Recently, because people are taking a great interest in the water supply system and the related facilities are getting larger, the surge suppression is very important problem. The waterhammer occurs when the pumps are started or stoped for operation or tripped due to the power failure. As the waterhammer problems as a result of the pump power failure were very serious, these situations were carefully investigated. Accordingly, we carried out both numerical simulations to confirm the safety fot the intergrated operating of 1st stage and 2nd stage Juam intake pumping station in which had the in-line pumps. In this paper, it was reviewed that the water supply system has the reliability on the pressure surge, in case the air chambers were installed at both the inlet and the oulet of the in-line pumping station. we are sure that Juam intake pumping station in which have the air chambers is safe for the waterhammer.

The cut slope distributed in domestic, which have single horizontal extension over 200m and 50m of vertical height are classified into 2nd class facility by <Special Act On The Safety Management Of Structures>. Collapse of these cut slope occurs by thaw, rainfall, soil characteristics. Recently, frequency of small size cut slope collapse is increasing. Accordingly, central government partially revised <Special Act On The Safety Management Of Structures> with the contents of expansion of 2nd class facility's scope and standard and it is expected to be an effective maintenance and management measures of cut slope. Therefore, this study analyzed distribution type and characteristics of the national highway cut slope within the scope of relevant laws and regulations based on the status data of 2nd class facility (cut slope) to examine the maintenance status.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of red ginseng marc powder on egg freshness in laying hens during 4 weeks. A total of 60 Hy-line Brown laying hens, 50 week of age, were randomly assigned to 2 groups with diets containing 0% and 2% red ginseng marc powder. There were 3 replications per group with 10 laying hens per pen. Throughout the period of the trial, there were no effects of red ginseng marc powder on egg weight (but not 4 weeks). Haugh Unit (HU) values were observed by showing significant differences between red ginseng marc powder and controls at 0 and 4 weeks, except for HU at 1 through 3 weeks. For egg yolk color, red ginseng marc powder has no difference in comparison with controls at 0, 3 and 4 weeks (but not 1 and 2 weeks). In conclusion, the dietary supplementation with 2% red ginseng marc powder improved HU values throughout the experiment.

Soybean is one of the important food crop around the world. Especially in East Asia, it is the main ingredient for traditional food like soy sauce and soy paste. The double cropping system including soybean following onion, Chinese cabbage, and potato is widely adopted in Southern region of Korea. In this system, sowing date of second crop (soybean) can be delayed depending on first crops’ growth period and weather condition. When planting date is delayed it is known that soybean yield is declined because of shorter vegetative growth period and earlier flowering induced by warm temperature and changes in photoperiod. The objective of this study was to determine soybean growth and yield responses as plant populations at late planting date. Field experiment was conducted at Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA located in Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-Do for two years (‘13-’14) in upland field with mid-late maturity cultivar Daewon. A split-plot block design was used with three replications. Main plots were three sowing dates from June 20 to July 20 with 15 days intervals, and subplots were 4 levels of planting densities. Data of maturity (R8) was recorded, yield components and yield were examined after harvesting. Experimental data were analyzed by using PROC GLM, and DMRT were used for mean comparison. Optimum planting population for maximizing soybean yield in late planting which compared with standard population. In mid-June planting, higher planting density causes increased plant height and decreased diameter which lead to higher risk of lodging, however, reduced growth period due to late planting alleviated this problem. Therefore higher seeding rates can provide protection against low seedling emergence caused by late planting in this region.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of simple hydroponic culture in cultivation of grafted cactus. The results obtained are as follows: Growth indexes of grafted cactus cultivars, such as scion diameter, fresh weight, and scion hardness were improved in simple hydroponic culture compared with soil culture regardless of cultivars. Stem rot and rate of non-graft take were lower in simple hydroponic culture than in soil culture, but no significant difference was monitored between cultivars. Time for harvesting was fast in simple hydroponic culture compared with soil culture. Marketable yield increased in simple hydroponic culture.

