In this study, the emission characteristics of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) including H₂S, CH₃SH, DMS and DMDS released via cooking were investigated. Cooking smoke samples were produced by two different cooking methods (fry and steam) and analyzed for direct comparison between three types of food (cabbage, clam and coffee bean). In general, a large quantity of RSC came out from fried foods relative to steamed foods. The conversion of RSC concentration to odor intensity (OI) showed OI values in the range of 2.54∼6.41 for fried foods and 1.23∼3.68 for steamed foods. The results of this study suggest that we need to develop and establish environmentally friendly cooking methods.

In all living organisms, respiration may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species overwhelms host protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein denaturation. As a phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid occurs ubiquitously in food. It has been proven to have a number of biological effects in vitro and in vivo, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Therefore, to some extent, chlorogenic acid can promote human health, and hopefully provide new methods for treatment of chronic disease. Recent studies have focused on the antioxidant properties of dietary polyphenols. The in vitro data often conflict with results obtained from in vivo studies on the antioxidant capacity of plasma or the resistance of plasma and lipoproteins to oxidation ex vivo after consumption of polyphenol-rich foods by human subjects. These inconsistencies are likely explained by the limited bioavailability of dietary polyphenols and their extensive metabolism in humans. Polyphenols exert multifaceted actions, and any clinical application using these substances should be based on a precise understanding of the physiologically relevant mechanisms.

In this study was analyzed substances that high contribute to odor strength degree which emitted from the painting, the plating, the casting, the rubber manufacturing, and the used oil refining facilities in Gwangju Hanam industrial complex. In order to this, we analyzed two types of nitrogen compounds, five types of sulfur compounds, thirteen types of the aldehyde, and ten types of volatile organic compounds discharged from an outlet for antipollution facilities. The results are as following high contribution rate sustances to odor strenth was ordered butylaldehyde (73.8%) ＞ acetaldehyde (17.7%) ＞ propionaldehyde (4.9%) at painting facilities. At plating facilities, it was ordered Acetaldehyde (59.0%) ＞ ammonia (19.1) ＞ hydrogen sulfide (13.1%). At casting facilities, it was ordered Hydrogen sulfide (65.9%) ＞ acetaldehyde (17.2%) ＞ sulfur dioxide(5.2%). At rubber manufacturing facilities, it was ordered i-valeraldehyde (35.0%) ＞ butylaldehyde (32.0%) ＞ n-valeraldehyde (13.3%) and at used oil refinery facilities, it was ordered Acetaldehyde (36.8%)＞ butylaldehyde (33.6%) ＞ sulfur dioxide (14.5%).

분자생물학의 발달로 최근에야 비로소 조금씩 비밀이 풀려가는 생체 주기성에 대하여 고대인들은 그 원인과 기전에 대해서는 알 수 없었지만, 경험적으로 그 존재에 대하여는 東西를 막론하고 이해하고 있었던 것으로 보인다. 또한 한의학에서는 十二經脈의 시간에 따른 유주 특성을 통해 인체 생리의 일주기 특성을 이해하였으며, 이에 따라 疾病의 치료와 양생에 적극적으로 응용하여 왔다. 본 논문에서는 한의학에서 十二經脈의 시간적 유주 특성과 현대 서양의학에서의 호르몬 분비 변화 주기가 생체시계, 즉 인체 생리의 일주기 특성이라는 동일한 면을 서로 다른 방향에서 바라보는 합리적인 방법인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 인체 생리 활동에 큰 영향을 끼치며, 일정한 분비 주기특성을 지니는 멜라토닌, 성장호르몬, 인슐린, 코티솔의 일주기 특성과 생리적 작용을 분석하고, 각 호르몬의 분비가 왕성한 시간대에 盛하게 流注하는 經脈의 특성과 비교하여, 十二經脈의 시간적 유주 특성이 생체시계를 이해하는 동양의학의 합리적인 방법인지를 확인하였다. 그 결과 고대인들은 원리적으로 설명할 수는 없었지만, 인체 내 생리시계의 존재를 경험적으로 잘 이해하고 있었으며, 이를 十二經脈의 시간적 유주 특성으로 표현하여 합리적으로 활용하였음을 확인할 수 있었다.

