성 비교 결과, COV+와 Bottom OD값을 제외한 모든 품 질 관리 기준(quality control criteria)과 데이터 기준(data criteria)의 변동계수(CVs)는 1.31-14.92%로 도출되어, 실험 의 적정성과 재현성이 확인되었습니다. 본 연구는 국내에 서 활용 가능한 TTX 검출용 Neuro-2a assay의 최적 조 건과 신뢰성을 평가할 수 있는 quality control criteria와 data criteria를 제시하였습니다. 아울러, TTX뿐만 아니라 유사체인 4,9-anhydroTTX에 대한 TEF 값을 0.2098로 산 출하여, TTX뿐 아니라 다양한 유사체의 검출이 가능함 을 확인하였습니다. 향후, 본 시험법은 국내 수산물 내 TTX 검출을 위한 MBA 대체법으로 활용될 것으로 기대 됩니다.

Mo-ODS alloys have excellent mechanical properties, including an improved recrystallization temperature, greater strength due to dispersed oxides, and the ability to suppress grain growth at high temperatures. In ODS alloys, the dispersed Y2O3 and added Ti form Y-Ti-O complex oxides, producing finer particles than those in the initial Y2O3. The complex oxides increase high-temperature stability and improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. In particular, the use of TiH2 powder, which is more brittle than conventional Ti, can enable the distribution of finer oxides than is possible with conventional Ti powder during milling. Moreover, dehydrogenation leads to a more refined powder size in the reduction process. This study investigated the refinement of Yi2Ti2O7 in a nano Mo-ODS alloy using TiH2. The alloy compositions were determined to be Mo-0.5Ti-0.5Yi2O3 and Mo-1.0Ti-0.5Yi2Oi2. The nano Mo-ODS alloys were fabricated using Ti and TiH2 to explore the effects of adding different forms of Ti. The sintered specimens were analyzed through X-ray diffraction for phase analysis, and the microstructure of the alloys was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Vickers hardness tests were conducted to determine the effect of the form of Ti added on the mechanical properties, and it was found that using TiHi2 effectively improved the mechanical properties.

식품의약품안전처는 기후 변화 및 수입 식품 다변화에 따른 위험 요소에 선제적으로 대응하기 위해 신규 출현 가능 해양생물독소 뿐만 아니라 현재 관리하고 있는 분야 까지 포함한 ‘해양생물 독소의 선제적 대응을 위한 안전 관리망 구축’ 사업을 5년에 걸쳐 추진하고 있다. 이 사업 을 통해 국내 연안에서 발생하는 해양생물독소 뿐만 아니 라 해외에서 발생하는 독소 사고에 신속하게 대응함으로 새로운 해양독소의 유입과 피해를 방지하고, 국내외에서 관리되는 독소 및 신규 독소를 국가 차원에서 관리 감독 할 수 있는 시스템을 마련하여 우리나라 수산물 안전관리 수준을 국제적으로 향상시켜 국내 수산업의 안전을 강화 하고 수출 경쟁력 확보에도 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

본 논문에서는 3D 프린팅 공정을 통해 제작된 단섬유 강화 복합소재 구조물의 기계적 거동을 효과적으로 예측하기 위한 AM 공정 연계 구조 해석 기법을 제안하였다. 복합소재 3D 프린터(Mark Two, Markforged)를 활용하여 다양한 노즐 경로를 갖는 인장 시편을 출력하였으며, 출력물에 대한 인장 시험을 진행하였다. 또한, 노즐 경로에 따른 부위별 이방 물성을 도출하기 위해 실험적 데이터를 기반으로 역공학 기법을 적용하였다. 제안된 AM 공정 연계 구조 해석 방안의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 실험 결과와의 비교/분석을 병 행하였으며, 부위별 이방 물성이 반영된 FE 모델을 바탕으로 AM 공정 연계 구조 해석을 수행함으로써 복합소재 3D 프린팅 출력물의 거동 양상을 정확하게 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze dietary self-efficacy and Nutrition Quotient (NQ) according to the degree of food-related content use in university students. From October to November 2022, a total of 332 college students (140 males and 192 females) attending universities in Chungcheongbuk-do were surveyed to collect data on general information, food-related content use level, dietary self-efficacy, and NQ for adults. The average dietary self-efficacy score of the group that did not use food content was 3.08 points, which was significantly higher than the group that watched it sometimes (2.89 points) and the group that watched it often (2.83 points) (p=0.0191). The total NQ score of 48.85 points was the highest among the three groups (p=0.0270). For subjects who responded that they had no experience of eating food at all after using food content, their dietary self-efficacy was 3.03, which was significantly higher than the group with occasional or frequent food consumption experience (p=0.0194). Results of this study can be used as basic data for clarifying the relationship between the use of food-related content and eating habits in university students and for proper eating habits education for university students.

