The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and attitudes for leftover foods and the relationship between gender/number of family members on the effect of leftover foods-free day in elementary school students. The reasons for school lunch leftover foods were ‘too much amount (38.3%)’ and ‘disliked menu (33.6%)’, and the preferred ways for reduction of leftover food was ‘to cook deliciously (34%)’. In the case of students who received nutrition education for reduction of leftover lunch, approximately 33.8% of subjects received nutrition education by administered by nutrition teachers during lunch time. The reason for reducing the amount of leftover foods was ‘not to waste the foods (35.5%)’. After a leftover food-free day, approximately 62.3% of subjects responded that they ate their whole meal, except for soup. The subjects wanted ‘twice per week for leftover food-free day’ and had positive attitudes for that program. Proportion of practicing reduction of leftover foods in families was 55.9% of subjects, and 40.5% of subjects preferred dietary education by nutrition teachers in the classroom. For effective reduction of leftover lunch in school, nutrition teachers should attract interest on the environment and foods through after-school activities.

본 연구는 큰느타리버섯 수확후배지 발효사료에 적합한 생균제를 개발하고 큰느타리버섯 수확후배지 발효사료 급여가 비육한우에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 큰느타리버섯 수확후배지 발효사료를 제조하기 위하여 큰느타리버섯 수확후배지로부터 cellulase, xylanase 활성이 우수하면서 Asp. flavus에 대해 항균활성을 나타내는 균주를 선발하여 Bacillus subtilis CS21로 명명하고 버섯수확후배지 발효사료용 생균제로 사용하였다. 사양시험은 13개월령 비육한우 20두를 공시하여 29-30개월령까지 수행하였다. 공시동물은 성장단계(육성기, 비육전기, 비육후기)에 따라 배합비를 조절한 TMR 사료를 급여한 대조구와 30%의 큰느타리버섯 수확후배지 발효사료가 첨가된 TMR 사료(30% F-SMS TMR)를 급여한 처리구로 나누어 수용하였다. 시험기간 동안 총 증체량과 일당 사료섭취량은 대조구보다 30% F-SMS TMR 급여구에서 약간 높게 나타났다. 육질등급에서는 대조구와 30% F-SMS TMR 급여구 모두 1등급 이상 출현율이 100%를 나타내었으나 육량등급의 A등급 출현율은 대조구(57%)가 30% F-SMS TMR 급여구(41.67%)보다 높은 경향을 나타내었으며 C등급 출현율은 대조구(0%)보다 30% F-SMS TMR 첨가구(25%)에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 발효공정을 거쳐 기호성과 저장성이 개선된 큰느타리버섯 수확후배지 발효사료 급여는 육질등급에서는 대조구와 비슷하였지만 증체량은 대조구보다 30% F-SMS TMR 급여구가 높은 반면 육량등급의 A등급 출현율은 낮고 C등급 출현율은 높은 경향을 나타내었으므로 육량등급을 높일 수 있도록 배합사료 조성비를 개선한다면 큰느타리버섯 수확후배지는 비육한우의 대체사료자원으로 이용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 사료비절감 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 비만 여성을 대상으로 1일 300~400 kcal의 섭취 열량을 제한하는 프로그램(대조군)과, 열량의 제한은 없이 음 양 체질에 따라 식품의 종류를 선택하는 프로그램(실험군)을 8주간 실시하여 체중 감량 효과를 비교하였고, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대조군과 실험군 모두 체중감량 프로그램 참여 후 유의 적인 체중 변화가 있었으며, 대조군은 평균 1.1 kg, 실험군은 2.8 kg의 체중이 감량되었고, 실험군 내에서는 음체질이 3.3 kg, 양체질이 2.3 kg 감량을 보였다. 프로그램 참여 후 대조군 과 실험군 모두 체지방, 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레가, 실험군은 체지방, 체질량지수, 가슴둘레, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘 레가 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 감 소폭이 더 큰 경향을 보였다. 2. 대조군의 경우, 1일 섭취 열량이 프로그램 실시 전 2,061.0 kcal에서 실시 후 1,588.4 kcal로 약 17%가 감소하였다. 반면, 실험군은 프로그램 실시 전 1,679.6 kcal 에서 체중감량 프로 그램 실시 후 1,810.6 kcal로 약 7% 증가하는 상반된 결과가 나타났다. 영양소 섭취 상태를 살펴보면 대조군은 체중 감량 프로그램 실시 후 지방과 단백질, 당질, 나트륨, 콜레스테롤, 나이아신, 비타민 B1, 아연, 인, 칼슘의 섭취가 각각 유의적으 로 감소하였다. 실험군은 탄수화물과 식이섬유, 칼슘, 인, 철 분, 비타민 A, 비타민 B2, 비타민 C의 섭취량이 유의하게 증 가하였다. 3. 대조군과 실험군 모두 프로그램 실시 전 음양 식품의 섭 취빈도에 차이가 없었으나, 프로그램 실시 후 실험군에서 양 체질인은 음성식품을, 음체질인은 양성식품을 섭취하는 빈도 가 유의하게 증가하였다. 4. 프로그램 실시 후 대조군은 헤모글로빈 수치가 유의적 으로 감소하였으나, 실험군은 헤모글로빈 수치가 유의적으로 증가하였고, 혈당, 혈중 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방이 유의적 으로 감소하였다. 이상과 같이본 연구에서는 체질식이를 섭취한 경우, 체중 감소가 더 효과적으로 나타나고, 영양소 섭취상태도 개선되 는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 앞으로 식습관과 질병의 연관성 및 질병에 따른 체질식품의 효과 유무에 대해 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

