The study was surveyed to 269 respondents for investigating psychological response to indoor foliage plants grouped by four type of design materials. 21 indoor foliage plants grouped as filler, mass, form, and line plant, are shown to each respondent for surveying the preference and emotion by SD (semantic differential) scale. It was statically significant that the filler plant group was the least preferred one between the indoor foliage plant and the preference of line plant group was the highest. In filler plant Scindapsus aureus is significantly favored, in mass plant Aglaonema crispum and Syngonium podophyllum, in form plant Ficus banghalensis in line plant Dracaena fragrans ‘Lemon Lime’, respectively. The green is the most preferred color of leaf and gray is the least one. When investigated on the major emotions felt with four types of indoor foliage plant with SD scale, filler plant felt as ‘Bright’, ‘Light’, ‘Pale’, mass plant ‘Warm’, ‘Sharp’, form plant ‘Simple’, ‘Luxurious’ and line plant ‘Sophisticated’, ‘Luxurious’, ‘Pleasant’, ‘Soft’ and ‘Fancy’, respectively. This result will be valuable when the indoor garden is designed with an indoor foliage plant.

In this paper, the finite element analysis of RC frame with concrete compressive material models proposed by many researches were conducted. As a results of FEA, the concrete model suggested by Saenz was compatible than other concrete models from the perspective of initial stiffness and maximum strength.

In this study, discover vulnerable elements of Road Tunnel by database and analyzing inspection reports. And provide the data so that can explore ways to improve and feedback.

This study is to investigate the ultimate strength and curling influence of single shear two bolted connection with 7075-T6 aluminum alloys. The validation of element analysis was verified through the comparison between test result and finite element analysis prediction and strength reduction rate by curling was estimated quantitatively. Moreover, additional parametric analysis with extended variables was conducted and the conditions of curling occurrence according to end distance and edge distance were proposed.

2016년부터 배출통제지역(ECA : Emission Control Atea)을 운항하는 선박에 대하여 배출되는 NOx(질소산화물) 및 SOx(황산화 물)의 배기량 감소규제가 강화되었다. 상기의 규제 물질 중 NOx를 제거하는 탈질장비 중 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR : Selectivity Catalytic Reduction) 시스템은 효율이 높고 상업적으로 많이 활용되고 있으나, 높은 온도에서 요소수가 활성화되는 단점이 있다. 이에 초미세기포를 이 용하여 낮은 온도에서도 반응할 수 있는 요소수 및 요소수 활성화 기기를 개발하여 상기의 문제점들을 최소화 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 SCR 시스템의 효율성을 향상시키는 방안을 마련하기 위하여, ANSYS-CFX package를 이용한 전산유체역학(CFD : Computational fluid dynamics)기법을 사용하였다. Navier-Stokes 방정식을 해석의 지배방정식으로 적용하여 SCR 시스템의 점성유동해석 시뮬레이션을 수행하였 다. SCR 시스템의 형상은 CATIA V5를 사용하여 3D 모델링을 하였고, SCR 시스템의 효율성을 비교하기 위해 요소수 분사 노즐의 위치를 요소수 분사 노즐은 배기관의 입구로부터 1/3, 1/2, 2/3로 변경하며 확인하였다. 또한, 노즐의 분사구 수가 SCR 시스템의 효율에 미치는 영향 을 확인하기 위하여 분사구 수가 4, 6, 8개일 경우를 시뮬레이션 하여 비교․분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 배기관 입구에 가까울수록, 분사구 수가 많을수록 효율이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

For rural landscape management to run in virtuous circle, the present study has paid attention to the roles and activities of local residents and administration, which are the main sectors of managing landscape. In this respect, this study is aimed to arrange the roles of local residents and administration for landscape management and propose the basic data necessary to develope evaluation index for effectiveness of rural landscape policy. Key findings and implications are as follows. First, literature reviews of 18 landscape management studies found 37 administrative roles and 7 roles of local residents. And those roles were classified into 3 factors by similar concept: 'local government support system', 'landscape management planning', and 'promoting the participation of residents'. Second, two Delphi surveys were conducted with landscape experts to verify the validity of those evaluation items by sector. Third, factor analysis was carried out to analyze the hierarchical structure of those evaluation items. 3 sub-factors were extracted from 'local government support system' sector; 2 sub-factors from the 'landscape management planning' sector; and 4 sub-factors from the 'promoting participation of residents' sector. Fourth, the hierarchy of those evaluation factors was divided into high and low classes and sub-indexes were structured to examine the relative importance of each class and assign a relative weight on each index. The most important sub-factors were turned out as follows: 'local residents' will to practice landscape activities (0.112)', 'local government budget for rural landscape management (0.088), and 'restriction on buildings by village regulation (0.068). It indicates the viewpoints of the landscape experts that local residents' voluntary participation in landscape activities and agreement of local residents on landscape management by village, e.g. village regulation, are preconditions for successful landscape management. In addition, it is significant for a local government to secure the budget of landscape management to support local residents support.

