This study was conducted to evaluate the food habits and nutrient intake of preschool children by investigating their food and snack consumption. To accomplish this, a food habit questionnaire and dietary intake survey was administered to 148 children between 2 and 6 years of age (average 4.8 years). According to the Kaup index, the underweight, normal, overweight and obesity levels of the subjects were 4.7, 60.1, 26.4, and 8.8%, respectively. In addition, the total energy intake met the EAR (1433.94±369.70kcal), whereas the protein, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B and vitamin C levels exceeded the EAR and the RI. Furthermore, the nutrient intake profile revealed that the mean caloric value of breakfasts consumed by preschool children in Daegu (403 kcal) was significantly (p〈0.001) higher than that of preschool children in the Gyeongbuk area (271 kcal). Additionally, preschool children in Daegu (382.96±255.79kcal) usually consumed significantly (p〈0.01) less food than those in the Gyeongbuk area (413.82±275.43kcal). The preferred snacks among subjects (in descending order) were milk, bread, fruit, potato or sweet potato and cookies. The mean score of the Food Habit was 3.72±0.35 out of 5, although the score of preschool children in Daegu (3.77±0.32) was significantly (p〈0.05) higher than that of children in the Gyeongbuk area (3.65±0.32). Taken together, these results indicate that there were significant differences in the Food Habit and nutrient intake level of children in Daegu and the Gyeongbuk area. Therefore, parents and caregivers should be aware of the importance of the nutritional status of preschool children and choose healthy snacks for them.

This study is focused on the antimicrobial activity of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa by the reduction and oxidation reaction of copper and zinc alloy metal fiber filter. Cu/Zn ion is easily makes radicals with molecular hydroperoxide. Especially, hydroperoxide radical shows strong toxicity to the strains. Plasma membrane causes conformational change when hydroperoxide radical binds to plasma membrane. Elution of copper ion from copper and zinc alloy metal fiber is detected in the cyanobacteria solution as 0.5 ppm, and that of zinc ion is 0 ppm respectively. Zinc ion is figured to form a hydroxide in the cyanobacteria solution and precipitated to form a sludge. The concentration of chlorophyll-a in the cyanobacteria solution was proved to be the index of antimicrobial level of Microcystis aeruginosa.