There has been little research on the harvesting time-dependent changes in the antioxidant activities of new varieties of highland cultures of Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri) crossed with Turcs (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.)) and Nakai (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis), namely Sammany (S), Gommany (G) and Damogy (D). This study was conducted to assess the effect of different harvesting times on nutritional and health-related properties such as total phenolic contents, flavonoids, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrasyl) free radical scavenging activities and reducing power. From these harvests, extracts were prepared using methanol. Total phenolic content in Jul 14-G (Gommany harvested on July 14, 0.172 ㎎·GAE/㎖) was higher than that in other products harvested after the same period (S, 0.154; D, 0.141 ㎎·GAE/㎖). Flavonoid content was higher in Jul 3-G (0.114 ㎎·QE/㎖), compared to Jul 3-S (0.113 ㎎·QE/㎖) and Jul 14-D (0.089 ㎎·QE/㎖). Antioxidant activities were higher in samples harvested after June 12 in all cases. On July 14, the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activities among all harvest dates were seen (92.875~94.595%). The reducing power was also dependent on harvest day (Abs 0.5~0.6 on July 14), showing a pattern similar to that of DPPH free radical-scavenging activities. Antioxidant activity and harvesting times seem to correlate with total polyphenol and flavonoid contents.

동양의 문학계에서는 옛날부터 “시는 그 사람과 같다”는 말이 통용되 었다. 작가의 사상, 감정은 물론이고 그 사람의 인격까지 그의 작품에 반영되는 것으로 인식한 것이다. 진암 이병헌(1870-1940)은 유교 개혁론이나 공자교 운동으로 널 리 알려진 인물이다. 그러나 그는 600여 수가 넘는 시를 남긴 시인기이 도 하다. 그의 사상과 학문에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어졌지만 그의 문학에 대해서는 아직 전혀 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 이병헌의 종합 적인 성격을 이해하기 위해서는 시 작품에 대한 연구를 빠뜨려서는 안 된다. 이 글은 그러한 문제점을 해소하기 위해 그의 시집에 실린 작품의 연구를 통해 시인으로서의 면모를 드러내었다. 이를 위해 그의 시에 나타난 주제 의식의 분석을 통해 작품 전반적인 성격을 규명하였으며, 시의 풍격을 고찰함으로써 시인으로서의 문예적 성취를 확인하였다. 주제 의식은 크게 세 가지로 나타난다. 첫째는 자신이 세상에 받아들 여지지 못하여 느끼는 불운한 감정인 身世之感, 둘째는 일본에 나라를 빼앗긴 시기를 살아가면서 견지한 우국 정신, 셋째는 유학자로서 유교 정신을 작품에 구현하는 것이다. 풍격에 드러난 문예미의 특질은 크게 두 가지로 나타난다. 첫째는 암울한 시기를 살아가면서 느낀 幽鬱과 慷慨이고, 둘째는 철 저한 수양을 거친 유학자로서 가지고 있는 平淡과 典雅이다. 유울과 강개는 시대적 상황에 따른 후천적인 풍격이고, 평담과 전아는 서정시 에서 주로 나타나는데 이는 선천적인 성격을 반영한 것으로 파악된다.

