This paper presents experimental results for evaluating bond strength of FRP Hybrid Bars(HYB). In order to confirm the bond strength of HYB, direct bond strength tests were performed on 20 specimens. 20 specimens made of deformed steel bars were also tested for relative comparison. HYB and deformed steel bars were embedded in a concrete block with a size of 200 mm and different attachment lengths were applied depending on the diameter of the reinforcing bars. During the test, load and relative displacement(slip) were measured and the load-displacement behaviors of all specimens were analyzed from the measured results. The maximum bond strength of deformed steel bars were higher than that of HYB regardless of its diameter. However, after the maximum load, the deformed steel bars were more dominant than the HYB in the sudden load reduction tendency.

The purpose of this study was to develop a carbon fiber sheet with embedded fiber optic sensor for maintenance and performance improvement of aged concrete bridges. The carbon fiber sheet reinforcement method can separate the concrete and the carbon fiber sheet, so it is necessary to investigate the bond performance level. However, separation of concrete and carbon fiber sheet and investigation of concrete scaling phenomenon are carried out by human, so it is difficult to secure objectivity and accurate investigation. Therefore, in this study, a method to confirm the bond level of carbon fiber sheet by reinforcing with a carbon fiber sheet with a fiber optic sensor was examined. In this study, we investigated the strain of fiber optic sensor embedded in carbon fiber sheet to identify the separate point of carbon fiber sheet. The strain measured by fiber optic sensor was measured by numerical analysis. The strain rate of the carbon fiber sheet was compared with that of the carbon fiber sheet. As a result, it was confirmed that the strain was changed at the point where the carbon fiber sheet was separated, and the strain occurred in the carbon fiber sheet was examined to predict the separate point.

The purpose of this study is to develop a carbon fiber sheet with embedded fiber optic sensor for maintenance and performance improvement of aged concrete bridges. The carbon fiber sheet bonded method has many advantages in terms of member repair and reinforcement, but it is disadvantageous in that it is necessary to directly identify the separate point generated during the bonded of the carbon fiber sheets by an artificial method. In this study, we examined the method of confirming the separate point of the carbon fiber sheets by examining the strain of the fiber optic sensor embedded in the carbon fiber sheets. The strain rate measured by the fiber optic sensor was replaced by the strain of the carbon fiber sheets derived from the FEM analysis.

In this study, tensile stresses of partially delaminated CFRP sheets were analytically evaluated. The analytical model is a 15-m long concrete beam with a rectangular cross-section of 2×3 m and uses 480 2D-plate elements and 5760 3D-solid elements for mesh construction. The elastic modulus of concrete and CFRP sheet used in the analysis are 27,536 MPa and 200,000 MPa, respectively, and the compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of CFRP sheet are 30.0 MPa and 4,000 MPa, respectively. In order to evaluate the change of the tensile stress due to the delamination of the CFRP sheet, the whole attached model and the partially delaminated model according to the position of delamination were considered. As a result of the finite element analysis, the tensile stress of the entire attached CFRP sheet showed a constant tensile stress on the whole cross section, and the tensile stress of the partially delaminated CFRP sheet showed the maximum tensile stress on the position of delamination. Based on the results of this study, future research will be carried out to optimize the layout and shape of CFRP sheets embedded with optical fiber sensors.

In this study, the long-term performance of FRP Hybrid Bar made by hybridizing FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) with ordinary reinforcing steel bars was experimentally examined as a part of the development of alternative materials for RC (reinforced concrete) structures especially located in marine or harbor areas. In order to evaluate the field exposure of the FRP Hybrid Bar, the specimen was prepared and the corrosion behavior was evaluated by letting the specimen exposed to the field conditions in the west coast of South Korea. The purpose of this study is to provide important data as a material countermeasure to reduce corrosion of reinforcing steel in future marine port concrete structures based on the results obtained through this study.

This paper presents experimental and analytical results for predicting tensile behavior of FRP Hybrid Bar(HYB). In order to confirm the tensile behavior of HYB wrapped with glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) on deformed rebar, direct tensile tests were performed on 8 specimens. The diameter of the HYB was considered as a test variable and the tensile load, displacement, and tensile strain of each specimen were measured by tensile test. In order to predict the tensile behavior of HYB, numerical analysis based on tensile model of each material was performed. The tensile models of reinforcing bar, glass fiber, and resin, which are the constituent materials of HYB, are assumed to be simple shapes according to their material properties. The results of the numerical analysis through the strain compliance condition of each material were compared with the experimental results and both results showed consistent trends. The experimental and analytical ratios for yield and ultimate loads were 1.02 and 1.00, respectively, and the coefficient of variation were 3.61 and 2.54, respectively. However, a maximum of about 9 mm error occurred due to the slip generated by the direct tensile test in the comparison between the experimental results and the analytical results for the tensile displacement.