최근의 건물의 동향을 보면 아름다움을 강조하여 비틀리고, 경사지고, 테이퍼형태를 가지고 있다. 이러한 건물에 대응하는 구조시스템으로 대형 대각가새 구조시스템이 등장하였다. 이 구조시스템은 건축적인 요구사항을 만족하면서 구조물량 절감의 가능성이 있지만 다수의 부재가 만나는 접합부에 대한 구조성능 평가가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 H형 단면을 이용한 대형 대각가새 구조시스템의 접합부에 대한 단조가력 실험을 수행하였으며 하중 및 변형능력을 평가하였다. 주요 변수로는 부위별로 용접방법 및 웨브의 이음길이를 적용하였다. 실험결과 완전용입용접에 대하여 국부적으로 부분용입용접을 사용한 경우와 비교해 보면 구조성능에는 차이가 없었고, 웨브의 중첩길이는 웨브사이 이격거리에 100%에 해당하는 길이가 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 한반도 남동부의 의성분지 내에 위치하는 화산칼데라 지역을 대상으로 지구물리학적 연구를 수행하였다. 기존 연구들의 한계를 극복하기 위해 원격탐사를 통한 전체적인 구조 특성을 분석한 후에 정밀한 3차원 포텐셜 해석을 수행하는 기법을 적용하였다. 첫 번째 단계로, 수치지질도 및 DEM 자료와 인공위성 영상을 이용하여 대상 지역의 선구조를 분석하였다. 선구조 분석 결과는 선행 연구결과와 상당히 잘 부합되었고, 남-북 방향과 남동-북서방향이 가장 우세함을 보여주었다. 두 번째 단계로, 선구조 분석 결과를 고려하여 의성분지 전체 지역에서 조밀한 중력탐사 자료를 획득하였고 항공자력탐사 자료와의 복합 해석을 통해 광역적인 칼데라의 구조를 조사하였다. 파워 스펙트럼 기법을 이용한 분석 결과, 의성 분지 하부는 개략적으로 2개의 밀도 불연속면 이 존재하는 것으로 해석되었다. 첫 번째 불연속면의 심도는 약 1 km로 칼데라 지역 내에 존재하는 화산쇄설성 퇴적암의 심도나 화산칼데라의 ring vent 위치에서 관입하고 있는 관입암의 심도로 판단되며, 두 번째 심도는 약 3-5 km로 분지기반암의 심도와 관련 있는 것으로 추정된다. 또한 3차원 중력역산을 실시한 결과 남서쪽의 백악기 팔공산 화강암과 북동쪽의 불국사 관입암류에 의한 저밀도체가 나타나고, 화산칼데라 중앙부 부근에는 화산쇄설성 퇴적암류 또는 칼데라 형성 과정에서 침강된 상부의 퇴적층으로 해석된 퇴적층이 주변보다 낮은 밀도를 가지며 하부로 약 1.5 km까지 연장되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 포텐셜 자료는 그 특성상 수직 분해능이 양호하지 못하므로, 수직적인 발달 특성을 갖는 칼데라의 구조를 정확히 파악하기는 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 이런 한계점을 극복하기 위해서 동일 지역에서 이루어졌던 자기지전류 탐사 결과와 비교 분석하여 효과적인 해석을 수행하였다.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a group self exercise program in improving the quality of life regarding depression and the activities of daily living (ADL) of chronic stroke survivors, as well as the motor functions such as the 3 meter round walk, upper extremity function, and static balance. The subjects were 12 post-stroke ambulatory community center participants. All subjects participated in one 90 minute session per week for 7 weeks and received a home exercise program in every session. They had to record and submit an exercise check list. Quality of life was measured with the Beck depression inventory and the 8-Item Short-Form (SF-8). Motor functions were measured with the manual function test (MF'T), the kinesthetic ability trainer (KAT 3000), and the modified Barthel index. The level of depression decreased somewhat, but there were no significant differences after intervention. However, quality of life related health (SF-8) improved significant1y. There were significant improvements in the time for the 3 meter round walk, the functions of the affected upper extremities, and static balance and ADL (p<.05). The findings of this study suggest that a group self exercise program can improve quality of life related health and motor functions in stroke survivors.

Microstructural evolution and the intermetallic compound (IMC) growth kinetics in an Au stud bump were studied via isothermal aging at 120, 150, and 180˚C for 300hrs. The AlAu4 phase was observed in an Al pad/Au stud interface, and its thickness was kept constant during the aging treatment. AuSn, AuSn2, and AuSn4 phases formed at interface between the Au stud and Sn. AuSn2, AuSn2/AuSn4, and AuSn phases dominantly grew as the aging time increased at 120˚C, 150˚C, and 180˚C, respectively, while (Au,Cu)6Sn5/Cu3Sn phases formed at Sn/Cu interface with a negligible growth rate. Kirkendall voids formed at AlAu4/Au, Au/Au-Sn IMC, and Cu3Sn/Cu interfaces and propagated continuously as the time increased. The apparent activation energy for the overall growth of the Au-Sn IMC was estimated to be 1.04 eV.

