In this study, effect of core-shell structure on compaction behavior of harmonic powder is investigated. Harmonic powders are made by electroless plating method on Fe powders. Softer Cu shell encloses harder Fe core, and the average size of Fe core and thickness of Cu shell are 34.3 μm and 3.2 μm, respectively. The powder compaction procedure is processed with pressure of 600 MPa in a cylindrical die. Due to the low strength of Cu shell regions, the harmonic powders show better densification behavior compared with pure Fe powders. Finite element method (FEM) is performed to understand the roll of core-shell structure. Based on stress and strain distributions of FEM results, it is concluded that the early stage of powder compaction of harmonic powders mainly occurs at the shell region. FEM results also well predict porosity of compacted materials.

The clamping of torque shear high strength bolt is induced when the pin-tail is broken. Sometimes the clamping forces on slip critical connections do not meet the required tension due to torque coefficient dependent on conditions such as outdoor temperature, moisture and dust. From this study, the clamping forces of torque shear bolts at indoor conditions were compared with actual data investigated from 24 construction sites last five years. Similarly to foreign literature results, torque shear bolts showed that torque coefficients were fluctuated greatly by temperature conditions. The range of torque coefficient at indoor conditions was analyzed from 0.126 to 0.158 while tensions were indicated from 179 to 192 Nㆍm. Instead, the range of torque coefficient at site conditions was analyzed from 0.118 to 0.152. Based on this test, the variable trends of torque coefficient subjected temperature can be traced via statistic regressive analysis. In case of indoor conditions, it was showed that the variable of torque coefficient was 0.13% per 1℃, while the variable at actual site conditions reached 2.73% per 1℃.

This study aims to analyze causalities among Hairtail prices by distribution channel using a vector autoregressive model. This study applies unit-root test for stability of data, uses Granger causality test to know interaction among Hairtail Prices by distribution channel, and employes the vector autoregressive model to estimate statistical impacts among t-2 period variables used in model. Analyzing results of this study are as follows. First, ADF, PP, and KPSS tests show that the change rate of Hairtail price by distribution channel differentiated by logarithm is stable. Second, a Granger causality test presents that the producer price of Hairtail leads the wholesale price and then the wholesale price leads the consumer price. Third, the vector autoregressive model suggests that the change rate of Hairtail producer price of t-2 period variables statistically, significantly impacts change rates of own, wholesale, and consumer prices at current period. Fourth, the impulse response analysis indicates that impulse responses of the structural shocks with a respectively distribution channel of the Hairtail prices are relatively more powerful in own distribution channel than in other distribution channels. Fifth, a forecast error variance decomposition of the Hairtail prices points out that the own price has relatively more powerful influence than other prices.

This study analyzes buckling in the lower segment of a tubular steel shell that exhibits the characteristics of a 3MW wind tower with opening and reinforcement. Analytical method using parametric equations based on Eurocode 3 - Design of Steel Structures and numerical method of finite element are used to analyze the critical meridional buckling stress. ABAQUS, a finite element program, is used for the numerical method analysis. Four different cases of tubular steel tower is modeled: without door opening and without reinforcement; with door opening and without reinforcement; without door opening and with reinforcement; and with door opening and with reinforcement. Using the ABAQUS, a linear buckling analysis is done for all cases to recognize five of its buckling mode shapes and its corresponding eigenvalues. Mode shapes from the previous analysis are considered in performing the non-linear analysis using Static Riks. Buckling capacity and its trends in the localized area near the opening is investigated, tabulated and shown in illustrative charts. Moreover, comparison is made between the parametric and finite element analyses.

본 연구는 경기도 31개 시군의 과학기술역량을 정확하게 파악하기 위하여 실증분석을 실시하고 그 결과를 지도화하여 시사점을 도출한 뒤 지역별로 역량에 맞는 정책방안을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 비교적 객관적인 분석의 결과를 얻기 위하여 COSTII, R-COSTII와 그 논리적 맥락을 같이하여 혁신자원의 투입에서 성과에 이르는 전 과정을 혁신자원, 혁신활동, 혁신과정, 혁신환경, 혁신성과 등의 5개 부문으로 구조화한 G-COSTII 지표를 개발하여 이용하였다. 경기도 내 31개 시군에 대한 기초지자체 과학기술혁신역량분석의 종합결과를 지도화하면 지역별 또는 권역별로 과학기술역량의 차이가 상이한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 경기 남·북부 간에 과학기술역량의 차이를 보이는데 구체적으로 역량이 높은 기초지차체는 주로 경기도 남부, 경부권과 서해안권에 자리하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 경부권은 혁신자원 및 혁신환경이 우수하며 서해안권이 활발한 혁신활동과 혁신과정을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 차이를 바탕으로 세부지역별 혹은 권역별 맞춤정책의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, we study the behavior of CFT subjected to pure bending moment considering the interface character between the materials. We assume that the interface between the materials has 2 cases, one is full-composite the other is non-composite. Through the analysis of the FEM results, we find that CFT’s flexure behavior is unique compared to other composite structures. There is almost similar CFT’s flexure behavior in the pure moment regardless of interface character between steel and concrete. This is because there is no difference in the neutral axis of the full-composite and non-composite in the CFT scetion.