본 논문의 주요 목적은 총체전력 정책(TFP, Total Forces Policy) 차원에 서 국방동원 환경 변화에 부합하는 우리 군의 예비전력의 역할 변화와 방안 방향에 대해 제시하는 봄에 있다. 이를 위해서 주요 분석 요소는 미래 국방 동원 환경 변화에 따른 예비전력의 운용과 역할 변화, 국방동원에 대한 인식 전환, 4차 산업기술을 활용한 과학화 예비군훈련장의 구축 현황과 활용 방안이다. 장기화되고 있는 러-우 전쟁에서 볼 수 있듯이, 미래전의 양상과 인구급감에 따른 첨단 과학기술 중심의 군 구조 개편 등을 고려해 볼 때, 상 비군 중심의 전투에 예비군이 보완하는 형태의 전쟁 수행은 어려울 것이다. 국가 총체전력 차원에서 유사시 전장에서 상비전력과의 동반전력으로 전쟁 을 억제하고 전쟁의 지속능력을 보장할 수 있는 예비전력에 대한 인식 전환 을 통해 예산 확보와 주요 핵심 필요한 역할 등을 점진적으로 확대해야 한 다. 따라서 다양한 분쟁 상황에 대비하여 예비군을 필요한 시기와 장소에 적시적으로 보충하기 위해서 과학화 예비군훈련장을 중심으로 장비와 물 자를 편성해서 실전적 훈련이 꾸준히 전개돼야 한다.

Skeletal muscle is an organ that regulates biological metabolic energy. Its dysfunction causes decline of body functions and disability, thus deteriorating the overall quality of life. Various materials are being developed with an anti-sarcolytic effect. However, anti-sarcolytic effect of Sinomenium acutum rhizomes extract (SAE) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate anti-muscle atrophy effects of SAE and its alkaloids, including sinomenine (SIN), magnoflorine (MF), acutumine (ACU), and N-ferultyramine (NFT) isolated from SAE, on dexamethasone (Dex)-induced myotubules. C2C12 myogenic cells differentiated for 6 days were treated with 1 mM Dex for 24 hours. Induction of muscular atrophy was confirmed by a decrease in myogenin expression. We found that Dex increased expression levels of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx/atrogin-1. However, mRNA and protein levels of these muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases were significantly reduced by cotreatment with SIN, MF, and NFT in myotubes. Glucose uptake reduced by Dex in myotubules were also restored by SIN, MF, and NFT treatments. These results suggest that SIN, MF, and NFT can reduce muscle wasting and enhance glucose uptake in Dex-treated myotubes, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents to prevent muscle atrophy.

Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key mechanism of skin aging, and the use of antioxidants is an effective strategy to prevent the symptoms associated with ROS-induced skin aging. The components rich in polyphenolic compounds with antioxidative activity were identified by fractionating an aqueous ethanolic extract of Gryllus bimaculatus (AE-GBE) using solvent using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Their ability to migrate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was then evaluated. The butanol fraction of AE-GBE had the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant effect, followed by the ethyl acetate and water fractions, suggesting that the likely antioxidant components are polar components. Furthermore, the butanol, ethyl acetate, and water fractions effectively reduced intracellular ROS production and DNA damage in HDF cells caused by H2O2. Overall, these findings suggest that the butanol fraction of AE-GBE shows promise as a natural insect-derived antioxidant material, capable of suppressing oxidative stress by showing a stronger antioxidant effect under H2O2 stimulation than the other fractions.