반도체는 현대문명의 쌀과 같다. 우리가 일상생활에서 사용하는 선풍기, 라디오, TV, 전화기, 컴퓨터 등 모든 전지 제품에 반도체가 사용된다. 또한 청정에너지인 태양광 발전도 반도체인 태양전지 판을 이용하여 전기를 생산한다. 바람을 이용한 풍력 발전도 발전된 전기를 제어하는 곳에는 반도체가 쓰인다. 조력, 지열, 화력, 수력 발전의 제어 부분에도 역시 반도체가 사용되며, 결과적으로 우리가 향유하는 현대 문명기기는 반도체의 결정체이다. 본 논문에서는 이처럼 중요한 현대 문명의 근간이 되는 반도체의 원리와 가장 기본적인 반도체인 다이오드에 관하여 고찰 해본다.

암 은 개인적 질병이면서 사회문화적 (癌) 질병이다. 암(癌)을 이해하고 극복하기 위해서는 병의 본질에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 하고 현대 의학적인 접근과 자연치유나 통합의학적인 접근의 차이와 특징을 먼저 이해할 필요가 있다. 그러면 사회문화적 질병으로서의 암을 이해할 수 있는 시야가 열릴 것이다.

수학은 그 특성상 보이는 세계와 보이지 않는 서로 다른 두 개의 세계를 모두 설명할 수 있는 자유성을 가지고 있다 본 논문에서는 . 보이지 않는 마음의 세계를 설명할 수 있는 몇 가지를 동원하고자 한다. 깨어있는 마음의 상태를 문제를 푸는 과정과 접목시키고, 무한의 관점에서 마음의 자유성을 도입하며 동치관계, 벡터의 방향성, 차원이동 등의 이론들을 통하여 마음의 성질을 규명하고 실제 삶으로의 접근 방법을 모색한다. 특히 알아차림의 상태가 마음을 조정할 수 있는 결정적인 역할을 할 수 있음에 주안점을 두고 삶에의 적용방법까지 연구영역으로 한다.

Simultaneous Ni and C codeposition by electrolysis was investigated with the aim of obtaining better corrosionresistivity and surface conductivity of a metallic bipolar plate for application in fuel cells and redox flow batteries. The carboncontent in the Ni-C composite plate fell in a range of 9.2~26.2at.% as the amount of carbon in the Ni Watt bath and theroughness of the composite were increased. The Ni-C composite with more than 21.6at.% C content did not show uniformlydispersed carbon. It also displayed micro-sized defects such as cracks and crevices, which result in pitting or crevice corrosion.The corrosion resistance of the Ni-C composite in sulfuric acid is similar with that of pure Ni. Electrochemical test results suchas passivation were not satisfactory; however, the Ni-C composite still displayed less than 10−4A/cm2 passivation currentdensity. Passivation by an anodizing technique could yield better corrosion resistance in the Ni-C composite, approaching thatof pure Ni plating. Surface resistivity of pure Ni after passivation was increased by about 8% compared to pure Ni. On theother hand, the surface resistivity of the Ni-C composite with 13at.% C content was increased by only 1%. It can be confirmedthat the metal plate electrodeposited Ni-C composite can be applied as a bipolar plate for fuel cells and redox flow batteries.

As the performance of microelectronic devices is improved, the use of copper as a heat dissipation member is increasing due to its good thermal conductivity. The high thermal conductivity of copper, however, leads to difficulties in the joining process. Satisfactory bonding with copper is known to be difficult, especially if high shear and peel strengths are desired. The primary reason is that a copper oxide layer develops rapidly and is weakly attached to the base metal under typical conditions. Thus, when a clean copper substrate is bonded, the initial strength of the joint is high, but upon environmental exposure, an oxide layer may develop, which will reduce the durability of the joint. In this study, an epoxy adhesive formulation was investigated to improve the strength and reliability of a copper to copper joint. Epoxy hardeners such as anhydride, dihydrazide, and dicyandiamide and catalysts such as triphenylphosphine and imidazole were added to an epoxy resin mixture of DGEBA and DGEBF. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses revealed that the curing temperatures were dependent on the type of hardener rather than on the catalyst, and higher heat of curing resulted in a higher Tg. The reliability of the copper joint against a high temperature and high humidity environment was found to be the lowest in the case of dihydrazide addition. This is attributed to its high water permeability, which led to the formation of a weak boundary layer of copper oxide. It was also found that dicyandiamide provided the highest initial joint strength and reliability while anhydride yielded intermediate performance between dicyandiamide and dihydrazide.

Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials have been widely studied for industrial applications, such assensors and temperature compensation devices. NTC thermistor thick films of Ni1+xMn2-xO4+δ (x=0.05, 0, −0.05) werefabricated on a glass substrate using the aerosol deposition method at room temperature. Resistance verse temperature (R-T)characteristics of the as-deposited films showed that the B constant ranged from 3900 to 4200 K between 25oC and 85oCwithout heat treatment. When the film was annealed at 600oC 1h, the resistivity of the film gradually decreased due tocrystallization and grain growth. The resistivity and the activation energy of films annealed at 600oC for 1 h were 5.203, 5.95,and 4.772KΩ·cm and 351, 326, and 299meV for Ni0.95Mn2.05O4+δ, NiMn2O4, and Ni1.05Mn1.95O4+δ, respectively. The annealingprocess induced insulating Mn2O3 in the Ni deficient Ni0.95Mn2.05O4+δ composition resulting in large resistivity and activationenergy. Meanwhile, excess Ni in Ni1.05Mn1.95O4+δ suppressed the abnormal grain growth and changed Mn3+ to Mn4+, givinglower resistivity and activation energy.

Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on a patterned n-type GaN substrate (PNS) with 200 nm silicon-di-oxide (SiO2) nano pattern diameter to improve the light output efficiency of the diodes. Wet etched self assembled indium tin oxide (ITO) nano clusters serve as a dry etching mask for converting the SiO2 layer grown on the n-GaN template into SiO2 nano patterns by inductively coupled plasma etching. PNS is obtained by n-GaN regrowth on the SiO2 nano patterns and UV-LEDs were fabricated using PNS as a template. Two UV-LEDs, a reference LED without PNS and a 200 nm PNS UV-LEDs were fabricated. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) and Light output intensity- Input current- Voltage (L-I-V) characteristics were used to evaluate the ITO-SiO2 nanopattern surface morphology, threading dislocation propagation, PNS crystalline property, PNS optical property and UVLED device performance respectively. The light out put intensity was enhanced by 1.6times@100mA for the LED grown on PNS compared to the reference LED with out PNS.

Due to their novel properties, GaN based semiconductors and their nanostructures are promising components in a wide range of nanoscale device applications. In this work, the gallium nitride is deposited on c-axis oriented sapphire and porous SWCNT substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using a novel single source precursor of Me2Ga(N3)NH2C(CH3)3 with ammonia as an additional source of nitrogen. The advantage of using a single molecular precursor is possible deposition at low substrate temperature with good crystal quality. The deposition is carried out in a substrate temperature range of 600-750˚C. The microstructural, structural, and optical properties of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. The results show that substrate oriented columnar-like morphology is obtained on the sapphire substrate while sword-like GaN nanorods are obtained on porous SWCNT substrates with rough facets. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the deposited GaN were influenced significantly by deposition temperature and the nature of the substrate used. The growth mechanism of GaN on sapphire as well as porous SWCNT substrates is discussed briefly.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of cross-roll rolled pure copper sheets, and the results were compared with those obtained for conventionally rolled sheets. For this work, pure copper (99.99 mass%) sheets with thickness of 5 mm were prepared as the starting material. The sheets were cold rolled to 90% thickness reduction and subsequently annealed at 400˚C for 30 min. Also, to analyze the grain boundary character distributions (GBCDs) on the materials, the electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique was introduced. The resulting cold-rolled and annealed sheets had considerably finer grains than the initial sheets with an average size of 100 μM. In particular, the average grain size became smaller by cross-roll rolling (6.5 μM) than by conventional rolling (9.8 μM). These grain refinements directly led to enhanced mechanical properties such as Vickers micro-hardness and tensile strength, and thus the values showed greater increases upon cross-roll rolling process than after conventional rolling. Furthermore, the texture development of<112>//ND in the cross-roll rolling processed material provided greater enhancement of mechanical properties relative to the case of the conventional rolling processed material. In the present study, we systematically discuss the enhancement of mechanical properties in terms of grain refinement and texture distribution developed by the different rolling processes.