This study was conducted using a self boarding questionnaire survey to investigate body image perception, dietary habits and nutrient intakes according to interest level in health of female university students in Masan area (n=302). The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to interest level in health (‘High’ group, n=101, ‘Low’ group, n=201). Body image according to BMI was significantly different regardless of interest level in health (p<0.001). The answer percentage indicated that the purpose of weight control is health, regular use of the scale, and regular exercise were significantly higher in the high group (p<0.05). Nutrient knowledge score (p<0.01) and food frequency score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the high group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in nutrient intake, but intake, NAR and INQ of vitamin C were significantly higher in the high group (p<0.001). Nutrition knowledge score (p<0.01), food intake frequency score (p<0.01), and INQ and NAR of vitamin C (p<0.01) were positively correlated with the interest level in health. These results will be useful as a basis for the development of effective nutrition education programs in order to increase interest level in health and apply well in real life what have learned through the correct nutrition knowledge.

본 연구는 노원구 S대에 재학 중인 남자 대학생을 대상으 로 lacto-ovo-vegetarian과 non-vegetarian으로 나누어 신체계측, 건강상태, 식습관 및 영양소 섭취상태를 비교하여 건강에 대 한 기초 자료로 사용하고자 실시하였다. 1. Lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian의 신장은 차이가 없 었지만, 체중은 non-vegetarian에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 2. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 종교적인 이유로 채식을 하고 있 었으며, 영양학적으로 채식 식사의 만족도는 86.0%를 차지하 였다. 3. Lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian은 건강에 대한 관 심도와 영양제 복용율은 낮은 편이었으며, 운동을 하는 비율 은 lacto-ovo vegetarian 64.0%와 non-vegetarian 61.4%가 한다고 답하였다. 4. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 non-vegetarian에 비해 식사를 규 칙적으로 하였으며, 매일 아침식사를 하는 비율이 높았다. 또 한 전체 조사대상자들은 모두 외식을 한다고 답하였으며, 외 식 시 선호하는 음식으로는 한식을 선호하는 것으로 조사되 었다. 5. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 non-vegetarian에 비해 우유나 유 제품(요구르트, 요플레 등)을 매일 1병 이상 마시는 점, 김치 이외의 채소를 식사할 때마다 먹는 점, 과일(1개)이나 과일주 스(1잔)를 매일 먹는 점, 식사는 매일 세끼를 규칙적으로 한 다는 점 및 모든 식품을 골고루 섭취하는 점에 대해 높은 경 향을 보였다. 이에 비해 non-vegetarian은 달걀, 콩 및 두부 등 으로 된 음식을 끼니마다 먹는 점과 튀김이나 기름에 볶는 요리를 주 2회 이상 먹는 점이 높은 경향을 보였다. 6. Lacto-ovo vegetarian의 경우, 에너지, 비타민 B2, B6 및 니아신 섭취율이 낮은 반면에, 식이섬유는 충분히 섭취하고 있었다. 그러나 non-vegetarian은 식이섬유는 부족하게 섭취 하였으나, 소디움, 콜레스테롤 등의 영양소는 과잉 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 종합해 보면, 건강관련사항이나 식 습관에 있어서는 두 군 간에 큰 차이는 없었지만, 영양소 섭 취상태에서는 lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian에 있어서 유의한 차이를 보였다. Lacto-ovo vegetarian의 경우에는 육류 나 생선 섭취를 하지 않는 것을 고려하여 열량을 비롯한 다른 영양소의 섭취를 충분히 할 수 있도록 신중한 식사계획이 필 요하며, 식품교환표를 이용한 대체식품의 이용률을 증가시켜 야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 non-vegetarian의 경우는 지속적 인 영양소의 과잉 섭취로 인한 건강상의 문제점이 발생되지 않도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