We investigated dry etching of acrylic (PMMA) in O2/N2 plasmas using a multi-layers electrode reactive ion etching (RIE) system. The multi-layers electrode RIE system had an electrode (or a chuck) consisted of 4 individual layers in a series. The diameter of the electrodes was 150 mm. The etch process parameters we studied were both applied RIE chuck power on the electrodes and % O2 composition in the N2/O2 plasma mixtures. In details, the RIE chuck power was changed from 75 to 200 W.% O2 in the plasmas was varied from 0 to 100% at the fixed total gas flow rates of 20 sccm. The etch results of acrylic in the multilayers electrode RIE system were characterized in terms of negatively induced dc bias on the electrode, etch rates and RMS surface roughness. Etch rate of acrylic was increased more than twice from about 0.2μm/min to over 0.4μm/min when RIE chuck power was changed from 75 to 200 W. 1 sigma uniformity of etch rate variation of acrylic on the 4 layers electrode was slightly increased from 2.3 to 3.2% when RIE chuck power was changed from 75 to 200 W at the fixed etch condition of 16 sccm O2/4 sccm N2 gas flow and 100 mTorr chamber pressure. Surface morphology was also investigated using both a surface profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The RMS roughness of etched acrylic surface was strongly affected by % O2 composition in the O2/N2 plasmas. However, RIE chuck power changes hardly affected the roughness results in the range of 75-200 W. During etching experiment, Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) data was taken and we found both N2 peak (354.27 nm) and O2 peak (777.54 nm). The preliminarily overall results showed that the multi-layers electrode concept could be successfully utilized for high volume reactive ion etching of acrylic in the future.

간척이 식생 분포에 미칠 영향을 분석하기 위하여 새만금 간척지구 내 안서 포구 앞 조간대와 기수 지역에서 2003년부터 2004년에 걸쳐 식생과 토양특성을 분석하였다. 이 지역의 조간대와 기수 지역에 출현한 식생은 모두 염생식물로, 조간대는 3종의 염생식물이 출현하여 단순하였고, 만조대와 기수 지역은 각각 9종과 8종이 출현하여 조간대에 비하여 다양하였다. 식물종은 조간대에서 해홍나물(Suaeda maritima), 갯질경(Limonium tetragonum) 및 칠면초(Suaeda japonica)가, 기수 지역의 비침수 지역에서는 해홍나물, 갯질경 및 갯개미취(Aster tripolium)가, 기수 지역의 침수 지역에서는 갯댑싸리 (Kochia scoparia var. littorea)가 우점하였다. 토양화학성을 분석한 결과, 조간대 내에서 식물종의 출현은 토양의 전기전도도(electrical conductivity, EC), Na+ 및 Cl-의 농도가 상대적으로 낮은 지역에서 이루어졌다. 식물종 간의 EC 농도는 동일지역 내에서는 유사하였으나, 서로 다른 지역에서는 동일종 간에도 뚜렷한 차이를 보여, 식물종의 출현 유무는 토양환경의 차이에 의해 결정되었다. 조간대 및 기수 지역에서 식물종의 출현은 토성과 토양화학성에 따라 다름으로써, 식생의 분포는 토양환경의 영향을 받고 있음을 시사하였다.