This paper has relatively high technical standard and experimental skill. The fabrication of TCO film with hightransparency, low resistance and low chromaticity require exact control of several competing factors. This paper has resolvedthese problems reasonably well, thus recommended for publication. Indium tin oxide(ITO) thin films were by D.C. magnetronroll-to-roll sputter system utilizing ITO and SiO2 targets of ITO and SiO2. In this experiment, the effect of D.C. power, windingspeed, and oxygen flow rate on electrical and optical properties of ITO thin films were investigated from the view point ofsheet resistance, transmittance, and chromaticity(b*). The deposition of SiO2 was performed with RF power of 400W, Ar gasof 50sccm and the deposition of ITO, DC power of 600W, Ar gas of 50sccm, O2 gas of 0.2sccm, and winding speed of 0.56m/min. High quality ITO thin films without SiO2 layer had chromaticity of 2.87, sheet resistivity of 400ohm/square, and trans-mittance of 88% and SiO2-doped ITO Thin film with chromaticity of 2.01, sheet resistivity of 709ohm/square, and transmittanceof more than 90% were obtained. As a result, SiO2 was coated on PET before deposition of ITO, their chromaticity(b*) andtransmittance were better than previous results of ITO films. These results show that coating of SiO2 induced arisingchromaticity(b*) and transmittance. If the thickness of SiO2 is controlled, sheet resistance value of ITO film will be expected tobe better for touch screen. A four point probe and spectrophotometer are used to investigate the properties of ITO thin films.

We have synthesized bluish-green, highly-efficient BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ and (Ba,Sr)Si2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphors through aconventional solid state reaction method using metal carbonate, Si3N4, and Eu2O3 as raw materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD)pattern of these phosphors revealed that a BaSi2O2N2 single phase was obtained. The excitation and emission spectra showedtypical broadband excitation and emission resulting from the 5d to 4f transition of Eu2+. These phosphors absorb blue light ataround 450nm and emit bluish-green luminescence, with a peak wavelength at around 495 nm. From the results of anexperiment involving Eu concentration quenching, the relative PL intensity was reduced dramatically for Eu=0.033. A smallsubstitution of Sr in place of Ba increased the relative emission intensity of the phosphor. We prepared several white LEDsthrough a combination of BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+, YAG:Ce3+, and silicone resin with a blue InGaN-based LED. In the case of onlythe YAG:Ce3+-converted LED, the color rendering index was 73.4 and the efficiency was 127lm/W. In contrast, in theYAG:Ce3+ and BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+-converted LED, two distinct emission bands from InGaN (450nm) and the two phosphors (475-750nm) are observed, and combine to give a spectrum that appears white to the naked eye. The range of the color renderingindex and the efficiency were 79.7-81.2 and 117-128 lm/W, respectively. The increased values of the color rendering indexindicate that the two phosphor-converted LEDs have improved bluish-green emission compared to the YAG:Ce-converted LED.As such, the BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor is applicable to white high-rendered LEDs for solid state lighting.

To reduce manufacturing costs of crystalline silicon solar cells, silicon wafers have become thinner. In relation to this, the properties of the aluminium-back surface field (Al-BSF) are considered an important factor in solar cell performance. Generally, screen-printing and a rapid thermal process (RTP) are utilized together to form the Al-BSF. This study evaluates Al-BSF formation on a (111) textured back surface compared with a (100) flat back surface with variation of ramp up rates from 18 to 89˚C/s for the RTP annealing conditions. To make different back surface morphologies, one side texturing using a silicon nitride film and double side texturing were carried out. After aluminium screen-printing, Al-BSF formed according to the RTP annealing conditions. A metal etching process in hydrochloric acid solution was carried out to assess the quality of Al-BSF. Saturation currents were calculated by using quasi-steady-state photoconductance. The surface morphologies observed by scanning electron microscopy and a non-contacting optical profiler. Also, sheet resistances and bulk carrier concentration were measured by a 4-point probe and hall measurement system. From the results, a faster ramp up during Al-BSF formation yielded better quality than a slower ramp up process due to temperature uniformity of silicon and the aluminium surface. Also, in the Al-BSF formation process, the (111) textured back surface is significantly affected by the ramp up rates compared with the (100) flat back surface.