This study was designed to investigate dietary life related to sodium of participants in hypertension and diabetes preventive education at the public health center located in Incheon Metropolitan City. Subjects were comprised of 301 adults (males: 102, female: 199) of age 50 years and above. The questionnaire for dietary life and salty taste assessment were performed on the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS package (ver. 18.0). According to the result of questionnaire for dietary behavior, 70% of the subjects were in the low salt intake group (p<0.001). In the result of questionnaire for dietary frequency, all ages groups were in the low salt intake group (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary behavior showed that the subjects of age above 75 years preferred salted seafood, soup, and kimchi (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary frequency showed that the subjects of age between 65 and 74, least chose fried kimchi, noodle, and soybean paste soup with clams (p<0.05), and the healthy adult groups chose kimchi stew, ssam and ssamjang (p<0.05). The score for dietary behavior in male subjects was higher than female subjects (p<0.01). In particular, the score for dietary frequency was the lowest in the subjects of age between 65 and 74 (p<0.01). The mean value of salty taste assessment in the subjects was 0.41% which is higher than the ideal value of 0.3% (p<0.01). Offering more nutrition education and continuous feedback of healthcare center may be needed to improve the health status of the adults.

본 연구는 마늘껍질 생균제 급여가 산란계의 생산성 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 60주령의 산란계(Hy-line Brown)를 4개 처리구(control, T1, T2 및 T3)로서 처리당 6반복, 반복 당 6수씩 총 144수를 공시하였다. 시험구인 T1, T2 및 T3는 마늘껍질 생균제를 각각 0.5%, 1.0%, 2%를 첨가하여 4주간 급여하였으며, 산란계의 생산성 및 계란 품질을 분석하였다. 난중은 처리구들간 유의차가 없었으나, 사료섭취량은 대조구에 비해 마늘껍질 생균제 0.5%와 2% 급여구인 T1 및 T3에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 계란생산량은 모든 마늘껍질 생균제 급여구에서 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 마늘껍질 생균제 급여량이 증가할수록 계란 생산량 또한 증가하였다(P<0.05). 계란품질을 평가하는 난각강도, 난각두께, 난황높이 및 haugh unit 값에선 유의차가 없었으나(P>0.05), 마늘껍질 생균제 급여시 증가됨을 확인하였다. 난황 내 아미노산 조성 결과, T2에서 높은 황함유아미노산 값을 나타내었으며, T3에서 가장 높은 불포화지방산 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 마늘껍질 생균제 급여량이 증가할수록 불포화지방산 함량이 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 따라서 마늘껍질 생균제 급여는 산란계의 사료섭취량 및 계란생산성 증가뿐만 아니라 계란 품질을 개선시키는 것으로 사료된다.