Die dienstliche Untreue ist im Koreanischen Strafrecht ein Vermögensdelikt, das in § 355 Abs. 2 StGB geregelt ist. Bei der (dienstlichen) Untreue handelt es sich um ein Vermögensdelikt, einen Tatbestand, der das Vermögen als Ganzes schützen soll. Der Tatbestand setzt die Verletzung einer besonderen Vermögensbetreuungspflicht voraus. Die Strafbarkeit setzt ferner voraus, dass als Folge der Verletzung der Vermögensbetreuungspflicht ein Vermögensnachteil für den Geschädigten eingetreten ist. Nach der koreanischen Urteile des obersten Gerichtshofs liegt aber ein Vermögensschaden auch dann vor, wenn der Täter nicht nur die Verletzung sondren auch die Gefährdung des Schutzvermögens verursacht hat. Die Strafbarkeit wegen des § 355 Abs. 2 StGB setzt auch Vorzatz vor. Der Täter muss also alle objektive Tatbestandsmerkmale, aber nur die Gefährlichkeit des Vermögensschadens nach der koreanischen Entscheidung des obersten Gerichtshofs, wahrgenommen haben. In Korea wurde ferner das Strafverschärfungsgesetz bezüglich der bestimmten Wirtschaftsdelikten geschaffen, den schweren Vermögensverbrechen hartzubestrafen. Nach dem § 3 Abs. 1 in diesem Gesetz wird der gesetzliche Verschärfungsstrafrahmen des Vermögensverbrechens, wie die Untreue in dieser Arbeit, vom Gewinn unterschieden. In Korea tritt die Problematik im Zusammenhang mit der Urteile des obersten Gerichtshofs vom 2012.12.27. "2012do10822" und 2000.5.26. "99do2781" vor, dass die vom Unternehmer begangene dienstliche Untreue überproportional schärfer verurteilt werden kann. Um diese Probleme der Rechtspflege des Gerichtshofs aufzulösen, ein Gesetzentwurf zur Änderung des Gesetzes im Jahre 2015, der den Tatbestand der (dienstlichen) Untreue mit Klarheit zum Verletzungs- und Zweckdelikt verändern wuerde, wurde von der einigen Abgeordnete eingebracht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit behandelt sich es noch ausführlicher gerade über diese Problematik der beiden Urteile des obersten Gerichtshofs.

In order to analyze the horticultural elements expressed in fairy tale books for preschoolers, a total of 318 books were analyzed from the top 150 books borrowed at the Seoul City Children’s Public Library and the books classified at the three major online bookstores in Korea. Horticultural elements were largely classified into horticultural plants, horticultural activities, and information of authors. The result pursuant to the classification based on horticulture appeared to be highest for flowering trees 77%, and the instances in which the name of the plants appeared in writing in the stories appeared to be 36% and regarding the diversity of plants, appearance of six species or more occupied the highest ratio. As a result of analyzing the weight of horticultural elements expressed in fairy tale books, there appeared to be a total of 56 books in which the horticultural elements were expressed 100%. The horticultural elements expressed in fairy tale books mostly appeared to be highly expressed when the author had horticultural experience. According to the result of this research, the expression frequency of horticultural elements appeared to be high overall, but it has been appeared passive expressions.

본 연구는 단경간 교량의 정적하중입력/변위출력관계를 이용한 새로운 교량 유한요소모델 개선 방법을 제안하였고, 실내 모형교량 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 기존의 유한요소모델개선기법은 실험으로부터 얻어진 모드계수와 유한요소모델로부터 예측된 모드계수가 유사해 지도록 유한요소모델을 개선하는데, 이 과정에서 구조계의 질량행렬에 대한 가정을 필요로 한다. 제안된 기법은 질량행렬을 가정하지 않고, 오 히려 질량행렬 추정을 가능하게 하는 장점을 가진다. 제안된 기법은 두 단계로 구성된다. 첫째, 정적 하중입력-변위응답으로부터 강성행렬을 개선하고, 둘째, 실측된 고유진동수를 이용하여 질량행렬을 개선한다. 실험검증을 위하여 실내 모형교량을 제작하였고, 제안된 기법을 이용하 여 모형교량의 탄성계수를 추정하였으며, Universal Testing Machine으로 부터 얻어진 탄성계수와 비교하였다. 또한 기존의 유한요소모델개 선기법으로 추정된 탄성계수와 비교하였다. 실험의 결과들로부터 제안된 기법이 합리적으로 탄성계수와 질량밀도를 추정하는 것이 관찰되었 고, 기존의 유한요소모델개선기법은 고차모드를 사용했을 때 상대적으로 큰 오차를 주는 것이 관찰되었다. 추가적으로 유한요소모델링 오차 에 대하여 토의하였다.