이 논문은 아이돌 가수 소속 기획사 담당자 및 대중음악 작사가, 전직 아이돌 가 수를 포함한 대중음악 생산자들과의 심층 인터뷰를 통해 한국의 대중음악과 연예 산업 전반에서 두드러지게 나타나고 있는 아이돌 편중현상과 그 원인을 분석한다. 연구 결과 한국 대중음악의 아이돌 편중에는 세 가지의 주요인이 작용하고 있음을 밝혀냈다. 첫째, 디지털 기술의 발달로 인해 대중음악 시장이 듣는 음악 시장에서 보는 음악 시장으로 변화하였고, 이로 인해 화려한 퍼포먼스와 풍부한 볼거리를 제 공하는 아이돌 그룹이 선호되기 시작했다. 음악의 주요 시장이 오프라인에서 온라 인으로 바뀌면서 온라인을 가장 자유롭게 이용하는 청소년과 20대가 가장 중요한 음악 소비자로 인식되면서, 이들이 가장 선호하는 비슷한 또래의 아이돌 그룹이 인 기를 누리게 되고 다른 세대들이 선호하는 음악은 설 자리를 잃게 되었다. 둘째, 리스크가 높은 연예사업의 특성상 대규모의 자본력을 갖춘 소수의 대형 기 획사에서 거의 독점적으로 아이돌 가수 양성을 전담하는 구조가 형성되었고 이로 인해 대형 기획사와 방송사간에 카르텔이 형성되었다. 방송사가 가장 인기 있는 소 수의 기획사 소속 아이돌 가수들을 각종 프로그램에 섭외하기 위해 가요프로그램 에 주요 기획사 출신의 아이돌을 대거 출연시킬 수밖에 없고 이는 방송의 전 연역 에 걸친 아이돌 편중현상을 심화시킨다. 마지막으로, 가수로만 활동하는 아이돌은 상업적 가치가 떨어지므로 연예기획사는 아이돌을 만능 엔터테이너로 트레이닝 시키고 활용시키는데, 이는 기획사의 수익을 극대화 할 수 있는 방안이자 아이돌 편중현상의 중요한 요인으로 작용한다.

이 논문에서는 공연 컨셉의 연구자별 연구를 통하여 공연과 컨셉의 개념을 정립 한 후, 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 공연 컨셉의 차이 분석에 관한 연구를 하였다. 결과를 요약해보면 통계분석을 실시한 결과 선행연구를 토대로 설정한 가설은 대 체로 입증되었으며, 공연컨셉의 인식도 차이는 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 공연 컨셉의 설정의 일반적 특성은 즉흥적 인 면이 있다는 문제제기에 대한 분석결과 5점 척도 중 2.80으로 나타나 유의한 결 과를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 향후 후속 연구의 필요성이 제기되며, 논문의 연구 결 과가 학문분야는 물론 현업에서의 발전적 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

본 연구는 국내 시사잡지가 인용(quotation)과 이미지를 뉴스보도에 어떻게 활 용하고 있는지를 내용분석방식을 이용해 살펴보았다. 아울러, 인용과 이미지가 기 사의 전체적인 방향과는 어떤 관계속에서 활용되고 있는지를 탐색하였다. 국내에 서 발행되는 주간 시사잡지 4개를 선정하여 분석한 결과, 기사당 평균 7.6개의 인용이 사용되었으며, 인용은 기사의 약 ⅓을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 인 용에 나타난 취재원의 유형은 공무원 정부기관이 가장 많았으며, 일반 개인, 정치 ·정당인, 기업인 등의 순서로 나타났다. 심층성을 강조하는 시사잡지임에도 불구 하고, 전문가의 인용은 상대적으로 많지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 취재원 3명 중 1 명(32%)은 익명취재원이었다. 국내 시사잡지들은 전반적으로 기사의 논조와 불일 치하는 인용보다 일치하는 인용을 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 파악되었다. 특히, 사 회적으로 논쟁을 불러일으킬 수 있는 이슈를 다루는 기사도 기사의 논조와 일치 하는 인용을 3배 가까이 많이 사용하였다. 따라서 인용의 사용에서 형식적인 불 균형이 발생하고 있었다. 실명 인용은 68.1%이었으며, 익명인용은 31.9%로 나타 났다. 하지만 부정적 기사에서는 실명 인용보다는 익명 인용의 비중이 높았다. 이 미지는 기사당 평균 3.05개가 사용되었으며, 사용된 이미지의 약 77%가 보도사 진이었다. 기사의 논조와 일치하는 이미지가 가장 많이 사용되었으며, 기사의 논 조와 불일치하는 이미지는 1%미만으로 거의 사용되지 않았다. 전체적으로 인용과 이미지의 불균형적 사용을 통한 불공정성이 시사잡지에서 나타난다고 볼 수 있다.