This study investigated data on beef dietary consumption during the Joseon Dynasty Period, including「the Annals ofthe Joseon Dynasty」,「the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat」, and「Ilsongnok」. Beef stands for superstitions as well asrespect, broad-mindedness, exquisite culinary taste, and is a symbol of taste. In the historic record, we found two extremelyopposite trends; specifically, Ugeum (牛禁, forbidding beef consumption and indulgence in beef). On the one hand,believing that they were the rudimentary foundation to Korea’s agriculture, Joseon authorities tried to protect cows and bullsas valuable agricultural assets. Meanwhile, there were several officially sanctioned beef consumption events in the Joseonperiod. These included Jesu (祭需, food for ancestral rites), Daejup (待接, servings), Hasa (下賜, bestowment), and Hogue(饋, comforting soldiers with culinary methods). These included offerings to the departed spirits, servings, bestowment,and comforting soldiers with culinary methods. Especially in Joseon’s Yeonhang (燕行) Journals, we can see different beefdistributions and preferences between Japan and China. Furthermore, The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty even addressedthe general issue of beef treatment; special methods for beef processing, beef distribution, tool materials, and prices of beef.

In this study, we investigated the dietary habits, snacks, and self-purchasing snacks (SPS) intake behaviors of 519 elementary school students (boys=239, girls=280). Obesity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in boys (24.8%) than in girls (14.7%) and the proportion of underweight subjects was higher compared to normal or other weight groups for both the boys and the girls. There were 7.5% of the subjects in the group that always skipped breakfast, and the main reason of skipping breakfast was insufficient time (51.9%). The snack intake frequency was once or twice per week for 23.1% of the subjects and three or four times per week for 25.1%. The SPS intake frequency was the subjects zero for 35.6% of the highest level of the responders, while 6.8% of the respondents took more than once SPS per day. 59.6% of the respondents consumed SPS due to hunger while 15.0% consumed SPS out of boredom. The SPS was purchased from supermarkets in 34.5% of the cases, from convenience stores in 24.1% and from snack corners in 20.0% of cases or from a store near school in 14.5% of the cases. Analysis of SPS behaviors according to obesity index showed that parent’s opinion of ‘permission to buy SPS as needed’ had a significant effect in 64.5% over weight subjects compared to only 53.7% in underweight groups. The subjects who used more than 3/4 of their pocket money to buy SPS was higher in the overweight groups (16.4%) than in the underweight groups (7.0%) and normal weight groups (9.8%). The favorite snacks and SPS were milk and yogurt for 45.7% of the subjects, fruits for 42.7%, ice cream for 26.4%, fruit juices for 23.8%, sweet stuff for 16.4%, frozen dessert for 8.9%, and chocolate or candy for 8.1% in descending order. The intake frequency of milk, yogurt, and fruit juices was higher in the underweight groups, but the intake frequency of sweet stuff, frozen dessert, and chocolate or candy was higher in over weight groups. The intake of frozen dessert was more than four times higher in the overweight groups than in the underweight groups. In conclusion, dietary habits, snacks, and SPS intake behaviors were similar between the boys and the girls and obesity groups, but most students appeared to have a high preference for intake snacks and SPS. Therefore, education for appropriate snacks intake habits will be beneficial for improving their dietary habits and health.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the eating of breakfast by female middle school students in Seoul, the perception of the school breakfast program (SBP), and determine the factors affecting the intention to participate in SBP. Out of 340 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students, 334 were returned (98.2% response rate) and 323 were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into two groups by the intention to participate in SBP. Subjects were classified as participating and non participating groups. As a result of analyzing the breakfast intake frequency, 'hardly eat' showed the highest with 18.5% in the participating group and 10.3% in non participating group, while 'eat every day' showed 38.2% in the participating group, and the highest with 65.5% in non participating group (p<0.001). For the reason for skipping breakfast, 'no time' showed the highest with 30.0% in the participating group, 'over sleep' and 'no appetite' showed the highest with 24.8% in non participating group. For the reason for not participating in SBP, 'breakfast should be eaten at home' showed the highest with 47.2% in non participating group and 'may get up early in the morning' showed the highest with 46.2% in participating group (p<0.01). To determine the factors affecting the intention to participate in SBP, logistic regression analyses were conducted for female middle school students. According to the logistic regression analysis, father's education level was independently associated with the intention to participate in SBP in female middle school students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.03~5.52]. Frequency of eating breakfast on weekdays (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01~1.81), Level of need for school breakfast (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35~0.76) and whether to approve school breakfast (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18~0.41) were independently associated with the intention to participate in SBP in female middle school students. In conclusion, proper educational efforts for importance of school breakfast could be useful plan to develop school breakfast program.

