Buckwheat Soksungjang (BS) is a bealmijang manufactured with buckwheat and soybeans. We manufactured BS using Bacillus subtilis HJ18-4 (HJ18-4), which has high enzyme activities and antibacterial effects. HJ18-4 was inoculated in a different process during the BS manufacturing, which was the meju-making time (Treat 1), and the salt water time was added (Treat 2). The physiochemical and microbial characteristics of the BS were analyzed. As a result, the total aerobic counts (7~8 log CFU/mL) in the BS increased after 15 days of fermentation. Especially, Treat 1 showed higher total aerobic counts and amino-type nitrogen (65.38~202.52 mg%) than Treat 2. During the BS fermentation, the reduction of the sugar contents and the enzyme (protease and amylase) activities decreased. In the relative quantitative expression level of PlcR, Treat 1 did not show toxin gene expressions at the end of the fermentation on Day 23. Treat 1 showed suitable B. cereus physiochemical quality characteristics and inhibition effects. When the modified-form type of fermented soybean paste was manufactured with a single starter, it could not reproduce the natural fermentation quality. These results suggest that the addition of a starter (HJ18-4) in the Meju manufacturing process could enhance the quality characteristics of the manufactured BS via natural fermentation and by suppressing B. cereus.

PVC waterproofing sheet is applied in exposed form on the rooftop of building. However, existing reinforcing fiber is would be occurred defect of waterproofing layer tear, because it has a anisotropy. As a result of test, while A-specimen and C-specimen have not the anisotropy, B-specimen has the anisotropy. B-specimen which is applied patterns of reinforcing fiber of I-type, is wide variations in the mechanical properties. C-specimen which is applied patterns of reinforcing fiber of Z-type, is not wide variations in the mechanical properties because it has the anisotropy.

Waterproof layer to the waterproof constructionon the base surface was wet or swelling, problems such as cheered up occurs. In this study, we use the high elastic inorganic coating waterproof material, to evaluate the adhesion of a wet base surface.

화장품에 배합되는 원료 중에 피부 모공을 막아 여드름의 초기단계인 면포를 유발함으로써 염증성 여드름으로 악화시키는 사례가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 ‘여드름 피부에 사용이 적합한’ 면포 비유발성 화장품의객관적인 평가 기준을 마련하고자 하였다. 외국 임상기관에서 실시하고 있는 non-comedogenic test를 조사하고 등 상부 반복 폐쇄 첩포를 통해 면포 유발 평가방법을 확립하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 안면부 사용성시험을 동일 피험자에게 추가로 진행하였다. 등 상부 반복 폐쇄 첩포를 통해 면포를 채취하여 분석한 결과 시험시료로 사용한 보습제와 자외선 차단제가 면포를 유발하지 않음을 확인할 수 있었고, 동일한 시험제품을 안면부에 사용하여 얻은 면포 유발 결과와 Global acne grading system (GAGS)의 여드름 육안평가 결과는 상관관계가 없었다. 또한 사진 판독을 통해 분석하는 면포와 모낭의 구별을 용이하게 하기 위해 면포 채취 표본에 Oilred O staining을 실시하였다. 염색을 한 경우의 표본이 염색을 하지 않은 표본과 비교하여 결과 간 높은 일치도를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 Oil red O staining을 통해 객관성과 신뢰성을 증진시킨 새로운 버전의 화장품면포 비유발성 평가법을 확립하였다.

국내 강원광산과 동해광산 주변 토양입자의 이화학적 광물학적 특성을 이용해 이들 광산주변내 토양 중금속 오염 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 입도에 따른 중금속의 농도를 분석한 결과 강원광산의 경우 가장 큰 입경군인 10~18 mesh 구간에서 비소가 250.5 ppm, 가장 작은 325 mesh 이하 구간에서 445.7 ppm으로 나타났다. 동해광산의 경우에도 마찬가지로 10~18 mesh 구간에서 비소 70.4 ppm, 납 1,055 ppm, 아연 789.9 ppm으로 나타났으며 325 mesh 이하 구간에서 비소 117.7 ppm, 납 2,295 ppm, 아연 1,346 ppm으로 입도가 작아질수록 농집되는 경향을 보였다. 중금속과 토양 내 광물의 상호작용을 분석하기 위해 물리적 선별(자력, 부유선별) 후, 이들 시료에 대한 X-선 회절분석과 주사전자현미경 분석결과 강원광산 시료의 주 구성광물은 석영, 운모, 조장석, 녹니석, 자철석, 각섬석으로 확인되었으며 동해광산 시료에서는 석영, 운모, 고령석, 녹니석, 각섬석, 금홍석이 주 광물들로 나타났다. 강원광산의 자철석은 비소 농도와의 상관성이 매우 좋은 것으로 나타난 반면, 동해광산 시료에서는 티탄철석이 확인되었으며 미량의 비소를 포함하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과들은 토양 내 광물의 이화학적 정보와 광물학적 특성 규명이 토양 오염원 형태와 이를 바탕으로 한 토양환경 오염처리에 매우 중요함을 시사하고 있다.