역량 중심 교육과정에서는 그 어느 때보다도 교사의 전문성과 학습성이 요구된다. 본 연구는 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 한문과 유가경전 텍스트의 핵심역량 함양 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 이 를 위해 유가경전에서 핵심 역량을 선정하고, 교과서에서의 진술 방안을 논의하고, 유가경전에서 핵심역량을 함양하는 방법을 제시하였다. 학생들은 유가경전 수업에서 ‘자기 관리 및 계발 역량’이 가장 잘 길러진 것으로 드러났다. 또한 유가경전 수업 이후 학생들이 느끼는 감정은 부정의 감정 상태에서 긍정의 감정 상태로 변화하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 유가 경전을 유가경전으로 모두 수정함. 유가경전 학습을 통해 핵심역량을 함양하기 위해서는 먼저, 교사가 유가경전 학습에 대한 내용의 전문성, 교수ꞏ학습의 전문성, 평가의 전문성을 길러야한다. 또한 단편 지식을 암기하는 교육이 아니 라, 유가경전 학습을 통하여 새로운 상황과 맥락 속에서 선택, 조절, 조합, 통합하는 메타인지와 문 제해결 능력을 기르고 새로운 가치를 생성할 수 있는 수행 능력을 신장시켜 주어야 한다. 이를 위해 교사의 역량이 지속적으로 제고될 수 있도록 소규모의 참여형 교사 연수가 필요하다고 판단된다. 유가경전 핵심역량 강화를 위한 장기적 과제로는 학습자들의 학습 부담을 줄이기 위한 중ꞏ고등학교 한문 학습용 유가경전 텍스트의 표준화와 유가경전에서의 역량 세부 지표를 제작하는 것 등이 있겠다.

ber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure have been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars are commercially available. However, major shortcoming of the existing FRP bars is low elastic modulus compared to conventional steel bars. Because of these reasons, FRP Hybrid Bar which have the concept of material hybridization(synthetic resins, deformed bar, glass fiber etc) for concrete structures have been developed. One of main features of this bar is corrosion resistance and this is important to confirm this anti-corrosion capacity of FRP Hybrid Bar. In this study, galvanic corrosion current behavior of 3 types of specimens, including two types of FRP Hybrid Bars and one conventional steel rebar, was investigated under the 0%, 1.5%, 3% and 6% salt water ratio condition. The result of this study can be used to evaluate the applicability of FRP Hybrid Bar to concrete structures.

GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. In this study, the various rib and pitch distance of hybrid fiber GFRP bars were evaluated by experimental method. From the test result, thirty two types of FRP hybrid bars such as spiral type with the dimension of rib geometry were fabricated. To evaluate the bond properties of them, direct pull-out test was performed. All testing procedures including specimen preparation, set-up of test equipment and measuring devices were made in accordance with the recommendations of ASTM D 7913. From the test results, it was found that cross type hybrid GFRP reinforcing bars showed the highest bond strength than that of the others due to the higher relative rib area.

HYB(FRP Hybrid Bar) is composite structural material that combines reinforced bar and FRP. HYB has high elastic modulus and after-yield-hardening properties, despite its corrosion resistance and light weight. HYB under development has relatively stable corrosion durability. This study performs fundamental experiments for the long period UV exposed HYB, and carries out pull-out test for the freezing-thawing exposed specimens of ordinary reinforced bar, HYB, and UV exposed HYB. The effect of UV exposure and freezing-thawing did not affect the tensile property and strength of HYB. However, the bond strength reduction on the environment of accelerated corrosion should be considered in further study.

Tensile strength was investigated for hybrid bar (HYB), in this study. HYB is made of both steel reinforcement and glass fiber. Cross section of HYB has a shape in which steel reinforcement wrapped with glass fiber. For the production of HYB, rebar of SD400 class and glass fiber of E class are used as main materials. Vinyl ester resin is used to harden a glass fiber. In order to evaluate for tensile strength of HYB, the direct tensile test was performed about total ten specimens. The length of total specimens is 2,200 mm including the grip. Diameter of HYB according to core diameter was considered as a test variable. Direct tensile test for HYB was performed using a UTM with a capacity of maximum 1,000 kN. Tensile strength and strain were measured for each specimen during the test. From the test results, tensile strength and elastic modulus were 317 ~ 341 MPa, 103 ~ 107 GPa, respectively. Especially, elastic modulus of HYB was improved in comparison with usual GFRP bars such as the Aslan 100 or the V-rod.