Due to red tide and abnormal currents that take place every year, the damage of inland fish farms that takes sea water is increasing frequently. Also, the households of inland fish farm due to the increase in the cost of fuel and electricity are struggling many hardships economically. In relation to underground seawater for it’s farm analyzed economic effect based on the actual conditions for 1,700 inland fish farms, from this I have deduced policy implications for direction this project to be pursued from now on. The saving rate of costs of the fuel and electricity through the development of an underground seawater were approximately analyzed to decline about 3.4〜9.7%, if utilizing only about 5% of the undeveloped farms, it was estimated effect of about 61 billion won, if 10%, it was estimated effect of about 122 billion won. Consideration in selecting the developer of underground seawater will be selected an character of farm method. It is expected this study will be helpful for business analysis related government in the fisheries.

삼채의 잎과 뿌리로부터 휘발성 화합물과 아미노산을 분석하였다. 휘발성 향기성분은 Headspace GC-MS방법으로 분석하였다. 잎 조직으로부터 18종의 휘발성화합물이 검출되었고, 21종의 화합물은 뿌리조직으로부터 분석되었다. 주요 향기성분은 diallyl disulphide였고, 잎(27.9%)과 뿌리(17.41)에서 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다. 또 다른 주요 황화합물은 methyl 2-propenyl disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methyl 1-propenyl disulfide과 methyl 2-propenyl trisulfide이 잎과 뿌리에 모두 함유하고 있었다. 전체 46종 화합물 중 가장 많이 함유하고 있는 물질군은 황화합물이었다. 황화합물은 엽조직에 6종, 뿌리조직에는 5종이 함유되어 있었다. 또한 유리아미노산과 polyphenol성 화합물은 잎과 뿌리 조직에서 분석하였다. 잎과 뿌리 조직에서 아미노산은 20종과 19종이 각각 검출되었다. 총아미노산의 함량은 잎에서 0.134 mg/g, 뿌리조직에서 0.105 mg/g 함유하고 있었다. 총 polyphenol성 화합물 함량은 잎에서 0.28 mg/g, 뿌리에서 1.08 mg/g 함유하고 있었다. 이 결과는 삼채의 이용과 효율적인 재배에 기초자료를 제공할 수 있다.

This research examined a task to foster into the export industry, through analyzing the competitiveness of the ornamental fish industry and identifying the position of Korea’s ornamental industry in the world. Ornamental fish in Korea holds the world’s leading aquaculture technology, but products are limited to a few species, lacking competitive products. In the case of aquarium supplies, the Korean technology level is receiving relatively positive marks in the global market, but ornamental fish products are lagging behind the global trend. In other words, Korea’s ornamental fish industry has the overall technical foundation, but lacks differentiation in the global market. Meanwhile, Korea’s market share of world trade market in fishery products is minimal. Growth was also analyzed not high compared to other countries. Various trade competitiveness index results rated very low in competitiveness, but it is hard to compare Korea with other countries which have already built a strong foundation in the ornamental fish industry. Therefore, for the mid to long term Korea should adapt a“Choice and concentration”strategy and focus on the production of ornamental fish and aquarium supplies, which will enable Korea to become differentiated in the global market and capture the world exports.

우리나라는 한국지질자원연구원을 중심으로 1995년 이후 수치지질도 작성과 더불어 웹 기반 서비스 시작, 종이지도와 수치지도를 서비스로 제공하고 있으며, 2012년 이후 모바일 기반의 수치지질도 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 수치지질 도와 광산지리정보 서비스를 일반인과 전문가들에게 확대하는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 한국지질자원연구원의 수치지 질도의 수요와 외부 사용자의 수요를 심층면접을 통해 조사하고, 해외 지질정보기관의 정보서비스 내용과 방식을 조사하였다. 해외사례에서 도출된 시사점으로는 전문적인 정보생산단계, 관리단계, 가공단계, 서비스단계마다 표준화가 필요하며, 서비스 단계에서는 정보통신기술의 접목을 통해서 사용자가 원하는 자료를 제공하는 것이 필요하다는 점이다. 수치지질도 서비스를 위한 내용과 항목의 방향과 광산지리정보시스템의 서비스 내용 등에 대한 내용을 제시하였다.

This article deals with a proportional analysis of Cologne Cathedral with regard to the medieval tradition of geometry and figurate numbers that were commonly used in the medieval period. It first outlines symbolic and geometric notions of the geometry and numbers during the medieval period, and then, interprets the proportional design of the plan and section of the cathedral in analogy with the notion. It concludes that the proportional design of the cathedral was not quite arbitrary but carefully designed for the systematic and symbolic quality of the medieval aesthetic tradition.

