Essentiality was proposed in the field of lipid by Burr and Burr in 1929. When rats were raised on the fat-free diet, their growth retarded and their skin and tails showed the characteristic deficient symptoms, which were relieved by the addition of Ω6(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids as linoleic(LA) and arachidonic(AA) acids to the basal diet. LA is dehydrogenated to γ-linolenic acid(GLNA) by δ6 desaturase, then GLNA is 2 carbon chain elongated by elongase to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLNA), which is desaturated by δ5 desaturase to AA. These acids are called LA family or Ω6(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). α-Linolenic acid(ALNA) is converted through the series of desaturation and elongation steps to docosahexaenic acid(DHA) via eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA). These acids belong to ALNA family or Ω3(n-3)PUFA. Human who consume large amounts of EPA and DHA, which are present in fatty fish and fish oils, have increased levels of these two fatty acids in their plasma and tissue lipids at the expense of LA and AA. Alternately, vegetarians, whose intake of LA in high, have more elevated levels of LA and AA and lower levels of EPA and DHA in plasma lipids and in cell membranes than omnivores. AA and EPA are metabolized to substances called eicosanoids. Those derived form AA are known as prostanocids(prostaglandins and prostacyclins) of the 2-types and leukotrienes of the 4-series, whereas those derived from EPA are known as prostanoids of the 3-types and leukotrienes of the 5-series. DGLNA is a precursor of the 1-types of prostaglandins. The metabolites of AA and EPA have competitive functions. Ingestion of EPA from fish or fish oil replaces AA from membrane phospholipids in practically all cells. So this leads to a more physiological state characterized by the production of proatanoids and leukotrienes that have antithrombic, antichemotactic, antivasoconstrictive and antiinflammatory properties. It is evident that Ω3 fatty acids can affect a number of chronic diseases through eicosanoids alone.

본 실험은 벌꿀이 흰쥐(Sprague Dawley, ♂)의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하고저 고과당 식이와 함께 설탕, 아카시아, 붉나무 그리고 잡화벌꿀을 각각 10%와 20%의 수용액으로 만들어 7주간 섭취케 한 후 벌꿀의 효과를 비교한 바 결과는 다음과 같다. 고과당 식이와 함께 벌꿀의 섭취는 대조군에 비하여 식이효율을 증가시켰다. 벌꿀섭취군이 정상군과 대조군보다 혈청중 총콜레스테롤 함량이 증가하였다. 대조군에 비하여 고과당식이와 함께 10% 붉나무꿀을 섭취한군에서 HDL-콜레스테롤 증가율은 57.0%였고, VLDL, LDL-콜레스테롤 감소율은 48.36% 이었다. 혈청중 인지질 함량은 고과당식이를 한 대조군에 비하여 20% 아카시아꿀과 10% 잡화꿀 섭취군에서 증가되었다. 혈청중 유리지방산 농도는 대조군보다 벌꿀 섭취군이 감소하였으나 아카시아꿀에서 증가되었고, triglyceride 농도는 증가하는 경향이었다. 벌꿀섭취는 간장의 중성지질 함량을 증가시켰으나 인지질 함량은 감소되었다.

본 실험은 벌꿀이 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, ♂)의 당대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 설탕, 아카시아, 붉나무 그리고 잡화벌꿀을 각각 10%와 20%의 수용액으로 만들어 7주간 투여한 후 벌꿀의 효과를 비교한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 벌꿀식이에 의한 혈액 중 glucose함량은 증가되었으나 붉나무꿀 용액에서만 예외적으로 낮았다. 벌꿀식이군은 정상식이군, 대조군, 설탕식이군 보다 혈청중 fructosamine 함량을 증가시켰고 그 순서는 설탕용액<붉나무꿀<잡화꿀<아카시아꿀 순으로 증가되었다. 정상군과 대조군에 비하여 설탕식이군과 벌꿀식이군의 pyruvate, lactate 함량을 감소시켰다. 정상군과 대조군보다 설탕식이군과 벌꿀식이군에서 혈청중 β-hydroxybutyrate 함량이 증가하였다.

Aloe, being used widely as a health food and also as a traditional folk remedy for burns and constipation, contains quinone derivatives particularly in its skin. Thus, we have investigated the effect of extracts of Aloe on ethanol metabolism. The dried powder of water extract of skinned Aloe (300 mg/kg body weight given to rats by oral administration at 30 min prior to oral administration of ethanol given at a dose of 4 gm/kg) and the freeze-dried Aloe gel commercial product (600 mg/kg) which was prepared after selective elimination of quinones were found not to increase the ethanol metabolism rate in vivo. This result suggested that quinones, missing from the above preparations, might be responsible for enhancing ethanol metabolism rate.

2, 6 및 30개월로 나이단계가 다른 흰쥐들을 대상으로 지방 수준이 6와 30%인 식이를 16주간 사육하면서 식이지방 수준이 노화과정과 체내 지방 대사에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1) 실험기간동안 체중증가량과 식이효율, 열량효율은 성장기의 쥐(어린쥐와 성숙한 쥐)에서 높으며, 고지방식이군에서 높았다. 2) 간과 신장의 무게는 늙은 쥐가 성장기의 쥐들보다 무거웠으나, 체중에 대한 무게비는 오히려 성장기의 쥐에서 높았다. 3) 체지방함량을 조사하기위해 측정한 epididymal fat pad의 무게는 늙은 쥐에서 높았으나, 식이지방 수준에 의한 영향은 성장기의 쥐에서 분명하게 나타났다. 4) 혈청의 지방함량(total lipid, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol)은 늙은 쥐에서 높았고, 간의 지방함량은 고지방식이군에서 높았다. 그러나 간과 혈청의 중성지방함량은 나이와 식이지방수준에 따른 변화가 없었다. 5) 지방섭취량과 배설량 및 흡수량은 나이에 따른 차이가 없었으며, 흡수율은 실험기간이 길어짐에 따라 저하되었다.