PASKYULA was formed in September, 1923 through the union of artists involved in two art groups: Kim Ki-Jin, Kim Bok-Jin, Yeon Hak-Nyeon who had previously participated in the ToWolHoi, and Park Young-Hi, Lee Sang-Hwa, An Seok-Ju, former members of the BaeckJo. After its founding, the PASKYULA artists had been searching for the social function of art to reform the harsh reality of Minjung and the nation with criticism toward society as well as art world. Their art theory for MinJung could grow relatively ease in relation to changing social and political conditions in the early 1920s. In August, 1925, PASKYULA organized the Korea Artista Proletaria Federatio with the YeomGunSa, and laid the groundwork for Proletariat art movement which was regularized in the late 1920s. From PASKYULA up to the early state of KAPF, the theory of art advocated by Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju could be summarized as "art for MinJung". At that time, widely ranging discourses on MinJung, however, was spawned in art theory, because many intellectuals`─`including artists and writers`─`begun to pay more attention to MinJung, who emerged as one of the social forces after the Samil Independent Movement. Sometimes, MinJung was construed as the target of enlightenment from a negative viewpoint. On the other hand, several intellectuals under the influence of individualism asserted that the discussion itself on MinJung exerted an evil influence on art. In contrast of these cases, the PASKYULA artists including Kim Bok-Jin, An Seok-Ju perceived that MinJung had the potential to change society, and regarded them as "a creator of genuine civilization and art". In the PASKYULA artist's writings, the concept of MinJung was often overlapped with the meaning of the Choson nation suffering under colony. Although their concept of MinJung was transformed gradually into the proletariat as they were under the strong influence of socialism, it did not change that they grasped the realities of the whole Choson Peninsula through the proletarian consciousness. In the early state of PASKYULA, the methodology for social function of art was presented in a twofold manner. First of all, Kim Bok-Jin emphasized on the necessity of education to improve MinJung's way of life through art, and it was embodied by the organization of ToWol Art Workshop and public lecture. Also, he championed "the popularization of art", which was one of methods to distribute art to MinJung. According to the PASKYULA artists, art should be not art for art's sake but art for MinJung. That was why they advocated the convergence of art and MinJung's life. Especially Kim Bok-Jin affirmed a link between art and industry because he considered industry the field inextricably linked with MinJung's life. In this context, his idea could be read as the generalization and equalization within the framework of possession. Kim Bok-Jin thought that the social ramifications of capitalism deprived MinJung of their right to enjoy art, and emphasized the artist's social role to return the right to them. That is, the even distribution of art was mainly discussed than the contents of art in the half of 1920s. By 1925, the contents of art itself became an issue in the PASKYULA art theory, and it was based in realism. Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju insisted that art should be reflection of real life. At that time, realism acquired the representation of MinJung and the nation's realities not realistic style. In fact, the various Western art styles including Futurism, Constructivism, Cubism etc. were exploited in the PASKYULA's visual images. Western art, target of criticism on theory, was selectively adopted in the works which were produced by Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju. Kim Bok-Jin's MoonYeUnDong cover design was conceived of as the example in which Western art was adopted with it's ideology under the influence of MAVO, while Western art shown in An Seok-Ju's illustrations served as a decorative function in many cases. Especially, An Seok-Ju attempted the various styles of Western art simultaneously, which may be seen as representing that PASKYULA did not have a firm ideology for their style. Also, it can be read as showing his hasty zeal to overcome Western art rapidly. The wish to establish "art for MinJung" as soon as possible was accompanied with the will to jump over the all steps of Western art though it was superficial. This aspiration of PASKYULA was expressed through the mass media, which had the potential for communicating to MinJung. At this point, there was a significant disparity between PASKYULA and another art groups in the first half of 1920s. However, the PASKYULA's method on the basis of the mass media could not but have a certain limitation because of the medium's properties. Nevertheless, PASKYULA?attempts may be considered to be valuable in sense that they expended the boundaries of Korean modern art into the commercial art questioning the matter of the distribution for art.

We investigated heat stability of epoxy resin products and epoxy resin according to the influence hardener. The heat flow which shows the degree of thermal decomposition of the epoxy resin product and epoxy resin measured by using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). As a result, we found that in the case of heat stability for epoxy resin as hardener was added, the ratio of one to one (epoxy resin : hardener) was the most suitable in air condition and nitrogen atmosphere.

니켈입자와 고분자를 함유한 니켈슬러리를 상전환법을 이용하여 중공사 형태로 성형한 후, 소결법을 이용하여 1,150℃ 환원조건에서 소결하여 금속 필터를 제조하였고 니켈 입자를 표면에 함침한 후, 800℃ 환원조건에서 소결하여 금속 정밀여과막을 제조하였다. 소결조건에 따른 금속 중공사 필터와 정밀여과막의 기공크기, 강도를 살펴보았다. 금속 중공사 정밀여과막은 산, 염기 및 염소에 대한 저항성이 뛰어났으며 역세척에 의한 투수량 회복률이 우수하였다.