이 연구는 다문화가정아동의 사회적응이 이슈화되는 상황에서 보육교사의 다문화수용성이 어린이집 적응아동에게 미치는 영향을 한국형 다문화수용성척도(KMCI)와 유아교육기관 부적응진단검사(PBQ)로 분석하여 다문화아동의 적응에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 경기도 안산시와 김포시의 위치한 34개 어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사 중 다문화가정아동을 담당하는 담임교사 73명과 재원중인 만 3-5세 아동 223명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 보육교사의 다문화수용성은 연령이 높고 경력이 많을수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아동의 어린이집적응 차이는 일반가정아동이 다문화가정아동보다 잘 적응하는 것으로 나타났으며 아동의 성별에서 여아가 남아보다 잘 적응하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 담임교사의 배경변인에 따라서는 미혼과 낮은 연령일수록 아동이 잘 적응하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 담임교사의 다문화수용성이 높은 교사의 아동일수록 어린이집적응을 잘 하는 것으로 나타났으며 구체적으로 교사와의 관계성차원에서 더욱 적응이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this article is to research and evaluate the Chosunyaklon(朝鮮畧論) of the Anglican Church of Korea. Chosunyaklon has not been well known so far. This manuscript small book has been in the Central Library of Yonsei University. Chosunyaklon is consist of five parts, including the history of Chosun(朝鮮國歷史), the culture(敎化), the religion(宗敎), Christianity(基督敎), and the Anglican Church of Korea(朝鮮聖公會). And the first two pages of The Book of Common Prayer of Korea(公禱文) are sealed in the last part of this book. Considering the contents of it, Chosunyaklon is supposed to have been written in 1911-1912. And compared with the record about the Anglican Church of Korea, The Book of Common Prayer of Korea in this book is considered to be made in 1908. The contents of this book might reveal the viewpoint of the first bishop of Korea, Charles John Corfe(高要翰, 1843∼1921) and his successor, Arthur Bresford Turner(端雅德, 1862∼1910). This book might be written by John Samuel Badcock(朴要翰, 1869∼1942), who was an important assistant of two bishops. The purpose of this book could be to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Korea Mission by the Anglican Church, and to report the situation about the Anglican Church of Korea to Mark Napier Trollope(趙馬可, 1862∼1930), the new bishop. The contents of Chosunyaklon, however, were not written according to the true knowledge about Korea. Sometimes the author of it revealed the attitude regarded as Orientalism by Edward Wadie Said. He regarded the Korea History as the history strongly influenced by China, and considered the rule of Japan as desirable for Korea and the mission. Yet the author had tendency to accept the union work over denominations based on ecumenical angle, the attitude to Korea situation of early 20th century was something different to those of missionaries who had supported independent Korea such as Horace Newton Allen(安連, 1858∼1932), Horace Grant Underwood(元杜尤, 1859∼1916), Oliver R. Avison(魚丕信, 1860∼1956), James Scarth Gale(奇一, 1863∼1937), and Homer Bezaleel Hulbert(訖法, 1863∼1949).

The phenolic compounds of water extracts from Prunella vulgaris were highest at 9.25 mg/g, respectively, when various extraction solvents were used. The optimum condition for extracting phenolic compounds from Prunella vulgaris was extraction in water for 18hr. The DPPH-scavenging activities of Prunella vulgaris were highest at the water extracts. The ABTS radical cation decolorization was higher than 40% in the range of 0~100% ethanol extract section. The antioxidant protection factor on the lipophilic phenolic metabolites was shown to be 1.1 PF in the water extracts from Prunella vulgaris. The TBARS was lower than the control (0.53 μM) in all the sections. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, which is related to skin whitening, was above 40%, and for the anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity was above 40% at 0.2 mg/mL. The astringent effect of the Prunella vulgaris 40%ethanol extracts was 98.1% at 1 mg/mL. As a result, it can be concluded that Prunella vulgaris has the potential to be used as a cosmetic material.

This study is to understand the flexural behaviors of hollow core beam using GFRP reinforcing Bar. The ultimate goal of this study is to apply the hollow core slab using GFRP reinforcing bar in a construction site. To achieve this, five specimens is planned and conducted on experimental study. The shape and size of specimen are rectangular shape of cross section with 210mm x 230mm. As a results of test, to add deformed bar in hollow core beam using GFRP reinforcing bar demonstrated superior flexural performance. Therefore hollow core beam using GFRP reinforcing bar is considered appropriate to apply in the field.

Existing polyurethane occurred the environmental issues with the volatile organic solvent mixing tar. This study evaluates the basic properties of a rapid hardening polyurethane, available with spray construction, modified with polyamine mixing carbon black. As a result, stable basic property is measured even surpassed KS.

