Currently, dental implants are generally used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects. Implants are widely used in dental and medical fields. The materials of implants are variable such as metals and ceramics. The materials of implants must be have not toxicity and biocompatibility to host and mechanical(physical) strength. Bones must be attached to titanium surface without any other tissues. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration through various method which are including implants designs and materials. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the methods which are enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thermo dynamic therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise stability of implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3kg weight, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were made from tissue sample. We have investigated the undecalcified samples by back scattered electron microscope. We have analysied the length rate and area rate in implant interface and inside the threads. The results were as follows. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. It was suggested that Initial bone remodelling may be effected by LLLT because of implant bone contact ratio between 4th weeks and 8th weeks had no siginifant difference. Initial bone remodelling may be more influenced than later bone remodelling by LLLT because of new bone formation area ratio between implant threads had no significant differences during 4th to 8th weeks. According to above results, low level laser irradiation accerlate the new bone formation in implant interface and inside the implants threads at initial stage. there were many factors which are increasing the bone remodelling, because there were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for increasing the initial stage of bone remodelling because of above results.

오이와 착색단고추를 대상으로 펄라이트 자루재배의 급액시스템으로 배액전극제어법을 적용할 경우 적정 전극높이를 구명하기 위하여 실험을 수행했다. 전극높이를 바닥에서 4, 8, 12, 16mm로 처리하여 실험한 결 과, 오이와 착색단고추 모두에서 생육과 수량은 처리간 차이가 없었다. 그러나 일중 급액개시시기의 과다관 수를 방지하기 위해서는 4mm가 가장 적합할 것으로 사료되었다.

The aim of this study was to compare electromyography activity for long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscle according to forearm positions during different triceps strengthening exercises. The muscle activities for long and lateral head of triceps brachii were measured by surface electromyography. Fifteen healthy volunteers participated for this study and performed elbow extension in three different elbow extension exercises (elbow extension in a supine position; EES, elbow extension with shoulder abduction at 90 degrees in a prone position; EESA, and elbow extension with one arm at the side of the trunk in a prone position; EESP) and forearm positions (supination, neutral, and pronation). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the effects of the exercise positions and forearm positions. The EMG activities of the long head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESP with forearm supination, whereas the activity of the lateral head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESA with the forearm in a neutral position (p<.05). The results of this study suggest that exercise positions and forearm positions should be considered for selectively strengthening the long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscles.

The purpose of this study was to assess visual biofeedback's influence on trunk muscles' (EMG) activity and endurance holding time for correct position during whole-body tilt exercise. For the study, we recruited 14 volunteers who showed no symptom of lumbar disease during medical tests. We measured the EMG activity of their rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and erector spinae muscles, and their endurance holding time for correct position during anterior and posterior whole-body tilt under two conditions: whole-body tilt with and without visual biofeedback. Resistance with gravitational force on the trunk during whole-body tilt was applied by using a device that had a monitor on which the subjects could check their alignment and that sounded an alarm if a subject's alignment collapsed. The study showed an increase in the EMG activity of external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique/rectus abdominis ratio and endurance holding time for correct position during both anterior and posterior whole-body tilt with visual biofeedback compared with without visual biofeedback (p<.05). We suggest that the whole-body tilt exercise with visual biofeedback could be a beneficial strategy for selectively strengthening the internal abdominal oblique muscle and minimizing the rectus abdominis muscle's activity while maintaining correct alignment during whole-body tilt exercise.

Push-up plus has been advocated for increasing the activity of the serratus anterior muscle, the most critical scapular stabilizer. However, no previous study has reported the possibility of compensatory motion on the part of the pectoralis major, which could substitute for the action of the serratus anterior during push-up plus. The aim of the current study was to investigate the immediate effect of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback of the pectoralis major muscle on the pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles during push-up plus. Fourteen healthy young subjects voluntarily participated in this study; each subject performed push-up plus from the quadruped position, in two conditions (i.e., with or without visual and auditory biofeedback). Surface EMG was used to measure pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and upper trapezius activity. A paired t-test was used to determine any statistically significant difference between the two conditions. Additionally, effect size was calculated to quantify the magnitude of EMG biofeedback in each muscle. Visual and auditory feedback reduced pectoralis major muscle activity significantly (p=.000) and increased the serratus anterior muscle activity significantly (p=.002), but did not induce a significant difference in upper trapezius muscle activity (p=.881). Thus, it is concluded that the visual and auditory feedback of pectoralis major muscle activity can be used to facilitate serratus anterior muscle activity during push-up plus.

Since today’s digital culture deepens the tendency toward city-centric and mechanic-centric areas while individual communication is carried out mainly to be comfortable and efficient through convenient operation and management of technical civilization, it is getting difficult to experience the lingering impression derived from simplicity and timelessness of nature. As technology is rapidly developing, people tend to satisfy indirectly through visual sensation and to stay in passive lifestyle concentrating on intended transfer of culture that significantly different from the actual nature.The era of the absence of impression, sensible spirit, dialogues appealing to deep human nature, and trustful relationships implemented by sustainable ethos are possibly completed and healed by the soul of sound transcending time and space. It is necessary, in terms of succession, to identify, emphasize, and research the genre of art refreshing our age and society. We especially need to emphasize the important of the value of artistic sublimation of life and literary elements relieving human emotion and harmonizing everyday life through poetic rhythms, the source of resonance that has us recognized the culmination of representation, the beauty of scenery.Therefore, this study described there has been a rhythmical harmonization echoing to the spirit of traditional culture that inspires the soul of sound through works, concerning the role of "the human being of soul blending with the earth and heaven"between nature and human while enjoying the culture of digital era. There are several works having the spirit of sound and culture, bringing actual changes in life by adapting contemporary cultural expressions to traditional formats, and refreshing everyday life by repetitive reciting unconsciously with metric delights. In contemporary poetry of Korea, those expressions containing the soul of sound through rhythm and rhyme of transformed tradition are enjoyed and will be enjoyed by ordinary people as a form of resonance. In the present study, analysis and examination were conducted with the works of Kim Sowal who sublimated destruction and solitude in harmonization and creation by concentrating sprit, Manhae Han Yonghun who chanted the mysterious life and universe expressed by the sound of streams flowing in poetic thoughts, Yoon Dongjoo who reflected and implemented ethos by conversing with the sound of rain and wind, Kim Youngrang who sang the melody of life through the sound and the art of drums, Cheong Jiyong who recited the sound of hometown recalling nostalgic emotion of Korean, Midang Seo Jeongjoo who intoned the sound of Manpasikjuk, the flute inspiring the mystery of myth and music, and the sound of Hapjukseon from wind, and Hwang Donggye who mastered poetic transition sympathizing the process to experience the soul of sound mysteriously though lyrical poems.Further studies will be expected to continue based on this study that identified the direction of contemporary poetry and cultural historical value through the works of art that integrated the soul of sound into the aesthetics of expression.