This study is aimed comparative analysis for business performance of land-based ezo abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) seed farms by standardizing cost structures by region and farming size. The result of survey on average farming incomes by region showed that farming incomes in Haenam and Jindo regions were much higher than those in other regions. Followed by Wando region, incomes in other regions were analyzed to be relatively lower. It is shown that farming incomes became higher as farm size increased. Farming incomes per unit size which were modified from farming incomes by region were highest in Jindo region, followed by East sea region, Wando and Haenam regions. Incomes in Jeju and Yeosu regions were analyzed to be relatively lower. Results on farming incomes per unit size (m2) showed that both farming incomes and profits became higher as size increased. It implies that a scale effectiveness might exist in case of land-based abalone culture system. Impacts of major factors on farming profits and returns on investment in abalone seed aquaculture are summarized as follow. First, only if the survival rate increased by 10% with improvement of component ratio, variable effects became largest. In variable effects of other factors, a variation in Jindo region was largest and on the other hand, a variation in Yeosu region was shown to be smallest.

이 연구는 공공기관의 구성원들이 인식하고 있는 교육과 역량에 대한 사례 분석을 통해서 그들의 인식 정도가 조직의 배움 수준에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 나아가 교육과 역량에 대한인식을 배움학적 관점에서 분석해봄으로써 향후 기타공공기관의 교육과 역량 수준을 설정하는데 시사점을 제시하는데 의미가 있다. 조직 구성원들이 인식하는 교육과 역량에 대한 인식 분석의 틀은 성인의 배움수준 요인, 즉, 의미생성력, 자기주도력, 실천력, 개조력, 공동배움력의 다섯 요인을 활용하였다. 이를 위해 공공기관의 하나인 외교통상부 산하 A기관을 대상으로 총 10명의 질적 사례를 분석하였다. 이 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육에 대한 구성원들의 의미생성력이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 교육에 대한 직원과 경영진 사이의 신뢰가 서로 부족함을 나타냈다. 둘째, 조직은 공동배움력, 특히 소통을 중요시하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직에서는 실천력이 중요한 역량으로 나타났다. 따라서, 조직 구성원들이 지닌 배움의 욕구를 만족시켜줌으로써, 직무와 과업에 대한 의미를 생성하고, 조직 내 동료들과 소통하며 조직의 목표를 실천해 나갈 때, 조직은 보다 더 강력한 경쟁우위를 확보할 수 있다.

Proper oral hygiene is required to maintain oral health and prevent oral disease. Toothbrushing is central to proper oral hygiene. Mechanical tooth cleaning is the mainstay of plaque control. A variety of toothbrushing techniques have been developed and evaluated for their efficacy. However, these evaluations are subjective. To adequately evaluate toothbrushing objectively, a novel toothbrushing monitoring system was developed. The system involves user-monitored brushing patterns including toothbrush motions using a 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis magnetic sensor, one load-cell and Bluetooth devices. To confirm the efficacy of this toothbrushing monitoring system, eight periodontist performed tooth brushing in a dental model, and their brushing motion was monitored and recorded, and evaluated by statistical means. The proposed monitoring system can be used to aid dental care personnel in toothbrushing instruction.

Visfatin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is thought to play a central role in systemic inflammation and the pathogenesis of obesity related diseases. Only a few studies investigated the effect of visfatin on human cancers. Furthermore, there have been no studies on the association between the expression of visfatin in OSCC tissue and its effect on OSCC patients. Hence, the present study analyzed the expression of visfatin in OSCC from Korean patients. Immunohistochemistry for visfatin was performed using 12 normal oral mucosas (NOM), 16 oral leukoplakias (with/without dysplasia), and 58 OSCC patients samples. Immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively scored and the correlation between the expression of visfatin and clinicopathological parameters of OSCC patients was analyzed. The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression level of visfatin increased in OSCC alone (p<0.05). Moreover, the immunoexpression score of visfatin was significantly correlated with TNM stage of OSCC patients. Our findings suggested that visfatin can play a certain role in the pathogenesis of OSCC. In addition, visfatin was associated with the tumor progression of OSCC patients and may act as independent biomarker of OSCC.

This paper presents the impact of partial shading on CuInxGa(1-x)Se2(CIGS) photovoltaic(PV) modules with bypass diodes. When the CIGS PV modules were partially shaded, the modules were under conditions of partial reverse bias. We investigated the characterization of the bypass diode and solar cell properties of the CIGS PV modules when these was partially shaded, comparing the results with those for a crystalline silicon module. In crystalline silicon modules, the bypass diode was operated at a partial shade modules of 1.67 % shading. This protected the crystalline silicon module from hot spot damage. In CIGS thin film modules, on the other hand, the bypass diode was not operated before 20 % shading. This caused damage because of hotspots, which occurred as wormlike defects in the CIGS thin film module. Moreover, the bypass diode adapted to the CIGS thin film module was operated fully at 60% shading, while the CIGS thin film module was not operated under these conditions. It is known that the bypass diode adapted to the CIGS thin film module operated more slowly than that of the crystalline silicon module; this bypass diode also failed to protect the module from damage. This was because of the reverse saturation current of the CIGS thin film, 1.99 × 10−5 A/cm2, which was higher than that of crystalline silicon, 8.11 × 10−7 A/cm2.