이글은 개종 후 종교적 색채가 짙어진 엘리엇의 후기시에 나타난 종교적 경험의 문제를 다루려는 시도이다. 종교적 경험은 특정 종교의 도그마나 교리가 규정하는 대로가 아닌 인간이 압도적 권위나 힘을 가진 초월적 존재에 대한 관계에서 느끼는 정서적 경험으로 이 글에서는 오토와 제임스의 설명을 기초로 삼았다. 이 경험에서 인간은 대상인 절대자 앞에 나약한 피조물로 스스로를 인식하며 세계관과 태도에 있어 커다란 변화를 겪는다. 융은 이 경험을 심리적 공식으로 이해하여 인간의 의식이 그 근원인 무의식의 중심, 즉 ‘자기’에 노출되면 절대자 앞에선 ‘피조물 느낌’을 갖는다고 설명한다. 엘리엇에게 이 같은 종교적 경험이 실재했는가 하는 문제는 정확하게 답할 수 없는 문제이다. 하지만 그는 이 경험을 당연한 것으로 인정하고 있다. 또한 심리적 관점에서 보자면 그의 종교시에 자주 등장하는 여성도 시인의 종교적 경험의 개연성을 높이고 있다. 또한 그의 시는 기독교의 가르침을 무조건 수용하기보다는 스스로의 경험을 그리고 있다는 인상을 자주 불러일으킨다. 특히 ｢동방박사의 여행｣과 󰡔재의 수요일󰡕에서 이 같은 특징이 두드러지며 동시에 그의 시는 산문과 달리 종교적 가르침에 대해 회의하는 모습이 자주 드러내기도 한다.

Global increase in energy consumption has been known to cause the depletion of fossil fuels, and results in the increase of coal and oil price. Recently, waste to energy policy has received attention more and more, Korea imports approximately 97% of its total energy consumed, and there is an urgent necessity for the development of alternative energy source. Domestic waste management policy aims at zero waste community, which can be explained as the concept of 4R. The 4R consists of existing 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) and Recovery policies. Conversion of waste to energy, a form of renewable energy, has been known as an effective alternative for the increasing energy crisis. In this study, waste wood generated in D city was investigated as one of the alternative energy source. Expecially, the conversion of waste wood to solid refuse fuel (SRF) as an energy source was focused on. As an initial step to evaluate the applicability of waste wood as the alternative energy source, the waste wood sample were characterized by a proximate analysis and element and heavy metal contents analyses. In addition, heating values of the waste wood were calculated by presumption equation and Dulong's equation, and measured by bomb calorimeter. In summary, waste wood can be considered as one of the alternatives for effective energy source by meeting Korea standards for the quality and grade of SRF such as in lowheating values, contents of moisture, sulfur, and chlorine, and heavy metal contents

ADCP는 하천의 3차원 유속과 수심 자료를 매우 효율적이고 빠르게 측정할 수 있으며, 그 자료의 공간 및 시간적 해상도는 기존의 전통적인 유속 측정 방법들과 비교하여 매우 정밀하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 ADCP는 하상 부근과 센서 근처에서의 미계측 영역이 발생하고 이 미계측 영역의 유속을 얼마나 정확하게 산정하느냐에 따라 ADCP 유량 측정의 정확도에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 ADCP 유량 산정 시 범용적으로 활용되고 있는 1/6 멱법칙(power law)을 활용한 미계측 영역의 유량 측정 결과의 정확도를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 실규모 직선수로에서 ADCP를 고정시킨 상태에서 측정한 유속 자료를 1/6 멱법칙과 대수 법칙(log law)을 적용하여 외삽 한 유속분포와 유량 산정 결과를 ADV를 이용하여 정밀하게 측정한 결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과 전체적으로 대수 법칙으로 외삽한 경우가 높은 정확도를 나타냈으며, 수표면 근처 미계측 영역에서는 1/6 멱법칙은 유량을 작게 산정하는 경향을 나타냈고, 하상 근처의 미계측 영역에서는 유량을 크게 산정하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이 결과는 기존 1/6 멱법칙을 활용한 하상 및 수표면 부근 미계측 영역 유량 추정 방법이 오차를 수반함을 의미한다. 따라서 ADCP 정지법 측정 방식을 사용할 경우, 대수 법칙이 1/6 멱법칙보다 정확한 상하부 미계측 유량 추정 결과를 보여주었으므로 대안으로 고려되어야 할 것이다. 또한 제방 근처 미계측 영역의 유량 측정 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 수심이 0.6 m 이상을 확보한 측선을 기준으로 유량을 산정할 경우 신뢰도 높은 유량 측정 결과를 보였다. 향후, ADCP 정지법 측정 방식에 비해 보다 많이 활용되고 있는 보트탑재 이동식 ADCP의 경우도 이와 같은 검증이 필요하다고 하겠다.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of high temperature and deficit irrigation on growth and yield of hot pepper. Hot pepper was subjected to four irrigation treatments: fully irrigation (FI), 10, 20, and 30 days deficit irrigation (DI) combination with high temperature treatment. Control plants were grown natural environment and conventional culture methods. The plant height treated with high temperature was significantly higher than that of control plant. At FI combination with high temperature treatment, growth parameters such as stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry weight were the greatest. The yield was the greatest (2,036 kg/10a) under control, DI combination with high temperature treatment decreased by approximately 42% compare with FI combination with high temperature treatment. The number of abnormal fruits was approximately 38/plant under control, which was the smallest and that of 30 days DI combination with high temperature was higher 3.3 times compare with control. Flower abscission and calcium deficiency induced by DI treatments, especially those physiological disorder promoted by increasing DI treatments period. Results indicated that yield of hot pepper reduced by DI treatments, these results suggest that the growers should irrigate to proper soil moisture for preventing reduction of total fruit yield.