To utilize textured vegetable protein (TVP) in food manufacturing, TVP was soaked in salt solutions of different concentrations. Physicochemical quality characteristics of TVP were then measured. When TVP was soaked in a salt solution, the pH tended to increase compared to the control. However, the pH decreased after 18 hours of soaking. The salinity of the control decreased slightly from the initial value depending on the soaking time. The group treated with salt solution showed higher salinity than the control. Water absorption capacity of the control increased as the soaking time increased. However, water absorption capacity of the group treated with salt solution decreased as the concentration of salt solution increased. Lightness of the group treated with salt solution showed less change than the control during soaking. The redness increased as the concentration of salt solution increased. The yellowness increased compared to the control during soaking. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the control decreased during soaking in water. The group treated with salt solution showed significantly higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness as the concentration of the salt solution increased. However, adhesiveness, elasticity, and cohesiveness generally did not show significant differences among samples.

This study aimed to identify consumer demands and propose improvement measures for restaurants by conducting an importance-satisfaction analysis of the attributes that influence dining consumers’ restaurant selection. The key findings are as follows: An analysis of consumer hygiene behavior revealed that participants were particularly vigilant about washing food ingredients, checking expiration dates, and maintaining personal hygiene before meals. Notably, women exhibited significantly higher hygiene behaviors than men in 9 out of 12 items. The importance analysis of restaurant selection attributes indicated that “food cleanliness” and “food taste” were prioritized, with women assigning higher importance to almost all attributes, particularly emphasizing restaurant cleanliness and food taste. The satisfaction analysis showed that “food taste” and “food cleanliness” were the most satisfying attributes, with significant gender differences observed in 4 out of 26 items. The importance-satisfaction analysis demonstrated that satisfaction levels were consistently lower than importance levels across all 26 attributes. The ISA analysis identified that items in the second quadrant, such as restroom cleanliness, reasonable price, and the provision of food safety information, were in the most urgent need of improvement. Overall, the study highlights that consumers place a high level of importance on hygiene and cleanliness in restaurants, reflecting a market with increasingly stringent hygiene standards.

탄소중립을 달성하기 위해 이산화탄소를 포집, 활용, 저장하는 CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) 기 술이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 광물 탄산화 공정을 통해 이산화탄소를 탄산염으로 고정하고, 이를 전이금속 탄산염 기반 리튬이온배터리 (LIB) 음극재로 적용하였다. CO2를 탄산염으로 고정후, 이를 이용해 FeCO3를 제작하고, rGO와 PVP와 복합 화하여 음극활물질에 적용하였다. rGO는 전기전도도를 높이고 입자의 응집을 방지해 부피 팽창을 완화했으며, PVP는 계면 활성제로서 입자 표면을 안정화하여 구조적 안정성을 강화하였다. FeCO3-PVP-rGO 복합체 기반한 음극재에 대한 전기화학 테스트를 진행한 결과, FeCO3/rGO 복합체는 1,620 mA/g의 전류 밀도에서 50 사이클 이후에도 400 mAh/g의 용량을 유지하 였다. 본 연구는 CO2를 고부가가치 배터리 소재로 전환하여 차세대 에너지 저장 기술에 기여할 가능성을 시사한다.

This study aimed to understand the needs of consumers in the meal kit market and determine the impact of meal kit selection attributes according to the consumption behavior of single-person households on purchase decisions and satisfaction. A summary of the results of this study is as follows: First, the most frequent purchase frequency of meal kits was 2 to 3 times a month. The reason for purchase was that it was easy to consume, and the most common purpose of purchase was for consumption. Second, four factors, including health, convenience, taste, and economics, were derived as a result of a factor analysis of meal kit selection attributes. The difference in meal kit selection attributes according to age groups revealed that those in their 20s had high scores with respect to health and taste factors, and economic factors appeared statistically significant. Third, an analysis of the meal kit product selection attributes showed that health and taste factors had a positive influence on satisfaction. This can be said to reflect the tendency of single-person households to give weightage to healthy eating and to purchase products that can be consumed conveniently.