According to a statistics, in recent three years number of traffic accident and casualty remain stand still while casualty by car to car side crash has been increased. This phenomenon is attributed to the two main factors. One is vehicle structure and the other is vehicle safety regulation which does not appropriately reflect current market situation. The distance from vehicle side door to occupant is kind of short compare to vehicle front to occupant, so the likelihood of occupant injury or death at side crash accident is higher than any other types of accident. Even Korean government runs to evaluate and improve vehicle side impact crashworthiness, this program does not reflect current vehicle fleet cause it is based on vehicle fleet of more than 20 years ago. In this paper, three sets of car to car side impact test have done to evaluate occupant injury probability and aggressivity of SUV to passenger vehicle, and based on this result the way to reduce injury and fatality likelihood at side crash is recommended.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of mourning being manifested in the poetry of Kim Jongsam. His poems take a particular position in the modernism of the 1950s. They are distinguished from the traditional lyric poems in the 1950s, the modernist poems trying to deal with the changes of the times, and the participatory poems that took active interest in the reality after Korean War. Those characteristics come from the patterns of mourning, which is his reaction to loss, being actively manifested in his poems. In his paper titled "Mourning and Depression," Freud presented two kinds of reaction to loss; unlike those who experience common mourning to accept the absence of someone lost and resolve conflicts through grief, those who suffer depression keep letting someone lost inside them and deny the loss. Kristeva segmented such a particular reaction process; those who suffer narcissistic depression take the event of loss as a more primitive loss of the object. As a result, the loss of the object becomes the loss of the world and remains as a chose that cannot be easily sublimated into a symbol or metaphor. A juxtaposition or substitution metaphor is used in a process of such a situation being organized with poetic language, and that is a way of mourning by an ego that is not capable of viewing the world as a whole and reflecting itself. Kim's poems are comprised of the images created by calling the object absent in reality through a diaphora. Their characteristics, namely "death consciousness," "fantasy," and "embodiment of absence," are the results of such mourning patterns being poetically manifested since what he experiences through the loss of the object is the loss of something primitive present beyond concrete reality. What he confines inside himself, denies whose loss, and takes care of represents fundamental nothingness about existence. Thus such a world is not a passive reaction containing a death impulse but an active one in that it does not give up fundamental desire for existence and refuses to forget the loss. The study found that Kim's poems would claim more persuasive power when the uniqueness of his world view was understood in the aspect of mourning for loss. They become beautiful when things that are absent are embodied and organized with images. Such aesthetic embodiment succeeds thanks to his mourning attitude toward the lost world.

목적 : 본 연구는 MVPT-3(Motor Free Visual Perception Test-3)을 사용하여 나이, 성별, 교육 수준이 노인의 시지각 능력에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보고, MVPT-3의 한국형 표준화작업을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상은 G시에서 실시한 건강 검진을 위해 보건소에 방문한 뇌손상 경험이 없거나 치매 진단을 받지 않은 60 세 이상 노인 72명이였으며, 자료 수집은 면접조사와 MVPT-3을 사용하여 대상자의 시지각 능력을 평가하였다. 결과 : 연구결과 MVPT-3의 평균값은 남자가 28.74±7.79, 여자가 26.18±6.99로 남자가 여자보다 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 연령 간 차이를 보면 MVPT-3의 총점은 65세 미만이 29.54±7.94, 65세 이상은 26.32±7.01로 65세 미만에서 높은 점수를 보였고, MVPT-3의 기타 항목별 점수는 65세 미만에서 모두 높은 점수를 보였다. 항목별 점수는 시각적 완성(visual closure1)에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 교육 수준별로 살펴보면 초졸인 경우 MVPT-3의 평균값이 23.91±6.31이었으며, 중졸이상에서는 평균이 30.84±7.01이었다. 학력이 높을수록 점수가 높았으며 통계적으로 유의한 값을 보였다(p<.05). MVPT-3의 총점과 하위항목 간 점수별 상관관계 분석 결과 전정배경(figure ground)을 제외하고 모든 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 결론 : MVPT-3을 이용하여 노인의 시-지각 능력에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아본 결과 성별에 따라서는 차이가 없고 연령과 교육수준에 따라 차이가 있었다. 이는 시지각 관련 평가를 수행하는데 있어 성별, 나이, 교육의 영향을 이해하고, MVPT-3의 표준화 작업 이전의 기초자료를 제공하는데 의미가 있을 것이다. 앞으로의 연구에서는 연령 범위를 좀 더 세분화하고 연구 대상자수를 확대하며 정상 노인과 환자군으로 나누어 비교해야 할 것이다.