Visibility and Automatic Weather System(AWS) data near Nakdong river were analyzed to characterize fog formation during 2012-2013. The temperature was lower than its nearby city – Daegu, whereas the humidity was higher than the city. 157 fog events were observed in total during the 2 year period. About 65% of the events occurred in fall (September, October, and November) followed by winter, summer, and spring. 94 early morning fog events of longer than 30 minutes occurred when south westerly wind speed was lower than 2 m/s. During these events, the water temperature was highest followed by soil surface and air temperatures due to the advection of cold and humid air from nearby hill. The observed fog events were categorized using a fog-type classification algorithm, which used surface cooling, wind speed threshold, rate of change of air temperature and dew point temperature. As a result, frontal fog observed 6 times, radiation 4, advection 13, and evaporation 66. The evaporation fog in the study area lasted longer than other reports. It is due to the interactions of cold air drainage flow and warm surface in addition to the evaporation from the water surface. In particular, more than 60% of the evaporation fog events were accompanied with cold air flows over the wet and warm surface. Therefore, it is needed for the identification of the inland fog mechanism to evaluate the impacts of nearby topography and land cover as well as water body.

엘리엇은 매우 포괄적인 시인이다. 그는 겉으로는 자신의 선배시인이 나 비평가를 맹렬하게 공격하는 듯해도 실제 그들로부터 많은 것을 배 우고 빌렸으며 이를 자신의 몰개성 시론에 적극 활용하였다. 프랑스 상 징주의자의 경우도 예외는 아니어서 겉으로는 그럴듯하게 그들의 영향 력을 가렸지만, 시의 자기충족성이나 시어의 기능, 그리고 시인의 임무 나 역할과 같은 중요한 이론과 개념에서 많은 부분을 수용했다. 엘리엇 의 몰개성 시론의 가장 근본이 되는 개념을 발레리와 말라르메가 그들 의 이론에서 이미 예견하고 실행하였으니, 시는 자동성을 가진 몰개성 적 존재이며, 창작의 과정은 인간이 노동력을 매개로 여러 파편을 융합 하여 유기적이며 와해될 수 없는 총체적 존재를 만드는 것이고, 시어는 대중의 언어를 차용한 탓에 근본적으로 몰개성적인 것이며, 시인은 그 스스로가 보편인류를 대변하는 대행자라는 개념은 모두 엘리엇의 시학 에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 비록 엘리엇이 시어와 시인의 역할 부분에서 이들과 거리를 두게 되었으나, 시의 자동성을 예술의 자기충족성으로, 상징의 몰개성적 특성을 객관적상관물로 전화하고, 궁극적으로는 시인 으로부터 시의 독립성으로 나아간 데에는 이 두 상징주의 시인의 영향 이 지대하였음에 틀림없다.