This study was aimed to observe dose-response effects of squid liver oil enriched in n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA) on the metabolism of streptozotocint(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this experiment, 24 STZ-induced diabetic male rats of Sprague Dawley strain were divided into 4 groups and fed for 4 weeks with basal diet(0%). 33%,67% and 100% squid liver oil(SLO) of total fat content, and 6 normal rats were fed with 0% SLO diet at the same time. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Rat group fed with 33% SLO diet showed the least body weight loss and changes in blood glucose, while ones of 100% SLO diet showed the highest level. 2. Serum total protein and ratio of albumin to globulin of all the groups were below the standard level, but did not show significantly different among diet groups. 3. Serum creatinine concentration of all the groups were stayed whthin normal range, but BUN were 3 to 4 times higher than normal rats. BUN concentration of rats fed with 0% and 33% SLO diet was significantly lower than those of others. 4. Total-cholesterol level of serum increased in all the groups except 33% SLO diet, but since HDL-chol, levels and TG concentration went up with an incerase of SLO in the diets, the ratio of HDL-chol. to total-chol, of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet showed higher than those with 0%, and 33% SLO, and TG concentration of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet decreased significantly.

The purposes of this studies were to investigate the effect of dietry Se levels and alcohol administration on the lipid hyperoxidation and the lipid metabolism in the rat. Seventy two male rats of Sprague-Dawley Strain weighting about 58∼62g were divided into 12groups. The dietary Se levels were 10, 0.4 and 0㎎, and the dietary α-tocopherol levels were 150 and 0㎎ per ㎏ diet, respectively. Alcohol-administrated groups received drinking water solution containing 10% of ethanol from the 3-weeks of experimental periods. The obtained experimetal results are summarized as follows. 1. Food intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in H-, L- and alcohol administrated groups(-A) by administrated Se and alcohol in diet. The weight of liver and spleen tended to be greater in H- and alcohol administrated groups. 2. The glutathione values in liver tend to be lower in alcohol or Vit. E administrated groups than nonadministrated groups. Also there were higher in H- and L- than C-groups, but the increasing range decreased due to administrated alcohol. The lipid peroxide values in liver were significantly higher in alcohol groups, and L- and tocopherol groups were higher values. Specially the increasing of lipid peroxide values were significantly effected by alcohol in low Se and Vit. E groups. 3. The contents of total glyceride in plasma were higher in alcohol groups, there were significantly higher values in alcohol administrated groups under low Se and Vit. E groups. The contents of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in plasma were significantly higher in alcohol groups. 4. The contents of total lipid in liver were higher alcohol groups, and slightly higher values in low Se groups(L-groups) than other groups, also higher values in low Vit. E groups. Those of total glyceride in liver were significantly higher in alcohol groups, appeared highest values when alcohol was administrated in low Se and Vit. E groups. The increasing of total glyceride content was significantly effected by alcohol in low Se groups than that in C-groups.

벼멸구의 살충제 저항성 기구를 구명하고자 fenobucarb와 carbofuran으로 벼멸구를 18세대 이상 누대 선발하여 얻어진 저항성 벼멸구를 대상으로 저항성 기루를 조사하였으며, 얻어진 결과 중 살충제의 체벽 투과량, 대사 및 대사산무렝 대하여 보고하고자 한다. Fenobucarb및 carbofuran은 처리 1시간 이내에 처리된 양의 50%이상이 벼멸구 체벽을 투과하였고, 계통별 체벽 투과량 차이는 크지 않았으나, 저항성 계통에서 적었으며, 배설된 양도 처리 3시간 이후 저항성 계통에서 증가하여 5시간 후에는 감수성 계통에 비해 각각 1.9배, 1.6배가 많았다. 벼멸구 체내에서는 두 살충제 모두 감수성 계통에 비하여 저항성 계통에서 2시간 정도 빠르게 분해되었다. 벼멸구 homogenate를 이용하여 대사산물을 조사한 결과 fenbucarb의 주 대사산물은 OSBP(o-sec-butyl phenol)이고, crbofuran의 주 대사산물은 3-ketocarbofuran phenol이었으며, 대사산물량은 저항성 계통에서 2배 정도 증가하였다. 주 대사산물인 OSBP 및 3-ketocarbofuran phenol의 감수성 벼멸구에 대한 반수치사약량은 100/g 이상으로 독성이 없었다. 살충제의 빠른 분해대사는 벼멸구의 주요한 저항성 기구중 하나인 것으로 나타났다.

To assess the effects of water extracts in fruits of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) on alcohol metabolism, rats were orally administrated with alcohol (25% alcohol, 0.75g/200g B.W., 40% alcohol, 0.8g/200g B.W.). The level of metabolites and enzyme activities of the serum and liver were unchanged by the 25% ethanol or 40% ethanol treatment with acute orally administration. Blood alcohol level was markdely decreased by the treatment with water extracts in fruits of Omija. The serum level of Urea nitrogen, Free fatty acid, GPT and LDH were tended to decreased, level of GOT was unchanged. Contents of hepatic microsomal protein, glycogen, pyruvate in the liver were increased by water extracts in fruits of Omija. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrates that water extract in fruits of Omija promotes the overall metabolism and detoxication of alcohol.