The study is part of the Chinese beverage selection attributes according to dietary style purchases based on the different dietary styles among different factors and consumer behavior analysis of consumer characteristics. The subjects of study were for the people living in Tianjin China objects directly in the local implementation of the questionnaire survey. A statistical analysis of 455 was conducted using SPSS 19. Using the general statistical analysis and cause analysis and reliability analysis, ANOVA test and cross analysis. Investigation object types related dietary style 20 projects, selection attributes 14 exploratory analysis of the causes, according to the results of dietary style in five factors, respectively of the health oriented, convenience oriented, economy oriented, gourmet oriented, food safety oriented convenient type named pursuit. Selection attributes is to consider three items of the preference factors, production and functional factors, information factors named. Food safety oriented showed a high percentage, Gourmet oriented compared to other types of higher proportion of singles. Food safety oriented production and functional factors to purchase consideration magazine and newspaper has obtained the information. Gourmet oriented production and functional factors to purchase consideration TV and radio were obtained by using the information. Health oriented green tea beverages have been preferred.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary behavior and temperament & character in preschool children, and to offer basic data that can be applied for nutrition education and counseling. A total of 211 parents of preschool children aged 3~5 years performed the Korean version of Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory (K-psTCI), a questionnaire based on Cloninger's seven-factor model of personality, along with a questionnaire about the dietary behaviors of their children. K-psTCI represented seven factors such as harm avoidance (HA), novelty seeking (NS), reward dependence (RD), persistence (P), self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (CO), and self-transcendence (ST). The subjects were divided into either the high rank group or low rank group based on the mean score of each factor. The high rank group of HA showed significantly less physical activity and less appetite than the low rank group of HA. The children in the high rank of NS were more likely to have picky eating and a late night snack. The children in the low rank of SD or CO were more likely to have undesirable dietary behaviors, such as picky eating, too much snacking, and lower appetite than those in the high rank of SD or CO. In conclusion, individual temperament & character in preschool children may be associated with their dietary behavior, and understanding temperament & character in children may be important facts to screen and to develop an effective nutrition education program for children.

Cladosiphon okamuranus is edible brown algae cultured commercially and massively at Okinawa coast. Dietary fiber occupying most of C. okamuranus isn't digested and absorbed by digestive enzymes of human. But it is known to prevent and treat constipation as metabolic disease. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber extracted from C. okamuranus on the damage of liver and the blood cholesterol level in the high fat dietfed rats. The effects were measured by the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in sera. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG and LDL were significantly reduced in the C. okamuranus-treated group compared with the high fat diet group. But HDL level was markedly increased. The results showed that the dietary fiber extracts from C. okamuranus have the inhibitive effects of cholesterol biosynthesis in the high fat diet-fed rats.

본 연구의 목적은 사회복지적 원조방안의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 여자대학생 115명의 건강증진행위에 대한 자기애적 성격성향과 다이어트 행위의 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 건강증진행위에 관련된 요인들이 다양하지만 본 연구에서는 자기애적 성격성향과 다이어트 행위요인이 어떻게 관련되어 있는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 조사 대상자들은 임의 표집하여 건강증진 생활양식 척도, 자기애적 성격검사 척도, 다차원적 섭식태도 검사 척도를 사용한 자기보고질문지로 응답하였다. 조사 자료의 분석은 SPSS 15.0을 이용하여 기술통계분석, t-검정, 분산분석, 상관관계분석, 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사 대상자들의 건강증진행위의 평균점수는 129.51점으로 높게 나타났다. 세부 영역으로 실천 정도가 가장 높은 영역은 스트레스 관리이며, 가장 낮은 영역은 자아실현으로 나타났다. 둘째, 건강증진행위와 자기애적 성격성향, 다이어트 행위간에는 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 자기애적 성격성향과 다이어트 행위는 여자대학생의 건강증진행위 예측 요인으로 나타났다. 그러므로 자기애적 성격성향과 다이어트행위의 고려를 반영하는 복지서비스 투입이 사회복지 실천에 있어서 여자 대학생을 위한 효과적인 개입으로 제안되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the degree of practice of dietary behavior and dining out in accordance with intake of sodium among male and female adults aged 20 years or older residing in the Seoul Metropolitan area or Chungcheong Province. A total of 530 copies of the questionnaire were distributed from May to July, 2014. The SH group who responded that they eat a lot of sodium constituted 30.6% (158 people), followed by the SM group who responded that their sodium intake is about average at 55.7% (288 people) and the SL group who answered that they do not eat much sodium at 13.7% (71 people). Those in the SL group showed positive results for dietary behavior patterns. The SL group showed the lowest rate in terms of how often they eat harmful foods, including processed foods, sweet foods, salty foods, or food with high animal fat content such as pork belly. Positive results among the SL group were prominent in terms of avoiding over-drinking, regular exercise, and nutritional knowledge, indicating greater health management. The distribution of each group in terms of self-perceived sodium intake showed significant differences across age, gender, and household income in terms of frequency of fast food intake, regularity of meals, purchase of foods with consideration of sodium amount, frequency of missed meals, balance of food intake, and health management habits.