실크 생산공정 중 발생하는 부산물인 세리신을 회수하기 위하여 제조된 폴리에테르술폰 중공사 한외여과 모듈을 운전하였다. 부산물에 함유되어 있는 비누를 염화칼슘을 이용하여 침진시킨 후 침전된 비누가 함유된 세리신 용액의 침지형 및 가압형 모듈 운전 시 막오염 거동을 살펴보았다. 또한 가압형 모듈 운전 시 비누와 단백질이 막오염에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 비누를 제거함으로써 막오염이 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 이로부터 비누가 침전될 때와 침전되기 전에 단백질 상호간에 영향을 끼치며 분리막에도 영향을 미침을 보여주고 있다.

산느타리버섯(Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quelet)은 담자균문, 주름버섯목, 송이과, 느타리버섯속에 속하며 미 색 또는 약한 황갈색을 띄며 일반 느타리버섯에 비해 작고 폐모양이며 자실체는 여름에서 초가을 사이에 침엽수의 죽은 부위에서 발생, 육질이 부드럽고 맛이 순하며 향기가 있고, 항염증, 항콜레스테롤, 항고지혈증의 기능성을 가지 고 있다. 본 실험은 강원도 내·외에서 수집한 산느타리버 섯 10계통에 대하여 균사배양 특성 및 병재배시 자실체 특 성을 검정하여 수량 및 품질이 우수한 GWM-20107 등 4 계통을 1차로 선발한 후 선발된 4계통의 단포자 분리 및 교배로서 교배계통 600계통을 육성하고, 육성된 교배계통 에 대한 2차 선발을 하였다. 2차 선발 결과 강원도 자생종 수집계통인 GWM20107와 GWM20139와의 교배로서 4 계통, GWM20107와 GWM20145와의 교배로서 4계통, GWM20107와 GWM20148과의 교배로서 16계통 등 총 24계통을 선발하였으며 그 중에서 갓의 색깔, 갓의 모양, 대의 모양과 길이 및 경도, 수량특성에 따라 GWM20107 와 GWM20139와의 교배계통으로서 PP-m-151, GWM20107와 GWM20145와의 교배계통으로서 PPm- 178, GWM20107와 GWM20148과의 교배계통으로 서 PP-m-418, PP-m-430 계통을 선발하였다.

느타리버섯 폐면재배법은 현재 우리나라에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 형태이며, 전국 농가수는 약 5,000호(추정) 로 전체 버섯재배농가수의 약 60%정도를 차지하고 있다. 느타리버섯 폐면재배시 반드시 배지살균과 후발효과정을 거쳐야 하며, 이 과정은 약 5∼7일 정도에 걸쳐 이루어지 는데 이때 소비되는 유류량은 농가당 300∼400ℓ(30평 당)로 많다. 전국적으로 연간 약 2.5회 재배시 배지살균과 후발효에만 약 10백만∼15백만ℓ가 소모되는 셈이다. 균상재배방법은 다른 재배방법(봉지재배, 병재배)과 달 리 배지발효과정이 필수적이며, 발효과정을 통해 폐면배 지 내부에 많은 미생물들이 증식하게 된다. 버섯연구소에서는 폐면의 발효과정의 이화학적 변화를 조사하였고, 폐면배지에서 증식하는 다양한 미생물을 분 리하였으며, 그 중 느타리버섯 재배에서 가장 문제시되는 Trichoderma virens 등 4종의 푸른곰팡이병균에 대한 항 균활성을 지니고 있으면서 느타리버섯 균사생장에는 영향 을 주지 않는 Bacillus pumilus 등 미생물 3종을 선발하였 다. 농가실증시험을 통해 분리된 미생물을 대량배양하여 폐면배지 야외발효시 인위적으로 첨가하여 약 7∼9일간의 야외발효를 실시한 후, 저온살균과정을 생략하고 후발효 만 55℃에서 1일간 실시하였을 때, 관행 대비 균사배양, 버섯생육, 유류소모량 등을 분석한 결과, 균배양율은 100%, 평당수량 43kg으로 관행과 대등한 수량을 얻을 수 있었으며, 관행 대비 살균 및 후발효기간 3∼4일 단축, 연 간 약 1,224천원(100평/2.4회)의 유류비 절감효과를 확인하였다.