PURPOSES : Recently, interest in radioactive accidents has increased due to domestic and international nuclear power plant accidents. In particular, local residents' concerns are increasing due to safety issues such as radioactive leaks at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea. As Gwangju Metropolitan City is not included in the emergency planning area set by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, there are significant limitations to establishing disaster prevention measures for nuclear power plant accidents. Considering the Fukushima and Hanbit nuclear power plant accidents, the improvement of Gwangju Metropolitan City's radioactive leak accident response manual is urgently required. This study aimed to establish disaster prevention measures to respond to nuclear power plant accidents in Gwangju Metropolitan City in the event of a Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant accident and to improve resident protection measures by estimating the arrival time of radioactive materials and radiation dosage through a nuclear power plant accident simulation. Additionally, we aimed to supplement the on-site action manual for radioactive leaks at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. METHODS : This study focused on establishing disaster prevention measures centered on Gwangju Metropolitan City in the event of a major accident such as a radioactive leak at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. Simulations were conducted assuming a major accident such as a radioactive leak, measures to improve resident protection were established by calculating the arrival time of radioactive materials and radiation dosage in the Gwangju area in the event of a nuclear power plant accident, and on-site response action manuals were supplemented in response to a radioactive leak. RESULTS : This study considered the concerns of local residents due to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident and the Hanbit nuclear power plant failure, conducted a simulation to derive the impact on Gwangju Metropolitan City, and examined the effectiveness of an on-site response manual for radioactive leaks to derive improvement measures. CONCLUSIONS : In the event of an accident at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in Gwangju Metropolitan City, insufficient portions of the on-site response action manual should be supplemented, and close cooperation with local governments within the emergency planning area should be ensured to respond to radioactive disasters. Therefore, based on the revised on-site response action manual for radioactive leaks, close cooperation and a clear division of roles among local governments will enable effective resident protection measures to be implemented in the event of a radioactive disaster.

내시경역행담췌관조영술(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP)은 풍부한 임상경험과 내시경 기술이 요구되는 시술로, 다양한 합병증이 발생할 수 있으며 일부는 생명과 연관된 심각한 합병증으로 진행할 수 있다. 시술 적응증 확대와 기술적 발전으로 ERCP는 널리 이용되고 있고 이러한 변화는 시술의 접근성을 증가시키는 장점이 있다. 그러나 적절한 질 관리 없이 시행되는 시술은 상당한 위험을 야기할 수 있다. ERCP의 질 관리는 안전하고 성공적인 시술을 보장하고 향상된 의료 경쟁력을 위한 사회적 요구를 충족 시키기 위해 필수적인 것이다. 이러한 관심에 대응하기 위해 대한췌장담도학회는 국내 의료 환경과 현실이 반영된 한국형 ERCP 질 지표를 개발하였다. 먼저, 외국에서 발표된 ERCP 질 지표 및 관련 문헌 검토를 기반으로 하여 다섯 가지의 시술 전 처치 항목, 세 가지의 시술 중 처치 항목 및 네 가지 시술 후 처치 항목에 대한 주요 질문을 작성하였다. 각 항목의 서술과 권고사항은 동료 평가를 통해 선택되었다. 개발된 한국형 ERCP 질 지표는 개발 당시 최신 발표된 논문을 기반으로 외부 전문가에 의해 검토되었다. 국내 현실에 맞춘 이 한국형 ERCP 질 지표는 우리나라의 ERCP 질 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes caused by personal mobility (PM) devices compared with those involving victims. METHODS : Traffic crashes involving PM devices were used to build a non-parametric statistical model using a classification tree. Based on the results, the factors influencing both at-fault and victim-related crashes caused by PM devices were analyzed. The factors affecting accident severity were also compared. RESULTS : Common factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes involving both perpetrators and victims using PM devices include occurrences at intersections, crosswalks at intersections, single roads, and inside tunnels. Traffic law violations by PM device users (perpetrators) influence the severity of crashes. Meanwhile, factors such as the behavior of perpetrators using other modes of transportation, rear-end collisions, road geometry, and weather conditions affect the severity of crashes where PM device users are the victims. CONCLUSIONS : To reduce the severity of traffic crashes involving PM devices, it is essential to extend the length of physically separated shared paths for cyclists and pedestrians, actively enforce laws to prevent violations by PM device users, and provide systematic and regular educational programs to ensure safe driving practices among PM device users.