느티만가닥버섯 수확후배지 발효사료 급여가 산란계에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 도준농산에서 수거한 느 티만가닥버섯 수확후배지를 Bacillus subtilis EJ3 배양액 과 혼합하여 2주 동안 발효시킨 것을 공시사료로 사용하 였다. 실험동물인 12주령된 Hy-line brown 갈색계 24수는 시판사료 급여구인 대조구(T0)와 5(T1), 10(T2), 15%(T3) 의 버섯수확후배지 발효산물이 첨가된 시판사료 급여구인 시험구로 나누어 12주 동안 공시사료를 급여하였다. 12주 동안 평균 산란율은 대조구에 비해 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가구에서 증가하였다가 버섯수확후배지 첨가 량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 사료섭취량은 대조구와 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가구에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가량이 증가할수록 약간 증가하였다. 사료요구율은 대조구와 5% 버섯수확후 배지 첨가구에서 비슷하게 나타났으며 10% 버섯수확후배 지 첨가구부터는 버섯수확후배지 첨가량이 증가할수록 높 게 나타났다. 산란량과 산란율은 대조구보다는 5% 버섯수 확후배지 첨가구에서 높게 나타났다. 총 12주의 사양시험 기간 동안 난중, 난각강도, 난각두께, 난황색 모두 5% 버 섯수확후배지 발효산물을 첨가한 처리구에서는 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었지만 버섯수확후배지 발효산물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 계란의 내부 품 질을 평가하는 기준인 난황색은 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효 산물 첨가구에서는 대조구와 차이가 없었으나 10% 이상 의 버섯수확후배지 발효산물을 첨가한 처리구에서는 난황 색이 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 계란의 내부 오염 지 표인 육반과 혈반에서는 처리구간의 차이는 없었으며 외 부 품질 기준인 난각색도 처리구간에 차이를 나타내지 않 았다. 그러나 계란의 포장과 수송과정에서 계란의 상품성 에 영향을 미치는 요인인 난각중과 난각 두께는 5% 버섯 수확후배지 발효산물 첨가구에서 대조구보다 높게 나타났 다. 버섯수확후배지 발효산물의 급여구에서 산란계의 가스 발생량은 버섯수확후배지 첨가량이 증가할수록 암모니아 가스 발생량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a set of 16 nutrition education lessons on the eating behaviors and nutrition knowledge of middle school students. The target was a group of 128 boys in the first year of middle school in Changwon, who took the classes from the 29th of August, 2011, to the 17th of February, 2012. The education was performed for 16 weeks using the e-learning textbook, 'Health and nutrition of youth', and a teacher's guidebook developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The results were summarized as follows. Students demonstrated significant changes in their knowledge about nutrition and in their dietary behavior due to the nutrition education, and the effects were observed to be maintained for one year after education. The average nutrition knowledge score before, immediately after, and 1 year after the education was significantly increased from 13.0 before the education to 18.8 after education (p＜0.001), maintaining the score of 18.5 1 year later. The eating-related questions of 'I will practice healthy eating habits in life' and 'Nutrition education is necessary to build healthy eating habits', were given a high score by the students at the last survey conducted one year later. Of course, it is not easy to change the dietary behavior of students through dietary education in schools. Nevertheless, the results of this study demonstrated that such educatcan is necessary since the habits can indeed be changed, as observed in the present study.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationships between dietary factors and the stress perception levels of College students. A survey was conducted in June, 2010, targeting 332 college students in Gwangju. General environmental factors, stress perception levels, dietary behaviors, and dietary action guide performance of the subjects were evaluated by questionnaire, and food intakes was determined by the 24-hour recall method. The results are summarized as follows.: The score of frequency experiencing was 45.1±16.9 for male students, and 47.0±16.7 for female students. The importance scores were 50.8±18.5 for males, and 53.3±18.7 for females. The total score for dietary action guide performance was 39.6±7.2 for males and 40.6±6.5 for females. Nutrient intake levels were evaluated based on dietary reference intake (DRI), revealing energy intakes to be 68.5% EER in males and 73.9% in females. The mean intakes of nutrient were 54.2% RI for calcium, 73.6% RI for riboflavin, and 51.2% RI for vitamin C but 203.6% AI for sodium, which indicates an imbalance in nutrient intake. Analysis of the correlations between stress perception levels and dietary factors, scholarship achievements, financial problems, future problems, value senses, and family relationships revealed significant correlations with general environment factors, dietary behaviors, Dietary action guide performance, and nutrient intakes (p＜0.05). The higher the stress perception levels of the students, the higher the energy, coffee and alcohol intake, which predicts that appropriate stress control in college students will lead to better dietary habits. It is expected that the results above will be used as basic data for the development of proper nutrition education programs and stress control strategies.