Background: The public has increasing concerns about herbal crops owing to insufficient information on biological hazards such as foodborne pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this study is the development of a herbal crop quality control system through monitoring with biological hazard analysis. Today, it is estimated that millions of people become ill every year from food contamination. The public demands agricultural products of stable and consistent quality. Governments have the responsibility of establishing the standards, legislation and enforcement programs necessary to control food quality and safety. However, research on the biosafety of herbal crop products is still insufficient. Therefore, the implementation of monitoring systems with high standards is critical for public safety. Methods and Results: In this study, we collected 52 samples of herbal crop products, and conducted both quantitative and qualitative biological hazard analysis. With biological hazard analysis, aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Coliforms, and Listeria spp. could be detected. Conclusions: Herbal crops were found to be contaminated with aerobic bacteria at 3.69 ± 0.32 log CFU/g. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Coliforms, and Listeria spp. were not detected in any of the samples. This research suggests that continuous monitoring of biological hazards is required to improve the quality of herbal crops.

본 연구는 Wee클래스를 이용한 경험이 있는 고등학교 교사를 대상으로 개념도 방법을 사용 하여 학교상담의 주요 관련자(stakeholder)로서 교사가 인식하는 전문상담교사 제공 서비스의 도움요소와 불만족요소를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 학교상담의 도움요소와 불만족요소에 대한 초 점질문을 바탕으로 서울, 인천, 경기 지역 고등학교에 재직 중인 교사 10명(남자 3명, 여자 7명) 에 대해 심층면담을 실시하였다. 면담 축어록에서 핵심문장을 추출한 뒤 다차원척도법과 군집 분석을 실시하고, 각 핵심문장별 중요도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 교사가 인식하는 도움요소는 총 12개의 군집으로 ‘군집 1. 자문 및 조언’, ‘군집 2. 심리적지지’, ‘군집 3. 정보 획득’, ‘군집 4. 교사 간 협력’, ‘군집 5. 상담환경 조성 및 홍보’, ‘군집 6. 외부기관 연계’, ‘군집 7. 예방 활동’, ‘군집 8. 위기 개입’, ‘군집 9. 학생과 공감적 관계 형성’, ‘군집 10. 상담교사의 전문성’, ‘군집 11. 학부모 상담’, ‘군집 12. 중재’로 도출되었으며, 각 군집별 중요도(5점 리커트 척도)는 ‘군집 8. 위기 개입(M=4.60)’이 가장 높았고, ‘군집 12. 중재(M=3.75)’가 가장 낮았다. 반면 불만족요 소는 총 7개의 군집으로 ‘군집 1. 학생에 대한 지나친 허용적 태도’, ‘군집 2. 비밀보장의 문제’, ‘군집 3. 수업 중 상담의 문제’, ‘군집 4. 교사 대상 서비스 부족’, ‘군집 5. 상담교사 부족’, ‘군집 6. 상담 업무의 비공개성’, ‘군집 7. 상담교사의 역량 부족’으로 도출되었으며, 각 군집별 중요도 는 ‘군집 5. 상담교사 부족(M=4.30)’이 가장 높았고, ‘군집 2. 비밀보장의 문제(M=3.60)’가 가장 낮았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교원교육의 측면에서 학교상담의 활성화 방안과 제한점, 추후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

In order to understand the seismic performance of weir structure under seismic events, concrete weir structure with infinite foundations was modeled in ABAQUS. Additionally, this study conducted the three different design response spectra based on KBC 2009, ASCE 7-05, and EuroCode 8. The results from numerical analyses showed that the seismic behavior of weir structure subjected to seismic ground motions was sensitive to natural frequency and mass participation factors.

In countries that suffer from heavy rain such as Korea, bridges have to be prepared for a sudden water level increase. However, research on the flood risk assessment for bridges has gained less attention than earthquakes, even though one of the major causes of bridge failures has been reported to be flood. In addition, various sources of uncertainty make it challenging to evaluate the flood fragility of a bridge, and there have been few studies on the flood fragility curve derivation for bridges. The present study proposes a new methodology employing finite element reliability analysis to derive flood fragility curve. In the proposed method, two software packages, ABAQUS and FERUM, are connected so that reliability analysis can be performed in conjunction with sophisticated finite element analysis flood fragility assessment. The method is applied a real bridge in Korea, and flood fragility curves are derived for multiple damage states.

This study presented the seismic performance of weir structures with infinite foundations subjected to seismic ground motions, rather than finite soil foundation to avoid the reflection of seismic wave propagation at the mesh boundaries. The analytical model of weir structures was developed in ABAQUS　platform and then the seismic performance of concrete weir structure was evaluated through design response spectrum (KBC 2009). It was revealed that the maximum stresses obtained from infinite models was significantly increased, in comparison to the finite models.

It is necessary to develop application design technology and modular of reinforcing bar. After reviewing the rebar drawing of the NPP Stucture and performing the mock-up test, the rebar modularization method in the various area of the NPP Stucture has been established.

It is necessary to develop application design technology and modular of reinforcing bar. After reviewing the rebar drawing of the NPP Stucture and performing the mock-up test, the rebar modularization method in the various area of the NPP Stucture has been established.

This study investigated the behavior of newly-developed circular steel girder over bridge. The traditional bridge is a simple span with the maximum span length about 7.0m. The proposed bridge is sequenced by extending a steel tube girder and reducing the number of infrastructure. It can make to improve constructability and save cost. In this study, we conducted a finite element analysis of the behavior of the main part, and aimed to check the compliance of allowable stress.