During the last two decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure have been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars are commercially available. However, major shortcomings of the existing FRP bars are its high initial cost and low elastic modulus compared to conventional steel bars. Because of these reasons, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) in Korea has developed the FRP Hybrid Bar which have the concept of material hybridization for concrete structures, especially for marine and waterfront concrete structures. This developed bar is new type material in construction field, verification of long term performance is very important for commercialization. In this paper, verification methodology on long term performance(corrosion, flexural behavior etc) of FRP Hybrid Bar is suggested.

The objective of this study is to find the optimal cooking condition of rice for the cold chain as home meal replace-ment (HMR) products. Two types of rice varieties were cooked either on an electric rice cooker (ERC) or a super-heated steamer (SHS) with different concentrations of beef bone broth added before cooking. Cooked rice wasstored at 5oC for 3 days and the quality was analyzed by moisture content, color, reducing sugar content, textureprofile, and sensory evaluation. The results indicate that retrogradation of cooked rice prepared using SHS can bereduced during cold storage by the addition of beef bone broth. Also, the addition of more than 40% of beef bonebroth caused a deterioration in the quality of the cooked rice, and it appears that the addition of 10-20% of bonebroth is optimal for the overall quality of the cooked rice during cold storage.

본 연구는 漢文敎育 方法論에 대한 內容으로 協同學習의 여러 模型 중 Jigsaw 模型 授業에 관한 것이다. 中․高等學校 漢文科 授業에서 學生들의 授業 興味度는 매우 낮은 편이기 때문에 敎師 中心의 直接 敎授法으로는 漢文 學習의 興味 誘發 및 學業成就에는 限界가 있다. 協同 學習은 學習 目標 達成을 위하여 학생들이 소집단을 구성하여 相互 協力하는 授業이다. 학생들은 協同學習 과정을 통하여 相互 協力하는 社會性과 參與를 통한 自尊感을 기르며 高次元的 思考에 接近한다. 이러한 協同學習은 學業成就度를 높일 뿐만 아니라 정의적 태도와 人性의 涵養에도 肯定的 影響을 미친다는 것이 支配的인 觀點이다.協同學習을 適用하는 方法에는 학생들이 授業의 장면에서 단순하게 문제를 해결하기 위해 協力하는 方法과 協同學習 模型 중 하나의 模型을 中心으로 진행하는 방법과 여러 가지 協同學習模型을 混合하여 使用하는 方法 등이 있다. 이 중 Jigsaw 模型 授業은 敎師-學生의 관계보다는 學生-學生의 協力과 支持를 통해 배움이 일어나도록 설계된 模型으로 모든 학생이 授業의 場面에 參與하고 自身이 맡은 專門家 活動 영역에 책무성을 가지는 授業 模型으로 授業에서 興味와 參與가 낮은 학생들에게 가장 適切한 模型이라 할 수 있다. Jigsaw 模型 授業은 實行 方法에 따라 JigsawⅠ, JigsawⅡ, JigsawⅢ, JigsawⅣ로 나눌 수 있으며, 漢文 授業에서 이 모든 模型을 適用할 수 있다.Jigsaw 模型 授業은 學習者가 쉽고 재미있게 學習할 수 있으며 다양한 學習者의 水準을 考慮한 模型으로 漢文과 授業에 대한 학생들의 낮은 興味度, 評價 및 보상의 미약성, 낮은 성취도 등에 대한 代案的 方法의 하나가 될 것이다. 또한 人性 强化 및 學生 參與度가 높은 授業으로 學習者의 責務性을 强調하여 漢文科 授業 전반에 걸쳐서 體系的으로 適用할 수 있는 授業 模型이다. 이러한 Jigsaw 模型 授業의 大體的인 節次는 ‘집단 구성→개인적 전문과제 부과→전문과제별 모임 및 전문가집단에서의 협동학습→원소속 집단에서의 협동학습→평가 및 보상’의 순서로 진행된다. 高等學校 2학년을 대상으로 실시한 實際的인 Jigsaw 模型 授業에서 학생들의 肯定的인 評價도 있었지만, 學習 態度의 산만함, 원활하지 않은 討論과 意思疏通 등의 과제를 남겼다. Jigsaw 模型 授業을 學校 現場에서 活性化하기 위해서는 漢文科 授業에서 修行評價의 擴大, 敎師 硏修 機會 擴大를 통한 敎授․學習 力量 强化 및 授業 컨설팅 실시 등과 學習者에 대한 폭넓은 理解가 要求된다.