The purpose of this study was to measure the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, eating behavior, physical ability and locomotion of 5-year-old-children, and thereby to provide the fundamental information necessary to develop a nutritionrelated physical education program. A survey was performed on 143 5-years-old boys and 113 girls. The results were as follows. The average score in the nutrition knowledge item, was 7.22 out of a possible 10 points; in the dietary attitude item, 32.46 out of 50 points; in the eating behavior item, 26.67 out of 40 points. According to body measurement, there was a significant difference in height by gender (p＜0.05), Significant differences in muscle mass and basal metabolic rate were also observed by gender (p＜0.001). Gender also influenced the flexibility and reflexibility (p＜0.001), with significant difference in balance of the right side (p＜0.01). Although this study was limited by its cross-sectional study design, the body muscle (p＜0.05) and basal metabolic rate (p＜0.05) were observed to have a positive relation with nutritional knowledge. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and dietary attitude (p＜0.01). According to the results, it is necessary to develop a long-term and systematic program with the combination of nutrition and physical education to develop correct dietary habits and for the balanced growth of children.

목적:본 연구는 연하장애를 동반한 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 8주간 실시된 혀의 저항 운동 프로토콜이 혀의 근력과 전반적인 연하 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법:본 연구는 2013년 8월부터 2014년 2월까지 75명의 연하장애 환자를 대상으로 실험군과 대조군으로 나누어 실시하였다. 두 군 모두 전통적 연하재활치료를 시행 받았으며 실험군은 아이오아 구강 수행도구를 이용하여 혀의 저항 운동을 추가적으로 시행 받았다. 혀의 근력 변화는 아이오아 구강 수행척도(Iowa Oral Performance Instrument; IOPI)를 사용하였으며 전반적인 연하기능과 식이단계의 변화는 비디오 투시 조영검사(Video Fluroscopic Swallowing Study; VFSS)를 기반으로 비디오 투시 연하장애척도(Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale; VDS)와 미국언어청각협회 연하척도(American Speech–Language- Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System; ASHA NOMS)를 사용하였다.결과:본 연구 결과 혀의 저항운동을 실시한 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 혀의 근력, 연하의 기능과 식이단계에 있어 효과에 대한 명확한 차이를 확인 할 수 없었으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 혀의 전방과 후방의 근력 변화는 실험군, 대조군 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 2) 연하기능의 변화와 식이단계 변화 역시 두 군 모두에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 3) 두 그룹 모두 중재 전과 후의 변화량 역시 통계학적 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론:본 연구는 연하장애를 동반한 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 혀의 저항운동이 혀의 근력 향상, 연하기능과 식이단계의 변화에 있어 대조군과 비교한 결과 그 효과에 대한 차이가 없었다. 추후 연구에서는 중재 기간과 횟수가 수정된 프로토콜을 이용한 효과 검증이 필요할 것이다.