Agri-food garlic has been recognized as healthful because of its antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant effects. As such, its consumption is steadily increasing. This study was conducted to amplify the healthful ingredient of garlic, allicin, using light irradiation. The following conclusions were drawn from the investigation of peeled garlic under various conditions like fluorescent lighting, color (green, yellow, blue and red) and ultraviolet light (UV-A, UV-B and UV-C). The allicin content increased most with the 15-second 0.129 W/m2 (40 W) UV-B treatment of the garlic at a 700 mm distance from the light source. At the treatment of the garlic with 126 lx (40W) red light for 24 hours at a 700 mm distance from the light source, its allicin content increased from 15.15±0.25 mg/g to 15.15±0.34 mg/g, for a 10-percent amplification effect. Therefore, it is believed that the healthfulness of garlic can be amplified through irradiation processing of its healthful ingredient, allicin, and the development of its processing unit.

The effects of the initial storage temperature and the PA film packaging on the extension of the shelf-life and the improvement of the postharvest storage quality of muskmelons were studied during their storage. Their storage quality was tested as follows: PA-film-wrapped muskmelons, stored at 2℃ or 7℃ for 30 days after their harvest, were kept at 10℃ for 27 days (total: 57 days). On the fifth day of storage at 10℃ (35th day overall), the weight loss reached 6.4% in the 7-control. However, the 2-PA showed the smallest loss of 2.2%. The soluble solids content and the acidity that were measured before the storage were 10.8 °brix and 0.26% in all the groups. After 27 days of storage at 10℃ (on the 57th day overall), the values were highest in the 2-PA group with 9.7 °brix and 0.15%, respectively. Microorganisms were not detected at first; but on the fifth day of storage at 10℃ (35th day overall), their values were 3.87 and 2.68 log CFU/g in the seven-control and the 2-PA, respectively. In other words, the 2-PA was found to be more effective in inhibiting microbial proliferation. In relation to sensory properties such as appearance, flavor, sweetness and chewiness, the 2-PA was superior to the other groups and was found to be most effective in improving the storability of muskmelons. In conclusion, it was found that low-temperature injury and fast storage quality deterioration did not occur in film-wrapped muskmelons that were stored at 2℃ for 30 days after they were harvested.

In order to evaluate the effect of various organic soil conditioner ratios on the soil moisture content and growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis, a container type for wall-planting experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk University under non-irrigation. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios (A1L0, A8L1, A4L1 A2L1 and A1L1), and a drought-tolerant ornamental variety of Cotoneaster horizontalis was planted. The change in soil moisture content, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leaves, number of leaves, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll content, and survival rate were investigated, from April to Jun 2010. The results of soil moisture content measurements were analyzed with weight units in the container type for wall-planting during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container type for wall-planting in increasing order as the amount of soil conditioner level was increased (A1L1> A2L1> A4L1> A8L1> A1L0). Compared to the control treatment application (amended soil with 100% + organic soil conditioner 0%), the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of A1L1 application (amended soil with 50% + organic soil conditioner 50%). However, the differences between the organic soil conditioner ratio treatments of A1L1, A4L1, and A8L1 organic soil conditioner application were mostly not significant. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic soil conditioner, but in the control treatment application all the plants died. The experimental results from clearly demonstrated that the organic soil conditioner improved the survival rate more than the growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis. Therefore, Cotoneaster horizontalis is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for green wall systems, when considered for us in integration system or for increasing soil water contents in planting grounds.

본 연구는 지적장애 청소년의 직업훈련 과정을 중심으로 한 원예치료 모델 개발 및 적용에 필요한 자료 확립 측면에서 문헌 중심으로 고찰한 내용으로 지적장애 청소년의 직업훈련 과정을 중심으로 한 원예치료의 정의를 ‘지적장애를 가진 청소년의 직업훈련을 위하여 식물과 원예활동을 이용하는 과정’으로 조작적으로 정의하고, 지적장애 청소년의 직업훈련 과정중심의 원예치료에 있어 목적이라고 할 수 있는 지적장애 청소년의 직업훈련을 위하여 구성주의 학습이론에서 과정중심의 인지적 도제학습 이론을 기존 원예치료 프로그램에 교수-학습 방법으로 도입하였다. 원예치료가 수행되는 과정은 사정, 계획, 수행, 평가를 따르며, 회기별 원예활동 단계는 원예활동의 시작단계로 동기 유발 및 원예활동을 위한 분위기를 조성하는 도입단계(Introduction), 치료사가 시범을 보이는 시연단계(Modeling), 문제 해결을 위한 인지적 틀을 제시하는 치료적 개입 단계(Scaffolding), 대상자 스스로가 문제를 해결할 수 있는 치료적 개입의 중지 단계(Fading), 활동을 점검하고 마무리할 수 있는 정리단계(Arrangement)로 구성하였으며, 그 전략 및 개입방법은 시범, 코칭, 스캐폴딩과 도움종료, 명료화, 성찰, 탐구를 적용하여 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 문헌 중심으로 고찰 한 위의 내용은 실제 적용을 통하여 검증을 수행하고, 수정·보완하여 최종적으로 지적장애 청소년의 직업훈련 과정을 중심으로 한 원예치료 모델로 개발 될 것이다.