In this study the effect of rice type and cooking methods on the quality of cooked rice during cold storage wereinvestigated to develop home meal replacement (HMR) products. The chemical and physical properties and sensoryquality of rice were studied by rice type (Oh-dae-mi, Baek-jin-ju S., and Indica) and cooking methods (electric ricecooker and super heated steamer). Cooked rice was stored at 5oC for 3 days and the moisture content, color, reduc-ing sugar content, texture profile, and sensory evaluation were analyzed. The results show that rice type Baek-jin-ju S. has the highest moisture content and that color and textural properties are maintained during storage. Ricecooked with an electric rice cooker has higher moisture content and better color properties; however, rice cookedwith a super heated steamer shows higher reduced sugar content with a softer texture. The selection of Baek-jin-juS. and cooking with a super heated steamer have a positive effect on the quality of rice during cold storage.

In this study, the air pollutant removal such as sulfur oxides was studied. A combination of the plasma discharge in the reactor by the reaction surface discharge reactor Calcium hydroxides catalytic reactor and air pollutants, hazardous gas SOx, changes in gas concentration, change in frequency, the thickness of the electrode, kinds of electrodes and the addition of simulated composite catalyst composed of a variety of gases, including decomposition experiments were performed by varying the process parameters. The experimental results showed the removal efficiency of 98% in the decomposition of sulfur oxides removal experiment when Calcium hydroxides catalysts and the tungsten(W) electrodes were used. It was increased 3% more than if you do not have the catalytic. If added to methane gas was added the removal efficiency increased decomposition.

광펄스 기술은 광범위한 파장의 강한 빛을 짧은 시간동안 조사하여 미생물을 사멸시킴으로서 식품을 살균하는 새로운 비가열 살균 기술로서 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 막걸리를 회분식 방법으로 광펄스 처리하여 살균 효과를 살펴보고, 저장 중의 품질 변화에 대하여 살펴보았다. 광펄스 처리 후 막걸리는 처리하지 않은 막걸리에 비해 2 log cycle 정도의 생균수의 감소를 보였으며, 균수는 1.8-2.7×104 CFU/mL 정도였다. 저장 기간 중 생균수는 4oC에서는 처리구와 무처리구 모두 효모, 세균 및 젖산균의 수가 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 저장 후 4주간 큰 변화가 없었다. 그러나 30oC에서는 광펄스 처리하지 않은 막걸리의 경우 106정도 수준에서 7일간 일정하게 유지되었으며, 처리구는 2일 정도 후에 무처리구와 비슷한 생균수를 나타내었다. 저장기간 중 품질 변화를 보면 pH는 저장 온도와 상관없이 무처리구와 처리구 모두 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 적정산도는 4oC에서는 일정하게 유지가 되었으나 30oC에서는 무처리구의 경우 2일 후부터 급격한 증가를 보였지만 처리한 시료의 경우에는 저장 6일 후까지 큰 증가를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 환원당의 경우에는 저장 온도에 따라 차이는 있으나 처리구와 무처리구 모두 저장기간동안 지속적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 막걸리를 적절한 조건으로 광펄스 처리하였을 경우 품질변화를 최소화하고 생균수와 적정산도의 증가를 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

해안방제지원시스템은 방제정보 데이터베이스, GIS1) 데이터베이스 등을 기반으로 하여 오염사고별 오염상황 및 자원 모니터링, 통계 관리, 상황관리 등을 체계적으로 지원하는 시스템이다. 허베이스피리트호 오염사고 시 지자체의 해안방제능력이 문제점으로 지적됨에 따라 방 제총괄 책임기관인 해양경찰청에서 지자체의 부족한 해안방제기술을 지원하기 위하여 방제 선진국에서 운용중인 시스템을 벤치마킹하여 우리 나라 실정에 맞게 개발하고 있다. 시스템은 2011년에서 2013년까지 3년에 걸쳐 개발될 예정이며 시스템 개발이 완료되게 되면 오염사고별 오 염상황 및 자원 모니터링, 통계관리, 상황관리 등을 하나의 통합된 시스템을 통해 방제조치기관 간의 방제정보를 공유하게 되어 해안방제의 실 행력을 높일 수 있으며 해양환경과 경제적 가치를 고려한 효율적인 방제조치를 실시할 수 있어 방제방법 선택과 방제종료기준 선정을 두고 이 해당사자간의 소모적인 논쟁을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.