PURPOSES : According to government data, the Black Spot Program has resulted in an average 28.8% reduction in traffic accidents within one year of project implementation in areas where road conditions improved. However, there has been a lack of in-depth analysis of the midto- long-term effects, with a predominant focus on short-term results. This study aimed to analyze the mid-to-long-term effects of the Black Spot Program to assess the sustainability of its reported short-term impact. Additionally, the differences in the mid-to-long-term effects were investigated based on the scale of traffic accidents at intersections and the characteristics of these effects are revealed. METHODS : The mid-to-long-term effects of the Black Spot Program were analyzed at 122 intersections in Seoul, Korea, where the program was implemented between 2013 and 2017, using traffic accident data spanning five years before and after implementation. Additionally, the differences in the program's effects were analyzed at the top-100 intersections with the highest traffic accident concentration in Seoul using the chi-square test to identify these differences. To theoretically validate these differences, the Hurst exponent, commonly used in economics, was applied to analyze the regression to the mean of the intersections and reveal the correlation with improvement. RESULTS : Through the Black Spot Program at 122 intersections, a 33.3% short-term accident reduction was observed. However, the midto- long-term effect analysis showed a 25.8% reduction, indicating a slightly smaller effect than previously reported. Specifically, the top-100 intersections exhibit a 15.4% reduction. A chi-square test with a 95% confidence level indicated significant differences in the program’s effects based on the scale of traffic accidents at intersections. The Hurst index (H ) was measured for the top-100 intersections, yielding H = 0.331. This is stronger than the overall H = 0.382 for all intersections in Seoul, suggesting that the regression to the mean is more pronounced, which may lead to a lower effectiveness of the improvement. CONCLUSIONS : The mid-to-long-term effects of the Black Spot Program were relatively lower than its short-term effects, with larger differences in effectiveness observed based on the scale of traffic accidents at intersections. This indicates the need to redefine the criteria for selecting project targets by focusing on intensive improvements at intersections, where significant effects can be achieved.

This study aimed to investigate the difference that convolutional neural network(CNN) shows in the determining osteoporosis on panoramic radiograph by performing a paired test by inputting the original image and the limited image including the cortical bone of the posterior border of the mandible used by radiologists. On panoramic radiographs of a total of 661 subjects (mean age 66.3 years ± 11.42), the area including the cortical bone of the posterior part of the mandible was divided into the left and right sides, and the ROI was set, and the remaining area was masked in black to form the limited image. For training of VGG-16, panoramic radiographs of 243 osteoporosis subjects (mean age 72.67 years ± 7.97) and 222 normal subjects (mean age 53.21 years ± 2.46) were used, and testing 1 and testing 2 were performed on the original and limited images, respectively, using panoramic radiographs of 51 osteoporosis subjects (mean age 72.78 years ± 8.3) and 47 normal subjects (mean age 53.32 years ± 2.81). The accuracy of VGG-16 for determining osteoporosis was 97%, in the testing 1 and 100% in the testing 2. When determining osteoporosis on the original image, CNN showed sensitivity in a wide range of areas including not only the inferior cortical bone of the mandible but also the maxillary and mandibular cancellous bone, cervical spine, and zygomatic bone. When the same ROI including the lower inferior cortical border of the mandible of the osteoporosis group was applied and the sensitive region was compared between the original image and the limited image, the original image showed wider sensitive region in cancellous bone and cortical bone than on the limited image (p<.05). Since osteoporosis is a disease that affects throughout the skeletal system, this finding seems very valid.